Zhang Tianxi

Zhang Tianxi

Zhang Tianxi (346-406) was born in Wushi county (now Pingliang City, Gansu Province) of Anding county. He was the grandson of Zhang Gui, the king of Liangwu, the grandson of Zhang Shi, the king of Liangming, the son of Zhang Jun, the king of Liangwen, the younger brother of Zhang Zuo, the king of Liangwei and Zhang Chonghua, the king of Lianghuan.

In the seventh year of Shengping (363), Zhang Tianxi launched a coup and killed Zhang Xuanliang to succeed him. In the twentieth year of Shengping (376), he returned to the former Qin Dynasty and Qianliang perished. Fu Jian first built a house for Zhang Tianxi. After Zhang Tianxi arrived, he became the minister and was granted the title of Yihou.

In the second year of Yixi (406), Zhang Tianxi died of illness in Jiankang. He was 61 years old, and his posthumous title was mourning for his father.

Life of the characters

Assist the government

Zhang Tianxi, whose name is Duhuo, is the youngest son of Zhang Jun, the former king of Liangwen. Zhang Tianxi's first word was gong Chungu. Later, when he met the emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, people laughed at him for three words, so he changed his word to Chungu.

In the first year of Heping (354), Zhang Tianxi's elder brother, Zhang Zuo, the former king of Liang Wei, was granted the title of king of Changning.

In the second year of Heping (355), Zhang Zuo was killed and Zhang Xuanliang, the son of Zhang Chonghua, the former king of Lianghuan, the elder brother of Zhang Tianxi, succeeded to the throne. In September of the 49th year of Jianxing (361), Yousi Ma Zhang Yong hated song Cheng for his sole power, so he attacked song Cheng and killed him. His family was also destroyed. Zhang Xuanliang appointed Zhang Yong as the central guard and Zhang Tianxi as the central leader to assist the government.

Abolishing the dictatorship of Yong

Zhang Yong was arrogant and arrogant. He indulged in sadism, netted friends, was good at government, and abused punishment and killing. So Zhang Tianxi and his confidant Liu Su secretly planned to eradicate Zhang Yong.

In November of the fifth year of Shengping (361), Zhang Tianxi and Zhang Yong entered the court together. Liu Su and Zhao Baiju followed Zhang Tianxi. Zhang Yong was in front of the palace gate. Liu Su attacked Zhang Yong, but failed. Zhao Baiju then attacked again, but failed. They entered the palace together with Zhang Tianxi. Zhang Yong was able to escape and led more than 300 armored soldiers to attack the palace gate. Zhang Tianxi went up to the roof and yelled: "Zhang Yong is vicious and rebellious. He has killed song Cheng and wants to overthrow our family. How can you have the heart to aim your weapons at me, for you are my ministers from generation to generation? Now I want to capture only Zhang Yong. No one else will pursue him! " So all Zhang Yong's soldiers ran away. Zhang Yong committed suicide and died. Zhang Tianxi wiped out Zhang Yong's family and party. Zhang Xuanliang appointed Zhang Tianxi as envoy Chijie, champion general, and commander in chief of Chinese and foreign military affairs to assist the government. Since then, Zhang Tianxi has been in charge of the government.

Usurping the throne

In August of the seventh year of Shengping (363), Ma Shi, the grandmother of Zhang Xuanliang, died and honored her concubine Guo as her imperial concubine. Because Zhang Tianxi was expert in government, Guo and his minister Zhang Qin planned to kill him. When the matter leaked, Zhang Qin and others all committed suicide. Zhang Xuanliang is very afraid and wants to give up the throne to Zhang Tianxi. Zhang Tianxi doesn't accept it. Right general Liu Su and others urged Zhang Tianxi to become king. In August of the same year, Zhang Tianxi asked Liu Su and others to take advantage of the night to break into the palace and kill Zhang Xuanliang. Zhang Tianxi claimed to be an envoy to Chijie, a governor of Dadu, a general, a herdsman of Liangzhou, and a Duke of Xiping. Honor mother Liu Meiren as princess. Sima lunqian was sent to Jiankang, the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with the memorial to ask for instructions. At the same time, he sent Yushi Yu back to Jiankang.

In the 10th year of Shengping (366), the Eastern Jin Dynasty issued an imperial edict to appoint Zhang Tianxi as the general, the governor of Dadu, the governor of Guanzhong in Longyou, the captain of protecting Qiang, the governor of Liangzhou, and the Duke of Xiping.

Back from defeat

When Zhang Xuanliang was in power, Li Yan of Longxi rebelled against Liang's separatist regime. In the 11th year of Shengping (367), Zhang Tianxi personally went to fight against Li Yan. He was appointed as the vanguard and former general of the prison, and attacked Jincheng. The Prime Minister of Jin Xingxiang used to make Chijie and Zhengdong generals attack zuonan. Guerrilla General Zhang Tong came out of the white soil. Zhang Tianxi personally led 30000 people to Cangsong to attack Li Yan. Li Yan was defeated and retreated to Wuhan. He sent his son Li Chun to seek help from Fujian of Qin Dynasty. Fu Jian sent his ministry Wang Meng to rescue. Zhang Tianxi was defeated, two thirds of the dead. Wang Meng wrote to Zhang Tianxi to persuade him to withdraw. After receiving Wang Meng's letter, Zhang Tianxi withdrew and returned. In the same year, Zhang Dahuai was made his son.

Qianliang perishes

At that time, Fu Jian was powerful and often attacked. There was no time for the army to stop. Zhang Tianxi was very afraid, so he built an altar to kill animals. He led the general Zhang Ning and the backbone General Ma Rui of the Dian army to make an alliance with sangongyao of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He wrote a letter to Ma Huanwen, the chief minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and agreed to make a pledge in the summer of the 15th year of Shengping (371). Han Bo and Kang Miao, the general of Fenjie, were sent to play the seal and deliver the oath of alliance.

In the summer of the sixth year of Xian'an (376), the former Qin Dynasty formally used troops against Qianliang. Gou Chang, Mao Sheng, Liang Xi, Yao Chang and others led 130000 infantry and cavalry troops to the west of the river. As soon as the former army came out, Fu Jian sent troops from Gouchi, Li Bian and Wang Tong to take Qin, he and Liang states as successors. At the same time, Fu Jian sent Yan negative and Liang Shu as envoys to Liangzhou to instruct Zhang Tianxi to surrender. Zhang Tianxi discussed with his officials where to go. Xi Xi, a member of the central recording Bureau, said: "since the former Duke had the old rules, he can wait for the opportunity to think about the changes later. This is sun Zhongmou's strategy of being able to stretch and bend." They all thought Xi was old and timid, and said, "general long da da (as Ma Jian), who led 10000 troops to resist the enemy, will not dare to enter." Zhang Tianxi then killed Yan negative and Liang Shu. Zhang Tianxi sent General Ma Jian of Long Yi to lead 20000 troops to meet the former Qin army.

The former Qin Dynasty heard that Zhang Tianxi had killed Yan negative and Liang Shu. In August, Liang Xi, Yao Chang, Wang Tong and Li Bian crossed the river from Shijin in the Qing Dynasty. Before the attack of Hehui City, Liang Ji, General Liang Xiaolie, subdued him. Jiashen and Gou Chang crossed the river from Shicheng and joined Liang Xi to attack and capture the city. Ma Jian is afraid and retreats from Yang Fei to qingsai. Zhang Tianxi also sent General Chang Zheng to lead 30000 troops to Hongchi. Zhang Tianxi led 50000 troops to Jinchang city. Song Hao, the general of Anxi, suggested Zhang Tianxi surrender to the former Qin Dynasty. Zhang Tianxi was angry and demoted song Hao as Xuanwei guard. Xin Zhang, the governor of Guangwu, said: "Ma Jian is out of the line of duty and will not be used by the state. "Gou Chang sent Yao Chang to lead 3000 soldiers as the vanguard. Geng Yin and Ma Jian led ten thousand people to surrender to the Qin army, and the rest of the soldiers fled. Xin Mao, Gou Chang and Chang Ju fought in Hongchi. Chang Ju was defeated, and the horse was killed by random soldiers. Dong Ru, the subordinate of Chang Ju, gave the horse to Chang Ju. Chang Ju took off his armor, kowtowed to the west, and committed suicide with his sword. The Qin army killed the Military Secretary Xi Lu. At Guisi, Qin soldiers attacked qingsai, and Zhang Tianxi sent Zhao chongzhe to lead the troops to fight. The Qin soldiers fought with Zhao chongzhe on the red bank. The Qin army defeated Zhao chongzhe. The Qin army captured and chopped him to 38000 levels, and Zhao chongzhe died. Zhang Tianxi went out of the city to fight in person, and rebelled in the city. Zhang Tianxi and thousands of cyclists raced back to guzang. In the Jiawu period, Qin soldiers arrived at guzang, and Zhang Tianxi came out. Gou Chang sent Zhang Tianxi to Chang'an. The counties of Liangzhou were all descended to Qin. The former Liang regime perished. Fu Jian first built a house for Zhang Tianxi. After Zhang Tianxi came, he was appointed as the minister and was granted the title of Marquis Yi.

GUI Jin died

In the eighth year of the Taiyuan Dynasty (383), Fu Jian sent troops to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty, that is, the battle of Feishui, and appointed Zhang Tianxi as the commander of Fu Rong's expedition to the south. After Fu Jian's defeat in the battle of Feishui, Zhang Tianxi surrendered to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the Eastern Jin court issued an imperial edict to appoint Zhang Tianxi as the official of Sanqi Changshi and Zuo Yuanwai, restoring the title of Xiping Jungong. Soon, Zhang Tianxi was granted the title of doctor Jin ziguanglu.

Zhang Tianxi has a literary talent since he was a child and is well-known far and near. After arriving at the imperial court of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was well received. Most of the officials in the DPRK and China slandered him together because he was a prisoner of subjugation. Sima Daozi, the king of Kuaiji, once asked him about western specialties. Zhang Tianxi replied, "mulberry is sweet, owl's voice changes when it's eaten; cheese is nourishing, and people don't feel jealous when it's eaten." Later, the spirit of confusion, although the title, no longer regarded as the same column. In the first year of Long'an (397), Sima Yuanxian, the son of Kuaiji, was in power. He was often called in to make fun of him. Because his family was poor, he was granted the title of the governor of Lujiang. When Huan Xuan usurped power, he wanted to appease the four distant places, so he used Zhang Tianxi to protect the commander of Qiang and the governor of Liangzhou. In 406, Zhang Tianxi died at the age of 61. The posthumous title was "mourning".

Main achievements

Politics

After Zhang Tianxi succeeded to the throne, he became dissolute and ignored political affairs. At the beginning, Anding Liangjing and Dunhuang Liusu were friendly and intimate with Zhang Tianxi since childhood. Liu Su and Liang Jing contributed to the killing of Zhang Yong. Zhang Tianxi was very grateful to them. He gave them the surname of Zhang and changed their words to treat them as his sons. Zhang Tianxi and other scholars all use the word "Da", so Liang Jing is called Dayi and Liu Su is called Dacheng. He also abolished his son Zhang Dahuai as gaochanggong and changed his beloved son Zhang Dayu into his son. Liang Jing and Liu Su all participated in political affairs. People resent and fear, and his cousin, Zhang Xian, is engaged in Zhonglang's deep admonition, but he doesn't listen to it.

International Relations

In the winter of the 10th year of Shengping (366), Zhang Tianxi sent envoys to the frontier of the former Qin Dynasty to tell the former Qin to sever diplomatic relations with him.

Character evaluation

The book of Jin: "tin tin has few literary talents, and has a good reputation." "Tin is a waste of color and voice, not caring for political affairs."

"Wei Shu" said: "tin pride wantonly obscene faint, do not care about civil affairs."

Anecdotes and allusions

After Zhang Tianxi succeeded to the throne, he frequently held banquets in the garden pond, and his political affairs were quite deserted. Zhang Tianxi replied: "I'm not good at traveling, but I get income from traveling. If you look at the flowers in the morning, you can respect those with outstanding talents; if you play with Chilan, you will like virtuous officials; if you see pine and bamboo, you will miss virtuous sages; if you face the clear water, you will value integrity; if you look at the spreading weeds, you will hate corrupt officials; if you encounter the wind, you will hate vicious and cunning people

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Tian Xi