Sima Yan

Sima Yan

Sima Yan (December 321 - July 26, 342) was the third emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The eldest son of Sima Shao, the emperor of Jin and Ming Dynasties, and the mother of Sima Yue, the emperor of Jin and Kang, is Yu Wenjun, the empress of Ming and mu.

In 325, Sima Yan ascended the throne. Because he was young, his mother, Empress Dowager Yu Wenjun, was in charge. After the death of Empress Dowager Yu, Wang Dao and Yu Liang assisted her. During his reign, due to the rebellion between Su Jun and zuyue, the palace city was moved to Shitou city. It was not until the fourth year of Xianhe (329) that Tao Kan and Wen Qiao settled Su Jun's rebellion that they moved back to Jiankang. In the 336 years of the second year of the Kang, Kang Hao banned the privatization of the daotsu Dahna, and in the seventh year of the year of Kang Kang (341 years), the family of the people moved from Jiangbei to the registered residence was broken down by the way of the earth. On the fifth day of June in the eighth year of Xiankang (342), Sima Yan felt unwell and ordered his younger brother, Sima Yue, king of Langya, to succeed to the throne. On the seventh day of June, he died in Xitang at the age of 22. His title was Emperor Cheng and his temple name was Xianzong. He was buried in Xingping Mausoleum (now Jilong mountain, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province).

Life experience

Sima Yan himself is also a famous calligrapher. According to relevant information: (SIMA Yan) Gongshu. The cursive script is powerful and fresh, and the ancient style is implicit. "Fa Shu Yao Lu" records: Emperor Cheng was born to know the meaning of grass. The light makes the soul afraid, the green doubts the blue. The strength is fresh and the ancient style is contained. If the clouds open and see the rising sun at first glance, the spring falls and hangs back to the Bitan.

Early experience

Sima Yan, whose name is shigen, was born in 321, the fourth year of Taixing. He was the eldest son of Sima Shao, the emperor of Jin and Ming Dynasties, and his mother was Yu Wenjun, Empress of Ming Mu. On the second day of March in 325, Sima Yan was appointed the crown prince.

Ascend the throne

On August 25, the third year of Taining (325), Emperor Jin and Ming died. On August 26, Sima Yan, the crown prince, became the emperor. He was Emperor Cheng of Jin Dynasty and honored his mother, empress Yu Wenjun, as empress dowager. Sima Yan was only five years old when he ascended the throne. Because Sima Yan was young, his mother, Empress Dowager Yu Wenjun, was in charge of the court. Situ Wang Daolu and Zhongshu Ling Yu Liang participated in the imperial politics together. He appointed general Fu and King Sima Zong of Nandun as the general of Hushi, and the leading general and King Sima you of Runan as the general of Wei. On September 11, Emperor Jin and Ming were buried in Wuping mausoleum.

Death

On the fifth day of June in the eighth year of Xiankang (342), Emperor Cheng of Jin Dynasty was not well, so he ordered his younger brother situ and King simayue of Langya to inherit the throne. On the sixth day of June, Sima Xi, king of Wuling, Sima Yu, king of Kuaiji, Yu Bing, commander of Zhongshu, He Chong, and Zhuge Hui were ordered to accept the edict to assist Sima Yue. On the 7th of June, Emperor Cheng of Jin Dynasty died in Xitang. At the age of 22, he was named emperor Cheng after his posthumous title and was buried in Xingping mausoleum.

Political initiatives

Issue an edict

When Sima Yan ascended the throne, because he was young, his mother, Empress Dowager Yu, was in charge; after empress dowager Yu died, Wang Dao and Yu Liang were in charge. During Sima Yan's reign, he appointed his relative Yu Liang to be in power, trying to exclude the influence of Wang Dao and cheer up the royal family of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, Yu Liang doubted the ministers and killed and expelled the important officials at will, which caused the internal conflict of the ruling group. In the second year of Xianhe (327), Su Jun, a general of Liyang Town, and Zu Yue, a general of Shouchun Town, launched a rebellion in the name of killing Yu Liang and invaded Jiankang. After that, Tao Kan and Wen Qiao put down their troops, Wang Dao came out of the mountain again to take power, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty turned the corner again. During the reign of emperor Cheng of Jin Dynasty, he once ordered Yu Liang to make a northern expedition, but he was defeated by Shi Hu. In the 336 years of the second year of the Kang Dynasty, Jin Cheng Di issued the imperial edict of the emperor, banning the general of the Hao family from privatizing the mountain daze. In the seventh year of the year of Kang Kang (341 years), the clan of the people moved from Jiangbei to the registered residence was broken down by the way of the earth.

Political achievements

According to the book of Jin, Sima Yan was smart and reasonable since he was a child. He spoke very well and looked like a little adult. When Su Jun, the rebel general, was imprisoned and treated Sima Yan harshly, Sima Yan was neither afraid nor obscene. Instead, he took it calmly, buried himself in reading, and showed a wise demeanor. When Sima Yan was 6 years old, Su Jun's rebellion happened. Sima Zong, one of the five horses crossing the river, was killed. He didn't know anything about it. After Su Jun's rebellion subsided, he asked his uncle Yu Liang, "where is the old white headed man (SIMA Zong's white hair) Yu Liang played: "Sima Zong conspired against the ambush.". Sima Yan was very sad. He cried and said, "uncle said that whoever is a thief will be killed. If someone says uncle is a thief, what should I do?" Yu Liang's face changed greatly when he heard this, and he was speechless. Yu Yi, Yu Liang's younger brother, delivers wine to Wang Yunzhi, the governor of Jiangzhou. Wang Yunzhi tries to make the dog drink a little first, and the dog immediately falls to the ground and dies. Wang Yunzhi was so scared that he quickly reported to the little emperor. When Sima Yan heard this, he said angrily, "my uncle has been in chaos, and I want to be evil again?" (do you want to learn to come, too?) (the book of Jin) Yu Yi was terrified when he heard the speech. In order to protect the Yu family, he soon drank poison and committed suicide. It can be seen that Sima Yan was not simple since he was a child. It's a pity that he was controlled by his uncle's family since he was a child, so he didn't have the opportunity to manage the government. I'm a little older, and I'm very interested in politics. He was thrifty. He wanted to build an archery practice room in the backyard. After calculation, it cost 40 gold. He said it was too expensive to build it. Although he is not as brave as his father, his virtue of being courteous and thrifty can be traced back to his ancestors. Sima Yan, Emperor chengdi of Jin Dynasty, succeeded to the throne when he was young, and he was unable to handle government affairs personally. When I get older, I have the virtue of diligence and thrift. During Sima Yan's reign, he issued imperial edicts to the virtuous and advised them to teach agriculture and mulberry. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when luxury and ostentation prevailed for a long time, as an emperor, he was able to advocate simplicity and frugality, and took the lead in implementing it. Unfortunately, he was a short-lived emperor. Sima Yan himself is also a famous calligrapher. According to relevant information: (SIMA Yan) Gongshu. The cursive script is powerful and fresh, and the ancient style is implicit. "Fa Shu Yao Lu" records: Emperor Cheng was born to know the meaning of grass. The light makes the soul afraid, the green doubts the blue. The strength is fresh and the ancient style is contained. If the clouds open and see the rising sun at first glance, the spring falls and hangs back to the Bitan. In May of the eighth year of Xiankang (342), Sima Yan, Emperor Cheng, was not well. On the fifth day of June, the disease worsened. At that time, Sima PI and Sima Yi, the two sons of emperor Cheng, were young and still in their infancy. So Yu Bing (Yu Liang's younger brother) asked for Sima Yue, the same mother brother of emperor Cheng, to be the heir to the throne, and Emperor Cheng agreed. Emperor Cheng ordered Sima Yue to be the heir to the throne, and his son Sima Yi to inherit the title of sima'an, the king of Langxie. On the seventh day of the lunar new year, Yu Bing, He Chong, Sima Shen, king of Wuling, Sima Yu, king of Kuaiji, and Zhuge Hui were appointed to the government at the same time. On the eighth day of junior high school, Emperor Cheng died in Zhongxi Hall of Jiankang palace. He was 22 years old and 18 years in office. The name of the temple is Xianzong, and its posthumous title is chengdi. Buried in Xingping Mausoleum (the sun of Jilong mountain in Nanjing). On the ninth day of the lunar new year, Sima Yue, the king of Langxie, was the emperor and granted amnesty to the whole world. On the 14th, Sima PI, son of emperor chengdi, was appointed king of Langxie and Sima Yi king of Donghai. Sima Yue, the emperor of Kang, did not speak at the funeral and handed over the political commissar to Yu Bing and He Chong.

Peace and chaos

In October of the second year of Xianhe (327), Yu Liang, regardless of the dissuasion of his officials, forcibly recruited Su Jun, the internal history of Liyang, to serve as the chief minister of the central government, in order to seize his military power and eliminate the hidden danger of the imperial court. Su Jun did not follow, so he united with Yushou governor zuyue to fight against Yu Liang, and a new turmoil broke out. Su Jun's troops were strong and well armed. With the cooperation of his ancestors, he soon sent his troops to Jiankang City, and the officers and soldiers lost one after another. Yu Liang abandoned his armor, left his sister and nephew, the little emperor, and hurriedly fled with his three younger brothers to find Yang and go to Wen Qiao. In February of the next year, Jiankang was defeated, and all the officials scattered. The palace and province were desolate. Only a few ministers, such as Wang Dao and Lu Ye, were left to guard the little emperor. When Su Jun entered the palace, Wang Dao took the little emperor in his arms and sat on the throne. Chu, Zhong Ya and Liu Chao, the general of the right guard, were waiting to stand. They looked dignified, and the rebels did not dare to go to the palace. Su Jun, a self styled General of Hushi and an official of Lu Shang, was arbitrary in the government, abusing hundreds of officials, beating ministers, stripping maids naked, and doing whatever he wanted. He was highly respected by Wang Dao, and still let him be in the front of him. Lu Yong and Kuang Shu, the rebel generals, urged to kill Wang Dao and other ministers. Su Jun respected Wang Dao and did not agree. Every day, Emperor Su moved to the house and forced him to live under house arrest. Wang Dao began to be afraid. He was afraid of disaster. At this time, he could not take care of the little emperor. He took his two sons to Baishi outside the city in a hurry. Until the rebellion subsided, Wang Daocai returned to the stone city and asked his subordinates to bring the festival given to him by the Yuan emperor. Tao Kan jokingly said, "it seems that suwu Festival is not like this!" Wang Dao was so ashamed that he was in a hurry to put the Festival away. Su Jun's rebellion lasted for one year and four months, which brought great damage to Jiankang city; the scholars fled, all kinds of businesses stopped, and the ancestral temples turned to dust. In the face of the dilapidated situation, many people suggest moving to a new capital. Wen Qiao proposed to move the capital to Yuzhang, and Wu Haoqiang asked to move the capital to Kuaiji. Wang Dao tried to defy public opinions and insisted, "Jiankang, the ancient Jinling, the hometown of the emperor, sun Zhongmou, Liu Xuande {Liu Bei} all said" the house of the king of Jiankang. ". Ancient emperors did not move their capitals because they were rich and thrifty. If they could take agriculture as the foundation and save money, why worry about being poor! If we do not pay attention to agriculture, even the paradise will become ruins. Moreover, the northern bandits often harass us and exploit our loopholes. Once they show their weakness and flee to the land of manyue, the enemy will take advantage of the situation and move the capital. I'm afraid it's not a good way. Now we should pay special attention to the tranquility of the town, and people's mood will naturally be stable. " When everyone saw that he was right, they stopped talking about moving the capital.

Historical evaluation

"The book of Jin" says: "it's a day and a night when it's rampant. If we do not complain about the detailed punishment, we can see the opportunity of disobedience. Because of his weakened capital, Emperor Cheng defended the land of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River and came out of Weiyang to govern. The assailants are both vertical, and the artifact is dangerous. They are the capital of Yuan Ao in Beijing, and the palace is like the fire of Xianyang. Jie dog barks

Chinese PinYin : Si Ma Yan