Hu Yuan

Hu Yuan

Hu Yuan (993-1059), a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a pioneer, thinker and educator of Neo Confucianism. Huainan East Road, a native of hujiazhuang, Ninghai Township, Rugao County, Taizhou (now Rugao City, Jiangsu Province), later moved to yanjiawan, Rucheng. Because he lived in andingbao, Shaanxi Road, he was known as Mr. andingbao. Together with Sun Fu and Shi Jie, they are called "Mr. Song Chusan". He advocated "taking benevolence, righteousness, rites and music as his study" and stressed "being clear and practical", which was the pioneer of Neo Confucianism in Song Dynasty. He has successively presided over the Suzhou and Huzhou schools, and created the "Jingyi" and "Zhishi" two zhais, which is the beginning of the division of departments and subjects in Colleges and universities. From the second year of Qingli to the first year of Jiayou, he successively served as crown prince Zhongshe, Guanglu Temple Cheng, tianzhang Pavilion Shishuo, etc.

In the third year of Jiayou (1058), he went to Lin'an to take care of his eldest son, Hu Zhikang. When he left Beijing, he traveled a hundred miles. The next year, he died, posthumous Wenzhao, buried in Wucheng, Zhejiang Province. There are tombs of clothes and crowns in Rugao hujiazhuang. His works include complete explanation of Shangshu, spring and autumn essentials, Zhouyi kouyi, Huangyou Xinyue Tuji, etc.

Life of the characters

Hu Yuan was born in 993 (the fourth year of Chunhua) in hujiazhuang, Ninghai Township, Rugao County, Taizhou (now Rugao City, Jiangsu Province). He later moved to yanjiawan, Rucheng. His ancestral home is andingbao, Zichang County, Shaanxi Province. Hu Zun, the first ancestor of his family, was a general of Cao Wei. Among his descendants, there were two queens and empress dowagers, as well as more than 10 generals and Prefects. Hu Xiu, his grandfather, had already served as the commander of Taizhou. When he joined the army, his family moved with him. However, since his father hune was appointed as the official of the Ninghai Navy (at that time, he was a junior official), because of his low salary, he stepped into the situation of "being poor and unable to support himself".

Hu Yuan was intelligent and studious when he was a child. At the age of 7, he was good at writing. At the age of 13, he knew five classics. He was regarded as a genius by his neighbors. Hune said: "this is a great tool, very good!" Hu Yuan was diligent, eager to learn, and ambitious. He often served as a sage. However, due to the decline of his family, he did not receive a good education in his early years. At the age of 20, he was studying in Mount Tai, Shandong Province. He went to qizhenguan, Mount Tai, Shandong Province for further study with Sun Fu, Shi Jie and others. I have a great ambition here. I haven't been back for 10 years. I have been studying the classics of sages and sages. In order not to let his mind be disturbed, whenever he opened his letter and saw the word "Ping'an", he threw himself into the mountain stream and stopped reading. During this period, he was "not willing to eat and sleep in peace", assiduously studied knowledge, and laid a solid foundation for future education.

In 1024 (the second year of Tiansheng), he returned to the south, but failed seven times. When he was 40 years old, he gave up the idea of imperial examination and returned to Taizhou city. He set up an academy (private school) at Jingwu Temple beside Huatuo Temple (later the location of Taizhou middle school in Jiangsu Province), which was named anding academy after his ancestral home anding.

In 1034 (the first year of Jingyou), Hu Yuan, 42, began to teach Confucian classics in Suzhou. Fan Zhongyan, who had always attached importance to culture and education in the former imperial court, was demoted to be the governor of the place for opposing the abolition. The following year, after fan started a county school in Nanyuan, he was hired as his first teacher and sent his son fan Chunyou to worship him as his teacher. After taking office, he formulated a set of strict school rules. Because Mr. fan can take the lead to abide by it, none of the other students from rich families dare to trample on it. With the full support of the prefecture magistrate, the county school soon became a model for the whole city.

In 1036 (the third year of Jingyou's reign), introduced by Fan Zhongyan, Hu Yuan went to Kaifeng with Ruan Yi, a musician who knew Hangzhou. He was summoned by song Renzong, who was eager to improve the elegant music. He was ordered to determine the rhythm and make chimes. In the meantime, his elegant manners were highly praised by the important people in the court. After the event, he was promoted as a scholar officer.

In August 1040 (the first year of Kangding), Fan Zhongyan, who was in charge of Yanzhou (now Yan'an), went to Shaanxi and was recommended as a military officer of Danzhou (now Yichuan County). He wrote the book "rules of martial arts" here, which advocated the great development of martial arts in order to resist external aggression.

In 1041 (the first year of the Qing Dynasty), when Hu Yuan transferred Mizhou (today's Shandong cities) as an official of observation and promotion, he resigned because of his father's death and went home to mourn. The next year, he returned to Baoning (now Jinhua, Zhejiang Province) and was appointed as a governor. Soon after, at the invitation of Teng Zongliang, the governor of Huzhou (now Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province), he went to the local state school as a lecturer and Professor, so that "people from all over the world gathered to receive their education.". During this period, he put forward the wise saying that "the rule of the world lies in talents, the talent of the world lies in education, and the root of education lies in school", and established the effective "Lake learning".

In 1044 (the fourth year of Qingli period), Fan Zhongyan carried out the new policy, took Hu Yuan's teaching method as the "Treaty of learning and administration" and promulgated it all over the country. He followed Huzhou's experience in running a central imperial college.

In November of 1050 (the second year of Huangyou), the Imperial Court changed the rules of elegant music again, and still ordered Hu Yuan and Ruan Yi to come to Beijing to preside over it, which was completed in three years with the support of Sima Guang and fan Jingren. They also co authored three volumes of Huang You Xin Le Tu Ji.

In 1052 (the fourth year of Huangyou), Hu Yuan was promoted to the Imperial College, presided over the Imperial College, and became the official of Guanglu temple in Jin Dynasty. He was enlisted as Prince Zhongshe and later became an official in the palace. During his teaching period, he was welcomed and respected by students because of his erudition and good teaching methods. At that time, half of the officials in the court were from the lower class.

In 1056 (the first year of Jiayou), at the age of 64, Hu Yuan was promoted to crown prince Zhongshe and tianzhangge Shishuo, and became the tutor of the current crown prince. At the same time, he also assisted in the examination, teaching and discipline of the doctor in Taixue. At this time, although he was a life official, he always maintained the equality between teachers and students, often exchanged views with students, and formed a learning style of "deep, sincere, mellow, and easy" on campus. At that time, the teachers included many royal princes, many famous scholars and nearly half of the officials in the Ministry of rites. Therefore, they were deeply respected by the students and the whole court. They regarded him as a great master and was called "Mr. Zhen" by Shenzong.

In his later years, Hu Yuan still studied hard and taught hard, and participated in the government affairs, but eventually he was bedridden due to chronic labor.

In 1058 (the third year of Jiayou's reign), with the approval of emperor Renzong, he led Dr. Taichang to Hangzhou eldest son Hu Zhikang to recuperate. Before leaving, the capital was a sensation, and the people who sent each other off were "endless". The next year, he died of illness, posthumous title "Wenzhao", and was buried in Wucheng, Zhejiang Province (near Zicheng, Huzhou). In addition, he was praised by Wang Anshi as "the hero of the world"; Fan Zhongyan was regarded as "the leader of Su lake, the mantle of Confucius and Mencius"; and Su Dongpo, a literary master, once wrote a poem praising him: "so Su Hushi, still cherishes the past".

In his decades of teaching practice, Hu Yuan integrated teaching theory, practice and reform, creating a precedent of Neo Confucianism in Song Dynasty. Its main contributions are as follows: establishing the educational concept of cultivating talents of "governing the world"; correcting the shortcomings of the imperial court when taking office, requiring comprehensive observation of morality, intelligence, physical education and music; implementing subject based teaching; popularizing universal education; strict school rules, teaching by words and deeds; paying attention to students' social practice and establishing the boarding system in Colleges and universities. His posthumous works include Songzi County academic records, Zhouyi kouyi, Hongfan kouyi, Analects of Confucius and Chunqiu kouyi.

Profile

Hu Yuan was well versed in Confucian classics, with the idea of "sages' self expectation" and the idea of "understanding the body and achieving the purpose".

In his opinion, the Confucian principles and teachings are the unchanging "style" for all ages, while the Confucian poetry and books are the "Literature" of later generations; putting the style and literature into practice can "moisten the people and return to the emperor", and achieve the goal of the people's peace and national governance and the maintenance of feudal rule, which is "utility".

His theory of "Ming Ti Da Yong" had a great influence on Neo Confucianism in Song Dynasty.

Hu Yuan's lectures on Confucian classics and righteousness, and on governing affairs, including martial arts, water conservancy, arithmetic, and calendar, showed his emphasis on practical application.

Hu Yuan was "the master of the world in white". His educational thoughts and methods have played an important role in history. Hu Yuan's teaching method in Suzhou and Huzhou is known as "Suhu teaching method" in the history. In the Qingli period of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty, the imperial court promoted Taixue, and "issued an imperial edict to Suzhou and Huzhou to take their teaching methods, and wrote an order to Taixue".

Hu Yuan wrote Zhouyi kouyi, Hongfan kouyi and other works, all of which are included in Sikuquanshu, as well as the Analects of Confucius and Chunqiu kouyi.

Character achievement

Teaching and educating

Hu Yuan devoted his whole life to education. He has been teaching in Taizhou, Suzhou, Huzhou and the Imperial College of Beijing for about 30 years. There are no less than thousands of people educated and he has made great contributions to the cause of education.

Hu Yuan's educational thoughts and teaching methods are characteristic and pioneering, worthy of being a great master. His achievements in educational theory and practice have been tested by a thousand years of history and are still shining. Generally speaking, there are eight aspects

Pay attention to education

Hu Yuan in "Songzi County Learning Records" in the beginning said: "to the rule of the world in talent, to become the world's talent in education, education in the school."

Starting from the political purpose of "governing the world", he revealed the internal relationship among talents, education and schools, and put forward his own unique views

First, why should we attach importance to education? Hu Yuan believes that the key to a good governance of the country lies in talents, who should be trained through education.

Second, how to run education well? In his view, first, to "learn from Confucianism", that is, to manage and engage in education in the way of Confucius and Mencius; second, to popularize education to the "people"; third, to set up schools by the local chief executive. In the feudal society, the people are in a state of powerless, the supervision mechanism within the feudal regime is nominal, and the political morality and cultural quality of officials at all levels are closely related to the quality of official administration and the burden of the people. Therefore, it is of practical significance to cultivate real talents for the long-term stability of the feudal society.

In the early period of Northern Song Dynasty, education was not popular and customs were thin. At that time, the imperial examination system advocated the pomp of voice and temperament, and used poetry and Fu to draw soil. There was a general social atmosphere of "seeking wealth and profit", ignoring "education" and valuing "selecting scholars", and there were no schools in various places. In order to cultivate qualified talents for governance, Hu Yuan believed that it is necessary to establish "Dun" system

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