Duanzong of Song Dynasty

Zhao Shi

Zhao Shi (from July 10, 1269 to May 8, 1278), a native of Qiantang County, Lin'an prefecture (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province), was the 17th emperor of the Song Dynasty (from June 14, 1276 to May 8, 1278), and one of the three emperors at the end of the Song Dynasty.

Zhao Shi was the eldest son of duzong in Song Dynasty, the eldest brother of emperor Gongdi of Song Dynasty and Emperor Zhaomin of the end of Song Dynasty. He was once named Jianguo Gong, Jiwang and Yiwang. In the second year of Deyou's reign (June 14, 1276), he was made emperor and changed to Yuan Jingyan. His mother, Yang Shufei, was granted the title of Empress Dowager. In 1278, Jingyan died in qiaozhou and was buried in yongfuling. He was only nine years old. His temple name was duanzong, and his posthumous title was Emperor Zhaowu of Yuwen (or emperor Ruiwen Yingwu of Xiaogong and renyuci).

Life experience

Early experience

Zhao Shi was the eldest son of song duzong and the eldest brother of song Gongdi. On February 4, 1276, when the yuan army conquered Lin'an (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province), the five-year-old song Gongdi and the Empress Dowager Xie Daoqing were captured one after another.

On the eve of the surrender of Lin'an City, Zhao Shi, king of Yi, and Zhao Min, king of Guang, were escorted out of the city by Yang Zhen, the emperor's son-in-law's Duwei, and Yang Liangjie, his uncle. They fled to Wuzhou (now Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province), and then to Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, which preserved a trace of blood for the Zhao and Song dynasties. Since then, Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu have led the remnant to Wenzhou Jiangxin temple. Empress Dowager Xie once called on all the troops to serve the king in Lin'an. Only Zhang Shijie generously attended the meeting, which shocked the imperial court. Zhang Shijie was a representative of the main battle faction in the late Southern Song Dynasty. He was a lobbyist after Bian Biao was demoted to the Yuan Dynasty. Zhang Shijie was so angry that his tongue was cut off and dragged to JINZI mountain to kill him.

Ascend the throne for the Emperor

Wen Tianxiang and Lu Xiufu decided to follow the story of song Gaozong, and supported Zhao Shi as the marshal of the military capital of the world, and Zhao Min as the deputy marshal. A few days later, Zhao Shi and his entourage came to Fuzhou from Jiangxin temple. On May 1, 1276 (June 14, 1276), they became emperor of song duanzong, changed Yuan Dynasty to Jingyan, and granted Zhao Min the title of King Wei, Zhang Shijie the Deputy envoy to the Privy Council, Wen Tianxiang the right prime minister and the Privy Council Affairs, and Lu Xiufu the Privy Council Affairs.

At this time, some parts of the world were still in the hands of the song people. Fuzhou in Fujian, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Chuzhou in Zhejiang (now Lishui City in Zhejiang Province), Guangzhou and Nanxiong in Guangdong, Yangzhou, Zhenzhou (now Yizheng City in Jiangsu Province) and TongZhou (now Nantong City in Jiangsu Province) to the north of the Yangtze River were still firmly guarded. Although most of Sichuan had fallen into the hands of the yuan army, the mountain cities such as Diaoyu City and Lingxiao city still insisted on resisting Yuan. There were about 200000 troops in the Song Dynasty. If they were properly commanded, the outcome would not be known. However, the monarchs and ministers of the Song Dynasty hoped that the yuan army would retreat just like the Jin soldiers who chased song Gaozong. They could not bear the hot and humid weather in the South and gave the Song Dynasty a chance to breathe or even revive, so they gave way step by step. However, they obviously underestimated the Yuan people. Emperor duanzong of the Song Dynasty issued an imperial edict to Yangzhou garrison generals Li Tingzhi and Jiang CAI to serve as king of Fuzhou. Li Tingzhi ordered huaidong Deputy envoy Zhu Huan to guard the city. He and Jiang Cai led 7000 song troops to the south. Unexpectedly, as soon as they left the city, Zhu Huan surrendered. Li Tingzhi was besieged in Taizhou. The yuan army drove the song army's wife and children from Yangzhou city to Taizhou city. For a moment, there were endless wails under the city. Seeing this, the song army had no intention to fight again and surrendered. Jiang CAI was seriously ill in bed and was sent to Yangzhou with Li Tingzhi to be killed.

After the fall of Yangzhou, Zhenzhou and TongZhou were lost one after another. The Song Dynasty lost its last stronghold to the north of the Yangtze River. There was no hope for Li Tingzhi to go northward. It was undoubtedly a wrong move. Under the oppression of Yuan army, Song Dynasty fled south step by step. Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Chaozhou, Huizhou Because of the fear of losing the city, the monarchs and ministers of the Song Dynasty spent most of their time on the sea. The soldiers were far away from their native land, and their families were displaced.

Duanzong is the eldest son of duzongshu, and his mother is the lady Yang of duzongshu. After the death of duzong, Empress Dowager Xie called Jia Sidao and others to the palace to discuss the establishment of an heir. Most of the officials thought that the old rules should be abandoned during the war. Zhao Shi was the eldest son of duzong and should be made emperor. However, in order to control the government, Jia Sidao advocated the establishment of private power. As a result, Zhao Xun was made emperor and Zhao Shi was appointed King Ji.

He died of illness

In December 1277, the second year of Jingyan (1277), song duanzong fled to Xiushan. When he heard that Guangzhou was lost, he retreated to Jingao (now Nanhai middle of Zhongshan City) in confusion. A hurricane suddenly appeared on the sea. The fleet of Song Dynasty was blown to pieces, and song duanzong fell into the water, so he became ill. More than 40% of the soldiers of the Song Dynasty died in the hurricane. Just after the hurricane, Yuan General Liu Shen led his troops to attack again. Zhang Shijie was defeated and fled to the Seven Star Ocean. The song army lost more than 200 ships in this battle, and even song duanzong's uncle was captured.

As the yuan army approached, they had to flee to qiaozhou (today's Zhanjiang Island). Duanzong of the Song Dynasty suffered from many bumps, and was also shocked and sick. In 1278, song duanzong, a nine-year-old, died on the desolate island of qiaozhou (now the island of qiaozhou in Zhanjiang, Guangdong). Buried in Yongfu Mausoleum (today's Lantau Island, Hong Kong). There are two posthumous titles, "Tongjian Jishi Ben Mo · Volume 88" recorded as emperor Zhaowu of Yuwen. In addition, the complete works of Wen Tianxiang, Volume 17, chronicle, and the records of Ya mountain by Huang Chun are the emperors of filial piety, benevolence, benevolence, sage, Rui, Wen Yingwu and diligent administration. According to the posthumous title of the emperor of the Song Dynasty, it seems that Yu Wen, Zhao Wu and Xiao emperor are more standard, and conform to the interpretation of the posthumous title law.

member of family

parent

Father: Song duzong Zhao Yi

Mother: Yang Shufei

brothers and sisters

Zhao Zhuo, the good king of Guangchong: his mother is unknown and died young.

Zhao Shu: born to empress Quan, she died the year after her father song duzong ascended the throne.

Zhao Xian, Duke of Chongding in Yiguo: born by Yu Xiurong, he died in the year after his father song duzong ascended the throne.

Zhao Ying, King Jing of Qichong: the same mother, died young.

Emperor Gongdi of song: born of empress Quan.

Zhao Min, emperor of the late Song Dynasty: born of Yu Xiurong.

Princess of Jin: same mother. Lost at sea.

Princess Xin'an: her posthumous title is Zhuang Yi, and her birth mother is unknown.

Chinese PinYin : Song Duan Zong