Sun Kaihua

Sun Kaihua

Sun Kaihua (1840-1893) was born in Cili, Hunan Province. Xianfeng joined the army and suppressed the Taiping Army and Nien army. When he moved to Jiangxi, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces, he was given the title of "Zhuoyong batulu" and was transferred to the governor. At the beginning of Guangxu period, he successively served as the general of Zhangzhou Town, Fujian Province, and the land commander. He enlisted courage to become a victorious army. He governed the defense of Xiamen and Taipei. He used to use troops in Houshan area. During the Sino French war, he was stationed in Huwei, Taiwan, defeated the French invaders and wiped out more than 2000 enemies. He was appointed to the world and helped Taiwan's military affairs. He died in the 19th year of Guangxu.

Life of the characters

Sun Kaihua, the defending General of Taiwan in the late Qing Dynasty, was a hero of resisting France. The word GengTang, Hunan Cili people.

In 1838, he was born in a poor family in Shima village, Lingyang Town, Cili County (now Zhangjiajie City). Three brothers, he's second. His father died early, and his youth began to develop. He took shaving as his career, but he was strong and brave.

In 1856, he joined the army of Hunan, Bao Chao, and was promoted to the chief of Zhangzhou town.

In 1873, he ordered to govern Xiamen coastal defense, enlisted courage to form a victorious army, went to Taipei and su'ao to set up the mountain, and issued an imperial edict to Fujian land governor.

In 1876, he led his division to Dongdu, dunkeelung, Gubei Road. The Houshan society rebelled against the impermanence and led the troops to conquer it.

In 1878, He Jing, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, made it easy for him to act. Then he attacked the back of the mountain, and all the societies were even.

In 1879, he returned to Taiwan in autumn, and returned to office in 1883 to run the defense of Taipei.

In 1884, the legal person committed a crime in Taiwan, and Liu Mingchuan knew his strategy and called for the end of Shanghai. The French army will land and intercept from night to noon. There are more than 2000 people in the first place, and they are legal persons. After entering Beijing, he was rewarded with a job in the world, and he helped to run the military affairs. The agreement was made, and the governor was appointed as his own official.

He died of illness in 1893 and was posthumously named Zhuangwu.

Related people

Sun Yihua, a martyr of the late Qing Dynasty, was the leader of the national army. Sun daoren, the second son of sun Kaihua, participated in the anti French war with his father in his early years and made contributions to resisting foreign humiliation. During the revolution of 1911, he led the Fujian uprising and was elected as the governor of Fujian Province. He was awarded the rank of lieutenant general and general in the army of the Republic of China. Zhang Xiurong, the eldest daughter-in-law of sun Kaihua, was a national hero who fought against Japan and protected Taiwan in the late Qing Dynasty. Hu Junde, sun Kaihua, Wu Jinshi, died in the anti French war.

Character evaluation

Sun Kaihua is one of the 100 national heroes in modern Chinese history. In the Qing Dynasty, in order to defend Taiwan, protect the Chinese people from being bullied by outsiders, and fight for the territorial integrity of the motherland, sun Kaihua launched a bloody battle with the Japanese pirates. The Danshui war against the French army led by him was the only war that won a complete victory in the late Qing Dynasty. He founded the "sparrow war" and the "sparrow war" "Guerrilla warfare" and the example of "winning more with less, winning the strong with the weak" had a great influence in military history. He composed a song of triumph with his blood and life, which shocked the whole world.

Main achievements

Great victory in Huwei

Sino French war

In 1883, when the Sino French war broke out, sun Kaihua was ordered to lead the three victorious battalions to cross Taiwan and preside over the defense of Taipei. In the 10th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the French invaders invaded Taiwan. At that time, Huai General Liu Mingchuan presided over Taiwan's military and political affairs in the rank of governor. Liu Suzhi's brave strategy of opening up China ordered him to lead his army to defend Huwei (now Taiwan's Danshui), which was the barrier of Taipei. Kaihua mobilized soldiers, built fortifications, strengthened training, and was ready to attack the enemy at any time. When the enemy's situation is tense, Kaihua "leads the army to lie in the coastal forest day and night, sleeps in the open on the windy night, and dares not rest less.".

At the beginning of October, the deputy commander of the Far East fleet of the French army, Mr. Lishi, had eight warships approaching Huwei, and had submitted to the engagement. Kaihua calmly deployed to meet the challenge, personally boarded the fort and took command, waiting for the night. In the early morning of the next day, when the French warship arrived, Kaihua made a preemptive attack and ordered to launch artillery to defeat the enemy. However, the French ship was shot in front of Kaihua seat, but fortunately it didn't explode, so it was still in command. During the fierce battle, the two fortresses of the Qing army were damaged to varying degrees, and more than 30 soldiers were killed. Hu Junde was shot and killed. Kaihua personally washed the body with blood and offered sacrifices with tears. The soldiers were deeply moved. Kaihua saw that his morale was high, so he plotted with the generals and said, "if our army takes the whole brigade as the enemy's artillery fire, it will be lucky to win, and the elite will also be injured. It's not like breaking the whole into parts, fighting for each other, fighting for the benefit of each other, fighting separately and jointly, and reducing casualties, then we can defeat the enemy." So the soldiers were organized into "sparrows" and carried out guerrilla tactics. The next day, the French army swarmed to land under the cover of superior artillery fire. The officers and men of the Qing army were not afraid of the strong enemy, stopped their heads to meet and fought with short arms. Kaihua took the lead in the battle by cutting the enemy soldiers and holding the flag officer. The morale of the officers and men of the Qing army was greatly boosted. "The soldiers are all one hundred. They fight hand in hand, and the voice of the world is shaking." More than 300 French troops were captured, which shocked the fighting spirit of the French army. The French army was defeated and fled one after another. It was impossible to drown the dead in the sea. The French army took the loss of the flag as a great disgrace and rushed to flee. The Qing army won a complete victory and achieved a historic "great victory in Huwei". After the war, the French aggressors lamented: "this failure has made the whole fleet frustrated", "our losses are very serious", and they have to express admiration and admiration for the Qing army's fearlessness and the spirit of United Combat: "the Chinese people have shown great courage and tenacity in this battle, and this quality is usually not recognized by people." It should be said that the real reason for the shameful failure of the aggressor was that the vast number of patriotic officers and men looked at death as if they were at home and fought bravely and tenaciously. As the main commander of the battle of Huwei, sun Kaihua's contribution to resisting France and protecting Taiwan will always be recorded in the glorious history of the Chinese nation's resistance to foreign invaders.

According to the comments of later generations, sun Kaihua's battle in Huwei was the main contribution to the use of troops on the sea since the Qing Dynasty's foreign aggression. From then on, the French army did not dare to invade Taiwan, and Kaihua was promoted to governor of Fujian Province. They traveled between Fujian and Taiwan and devoted themselves to construction. In 1893, sun Kaihua died of illness in Huwei, Taipei. For such a Hunan man who resisted foreign aggression and made great contributions to the protection of Taiwan, the treasure island of the motherland, we should always remember him.

Tanshui landing

After the French army occupied Keelung for the first time, the Qing army strengthened the defense of Tanshui: wooden boats filled with stones blocked the port, electric mines were laid, and two new forts were built on the north bank to block the beach and harbor together with the original forts. At 6:30 a.m. on October 2, the Danshui garrison took advantage of the fact that the French warship was against the sun and could not be aimed, and the enemy fired first to bombard the French warship. After a fierce battle, there was damage to each other, and the enemy did not dare to land. That night, libris sent small boats into the harbor for reconnaissance and mine clearance, and one of them was injured by a mine. According to the reconnaissance report, libris determined that the mine ignition station was on the east side of the white fort, so he ordered the Marines to sneak attack and detonate the mine with the camera to open the channel. On October 4, the isolated ships rushed from Keelung, increasing the number of French ships in the fresh water sea to seven, namely, the armored ship "La galizania" and "triumphal", the cruiser "Renault", "Dujus Lewin" and "Destan", the gunboat "Viper" and the transport ship "Dan". The number of Marines attacking Tamsui has also increased to more than 600. At 9 o'clock on October 8, the French warship fired grenades at the North Bank of Tanshui, slamming the garrison positions and barracks to cover the landing of the Marines in three routes within an hour. After landing, he went straight to the white fort without resistance. After the enemy approached, sun Kaihua, commander in chief of the garrison, led two battalions to intercept from the front, and ordered the troops ambushed behind hongpaotai mountain to kill from the right wing to encircle and annihilate the enemy. At about 12 o'clock, sun Kaihua led the soldiers to rush into the enemy's line and fight hand to hand. Patriotic artist Zhang Licheng and the militia also came to the war and intercepted from behind. The French were defeated and fled to the sea. The defenders are in hot pursuit. The enemy soldiers fought for crossing and drowned many people.

In the Tanshui landing war, 66 French soldiers died and 14 were captured, and the defenders gained many spoils. After that, the French army did not dare to send more troops to land except for the warships' surveillance of fresh water. On October 23, the French army announced the blockade of Taiwan from the sea. French ships patrol the sea from suwo in the north to oluanbi in the south, in an attempt to trap Taiwan's soldiers and civilians.

fight north and south

Sun Kaihua, a native of Cili, Hunan Province, is a native of GengTang. Shao Congjun, from Bao to Jiangxi, fought in xiaochikou, Jiujiang, and injured his right arm. Aid Hubei, and be created again. In the battle of Chiyi, he defeated the enemy and kept his guard. At the beginning of Tongzhi, he moved to Anhui and Jiangxi provinces and moved to deputy general. Kejurong, Jintan, give the title of Zhuyong batulu. Jinxi, Nanfeng, Xincheng, Ningdu, Ruijin were attacked by the second time, and then the Jin general. In Guangdong, Jiaying was in chaos, and Huang shazhang was defeated. More than 100000 of them were demoted. They were promoted to governor for five years. In the autumn, I went to my office. Governor Wen Yu was tired and recommended his talents.

In the 13th year, governor Li Zongxi ruled the river defense and set up tingqing and Tinghui camps. Xiamen was confronted with Taiwan and Pengzhou, and was ordered to rule Xiamen coastal defense. He was recruited to become a victorious army. He went to Taipei and su'ao to set up the mountain. He was the land commander of the biogas department.

Three victories on the 9th

In the second year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he led his division to the East, ascended Keelung and went to Gubei Road. At that time, after the mountain a Mian, Na Na she fan pan Fu Mi Heng, Kai Hua led the Department to arrive at Guang'ao, measure the terrain, observe fan situation, and enter the jellyfish Ding. Fierce fan fenlu to meet and refuse, open China's army fierce battle, the array cut several people, the rest defeated. The teacher enters Gao Jian, and goes straight to the nest. Kui fan was merged into a Mian, and its ground water was turbulent. Towering and craggy hillock, battery staggered, prepare for the Olympic resistance. Kaihua bombarded him with rockets, then attacked him by a roundabout way. He was scared away and captured his chief horse, waist soldier and other owls in the city. Three victories in nine days, discussing merit and appreciating yellow mandarin jacket. In the fourth year, the general of tingqing army, song Guoyong, died. Kaihua took over the whole army. He would add Liwan and jinlaoyepan. According to quezicheng, the division could not attack. He Jing, the governor, ordered Kaihua to enter the new town by military means, which was convenient for him to act. Kaihuafu warship enters Zihua

Chinese PinYin : Sun Kai Hua