Comfortable position

Comfortable position

Shu Wei (1765-1816) was a poet and dramatist in Qing Dynasty. The word Liren, No. Tieyun, No. Tieyun mountain people, small word Xichan. Zhili Daxing (now Beijing) people, grew up in Wu county (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). In the 53rd year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, he was a poor man who tried to become a scholar again and again. From Wang Chaowu of Qianxi Dao to Guizhou, he was the official of the government. He is erudite and good at painting and calligraphy, especially in poetry and Yuefu. Xu Wei, a painter, is as famous for his poems as Wang Tan and sun Yuanxiang, and is known as the "three kings". His works include Ping Shui Zhai poetry anthology, Qian Jia poetry records, etc. In addition, there are four kinds of Zaju in pingshengguan xiuxiao PU.

Life of the characters

Shu Wei was born in Daxing (now Beijing) of Zhili, but he claimed that he lived in DASHITOU lane of Wumen (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) for the rest of his life Uncle Xi Zhong had been an official in Jiangnan, and his father Yongfu went with him, so he lived in Wumen. In 1765, his mother Shen gave birth to Shu Wei in Suzhou. Shen was originally from Wu. Shu Wei Shao Yingwu, ten years old Nengwen, uncle Xi Zhong praised: "this is my family QianLiJu also." At the age of 14, he lived with his father in Yongfu County, Guangxi. His father had Tieyun mountain behind his official house, so he was named Tieyun mountain man. In 1788, Emperor Qianlong was elected. Soon after his uncle committed a crime, he was found to have his family copied. His father, Ren Xiancheng, in Guangxi, also lost his official position and died in Jiangxi. Shu Wei returned to Wumen in his father's coffin, but his family was poor and had no house. He once lived in Wuzhen, Huzhou, before moving to Suzhou.

Shu Wei's life was full of ups and downs. He took part in the examination nine times, but failed, so he was determined to make progress. When he lived in the capital, he loved his talent in opera. He often used his works to do exercises and embellishment. He was friendly with the dramatists Jiang Shiquan and Wang Tan at that time. Because of his poor family, Shu Wei went to Hejian Prefecture, Hebei Province, where he served as an assistant to Wang Chaowu. In 1797, he joined Wang Chaowu's army in Qianxi to fight for Zhongmiao. Shu Wei was filial to his mother. In 1816, his mother died. Shu Wei came home from Dai Xing in Zhenzhou. Because of his grief, he died on New Year's Eve in the same year. Shu Wei was born and died in Wu, and he was a Wu man all his life.

Literary achievements

Shu Wei has a wide range of books, travels around, and has a broad contact with social life. Most of his poems are about travel, service, gift and history; some of his poems are pure, precipitous and extraordinary, showing sadness of frustration in some of his works; some of his poems satirize current affairs or attack reality, such as kowtow bug, Huxing, Hangzhou pass chronicle, etc. His poems, such as Zhang Gongshi, Zhu Yeyun's painting of an old tree on a broken wall, Shi Dunfu's title, and the chapter of broken quilt, were praised by his contemporaries (preface to the collection of poems of Ping Shui Zhai by FA Shishan); his poems of seven character rhythms, such as those of imperial concubine Ming, Zhuge Liang, Tao Yuanming, and Xiang Ji, are also very new. FA Shishan once wrote "Ode to the three kings" with Shu Wei, Wang Tan and sun Yuanxiang as the "three kings"; Gong Zizhen took him and Peng zhaosun as the same, praising his poetic style of "melancholy and unrestrained". Shu Wei is well versed in melody and his opera is called "dangxing".

Shu Wei's poems are very successful, but he is very modest, comparing his knowledge and creative achievements to a bottle of water in the sea, so he named his study "bottle of water". He is the author of 17 volumes of pingshuizhai poetry anthology, 2 volumes of pingshuizhai poetry anthology, general records of Qianjia poetry circle, opera Zhuo Nu Dang Lu, Fan Ji Yong Ji, you Yang Xiu Yue, Bo Wang visit Xing (the above four kinds are collectively called pingshengguan Xiu Xiao PU), peach blossom human face and Pipa earn, etc.

Shu Wei and records of general in Qianjia Poetry

According to Yun, it is composed of Shu Wei, Chen Wenshu (Yunbo) and two or three famous scholars who played samadhi after drinking and chatting about the characters in the poetic world at that time. Shen Deqian, Yuan Mei, Yu Qilin, Qian Zai, Jiang Shiquan and Zhao Yi are among the top three In addition, celebrities such as Hong Liangji, Huang Jingren, Ruan Yuan and Zhang Wentao also had their own positions. The results of the comments spread out, and all those who knew it were absolutely defeated. They thought that Bixiao was the best. Later, Shu Wei added praise to the critics (and perhaps revised the ranking), and made a preface, pointing out the serious significance of this game in Literary Criticism: "if you write a thousand characters, you will find a marshal; if you write a poem, you will find a partial teacher.". Therefore, the selection of generals by climbing the altar is also the compilation of history The article has been written for thousands of years. Only those who are good generals can write poems with them. "

It is not easy to comment on and rank the poets of the same era. However, when we look at the records of the generals in the Qianjia poetry circle 300 years later, we can not help but be surprised at its fairness and accuracy. On the one hand, it is because of Shu Wei's brilliant insight in poetry, on the other hand, it is also because of his critical attitude: "it's decided by the coffin, or by the hairpin, or by Lian Lin, or by Yin Xing." (preface to the records of generals in Qianjia poetry circle)

In the arrangement of the characters, he did not completely follow the seating arrangement of the 70th chapter of outlaws of the marsh, but made some adjustments according to the characteristics of the commented characters. For example, in Shuihu, Putian Diao is the leader in charge of money and grain. In Qianjia Dianjianglu, Putian Diao Yang fangcan is listed as the leader of Ma Junzheng, and only a small whirlwind Ruan Yuan is retained as the leader in charge of money and grain in the poetic world. For another example, Black Whirlwind Wang Tan was listed as the leader of the infantry charge challenge, Hunjiang Long Yao Nai as the leader of the Navy, and purple bearded Bo Weng Fanggang as the leader of the Xiangshi (purple bearded Bo is a veterinarian in Water Margin). He also classified some poets into "old leaders of Dengyun mountain" and "old leaders of Qingfeng mountain" according to their sects and origins. In addition, in order to avoid being "loyal and honest", he simply gave up the four secret leaders (tiejiaozi, gushangflea, golden dog, day mouse) who were not very tall in Liangshan. To a certain extent, this practice was used by later generations of "Dianjianglu".

Praise is a major feature of Qianjia Dianjianglu. These compliments, or praise alone, or praise together, mostly cross, less six or eight characters, not only explain the characteristics of the commented, but also consider the character and experience of the corresponding characters in Water Margin, which is incisive and charming. For example, the praise to monk Hong Liangji: "what a mang monk, he suddenly appears a Bodhisattva, and he has a 62 Jin iron Zen stick"; the praise to Huang Jingren: "the murderer is Wu Song who beats a tiger"; the praise to Zhang Wentao: "making envoys in front of the hall, but it's a pity that he uses a sword to kill two oxen"; and the praise to Quan Zuwang: "the spear and the halberd shake everything.", Besides knowing, it is amazing.

In the book of Qian ya'er's abandonment of Jian'er, there is no one who praises him. He who looks like me is clumsy, and he who learns from me is dead. Once he strikes away fifteen sons. " The theory of Xunwei is based on the history of poetry. Such self-knowledge and self-confidence is admirable.

Selected Poems

[Title Liu]

A thread of willow and a shuttle of warbler is woven by heaven. There is no fragment of spring sorrow, and the sharp wind is still the sound of scissors.

Fourteen Miscellaneous Poems on a snowy night

Autumn old Guanshan sing pick Wei, Dao ring is safe, far away people return. In the old days, Yang and Liu were all beautiful, and a Yao Flower Embroidered Iron clothes.

[on June 24, there are two boating songs in lotus pond (Part one)]

Wumen bridge outside swing light, flow pipe clear silk Pan Yu Fu. It should be the birthday of the flower god. Ten thousand people are like a sea without flowers.

[Yanghua]

Song remnant willow Wuchang City, flying flower tube welcome. Spring is too old in March, and people in the Six Dynasties are silent when they go to snow.

Who should be thin in my life? I'll blow my neighbor's light. I live in the end of the world the most wandering, see canal so much feeling.

The first choice of nine poems in Wenxuan

Yunfu bird tired early huaitian, village children to make a good fate. Officials in China and Korea, such as drunken, the end of the hero to poetry.

Five willow trees, Xi emperor, one peach blossom before Wei and Jin Dynasties. Only Dongpo leisure, but, plus meals throughout and Yixi year.

[spiders and butterflies]

Spiders form webs to lure green insects, and peach blossoms fly into the east wind. The butterfly looks for the flower tail to long, hits the peach blossom same net.

Spiders don't speak, butterflies worry, silky peach prisoner. The peach blossom sees the butterfly through the fog, may be like the heavenly daughter meets a thousand oxen?

Xiaoxiao spring wind when the window into the muddy flowers, rouge wet. Butterfly powder spider a disaster ash, green insect ask oneself wall root stand.

[Diaoshi Pavilion, meihualing]

Who guarantees one inch building? The domineering general is in power. It has been heard that the North Sea is closed to Kong Rong, and the south tower is opened to Yu Liang.

Heaven's heart is not supported by bad people, so the Duke is called governor at this time. Leopard skin can be kept for thousands of years, but Ma Ge will not be able to wrap a corpse.

The amount of wine in one's life is floating in the sea, and the only way to drink is to go to the army gate. A river lock does not block, ten li bead curtain to change.

For example, the end of a game, the public's life and death and robbery. Death is left light fight, life regardless of Hong Chengchou.

When the east wind blows up meihualing, there is still some moon shadow. The autumn cricket hall is the place where visitors visit, and the emperor's political affairs are in the rouge well.

The history of Zhonglang's death, the sorrow of the veteran, and the return of the emigrant to his family. Blow the flute to sing the soul song, and brush the moss to see the tearful monument first.

Chronicle of Hangzhou pass

The customs officials in Hangzhou are like beggars. Sure enough, when I came to berth, I couldn't unpack. Talk with the officials and call them to sit down. I'm willing to follow what I want, but I'm not too trivial. Li Yanjun sure enough, bronze and silver are indispensable. If you don't, you should laugh at me. I turned to Li Bai, department stores I have no one, that is, there are eight Dou talent, the amount of not a stone. But there are thousands of worries, and they never meet a single customer. The rest of the sporadic clothing, such as the case does not ask for its king. But there is a string of flying green Cuan, give you a small drink of Huanggong Cuan. The official glared at the money, waved his hand and called for the slaves upstairs. There were more than thirty years of slavery, with both mediocrity and evil. If you don't speak the southern language or the northern language, you can speak the same language as the officials. I am not the Prime Minister of pepper 800 yuan, nor the merchant of cowhide 12 Zheng. And not tea

Chinese PinYin : Shu Wei