Uncle Cao

Cao shuzhenduo

Cao shuzhenduo, surnamed Ji, is the sixth son born to Jichang and Taisi, King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, and the mother and brother of Jifa, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty. He is the first emperor of the state of Cao in the Zhou Dynasty.

King Wu of Zhou granted his younger brother shuzhenduo to the state of Cao, the capital of Taoqiu (now Dingtao in Shandong). It is located in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qilu in the East, Heji in the north and Jianghuai in the south, which is called "the middle of the world" in Sima Qian's historical records. Shuzhenduo was deeply loved by the common people during his reign. After his death, the prince ascended the throne for Cao Taibo.

Life of the characters

Ten brothers

Cao shuzhenduo, surnamed Ji, is the sixth son of Jichang, King Wen of Zhou Dynasty < / sub > brother of Jifa, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty. < sub > "the fifth member of Guancai family in Shiji Volume 35:" Uncle Cao Zhenduo is the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou. " < / sub > Cao shuzhenduo's mother's name is Tai Si, surnamed Si. She is a descendant of Xia Yu. She is the daughter of Shen's tribe and the wife of King Wen of Zhou. Taisi was industrious in running his family and abided by women's principles, so he was known as wenmu. He Taisi and King Wen of Zhou gave birth to ten sons, namely, the eldest son boyikao, the second son Jifa, King Wu of Zhou, the third son Guan Shuxian, the fourth son Zhou GongDan, the fifth son Cai Shudu, the sixth son Cao shuzhenduo, the seventh son Ying Shuwu, the eighth son huoshuchu, the ninth son Kang Shufeng and the tenth son ran jizai. Ten brothers have been taught by their mother, Dasi, since childhood, so they have never done anything against common sense or absurd.

Guard King Wu

After the death of King Wen of Zhou, his elder brother boyikao died early, so his second elder brother King Wu of Zhou succeeded him. In the 11th year of King Wu of Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC), King Wu of Zhou attacked the Shang Dynasty and defeated the Shang army in the battle of Muye. Emperor Xin of the Shang Dynasty burned himself to death and the Shang Dynasty perished. On the next day, Cao shuzhenduo led the guard of honor chariot of King Wu of Zhou, and escorted King Wu of Zhou into the capital of Shang with Duke Dan of Zhou and Duke Zhao. The fourth chapter of zhoubenji in Shiji says: "Uncle Zhenduo of King Wu served Chen changche, Duke Dan of Zhou took the big Yue, and Duke Bi took the small Yue to clip King Wu." < / sub > in Shangdu shrine. After offering sacrifices to heaven and earth, King Wu of Zhou ascended the throne and established the political power of Zhou Dynasty, which is called Western Zhou Dynasty in history.

Opening up Xinjiang and establishing a country

In order to consolidate the political power and implement the system of enfeoffment, King Wu of Zhou granted the meritorious officials, clansmen and the descendants of the sages and granted uncle Zhenduo the sixth brother in the state of Cao < / sub > he was a earl, and his capital was Taoqiu (today's Shandong Dingtao). After the death of Cao shuzhenduo, his eldest son PI succeeded to the throne for Cao Taibo. Cao Guofan lived for more than six hundred years and died. His descendants took the state as their surname and Cao shuzhenduo as their ancestor.

Political initiatives

During his reign, Cao shuzhenduo observed the people's situation, cherished the people, implemented light corvee and meager taxes, advised the people to cut off hills and flat depressions, build homes, drain water and divert water, and cultivate wasteland. Shu Zhenduo paid attention to farming and mulberry, taught the people about propriety and righteousness, practiced honesty and disgrace, and widely practiced Zhou rites. So that those who are extravagant are frugal and simple, those who are bad are kind, and those who are vulgar and honest. Men farm and women weave, and they have enough food and clothing to live and work in peace and contentment. Later generations praised that "the people of Duojiao have the law, which is the saint of Kaijiang."

Anecdotes

Cao shezhimou: after Cao Boyang, a descendant of Shu Zhenduo, succeeded Cao Jun, he ignored political affairs and liked hunting. In the third year of caoboyang (499 BC), the people of the state of Cao dreamed that the kings of the past dynasties were standing in the social palace offering sacrifices to the God of earth, discussing the destruction of the state of Cao. In the dream, Cao shuzhenduo stopped them and asked them to wait for a man named gongsunqiang to appear before they took action, so everyone agreed. After daybreak, the dreamer tried to look for the capital of the state of Cao, but failed to find a man named Gongsun Qiang. The dreamer warned his son, "after my death, if you hear that Gongsun Qiang is in power, you must leave the state of Cao, and do not encounter the disaster caused by the destruction of the state of Cao." Later, Cao Boyang appointed a man named Gongsun Qiang. Mengren's son fled from the state of Cao, and soon the state of Cao was destroyed. Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, thinks that Cao Shuzhen duo's dream of stopping the kings and waiting for Gongsun Qiang's appearance to destroy the state of Cao is not to extend the state of Cao's throne 。

Historical evaluation

Sima Zhen's historical records of Suoyin: "Boyang dream society, Zuo Qing Zhenduo."

Historical records

Zuozhuan, the 28th year of Yugong, Shiji, Volume 4, zhoubenji, Shiji, Volume 35, Guancai family, No.5

Family members

parent

Father: Zhou Wenwang mother: Tai Si

brother

Elder brother: Bo Yi Kao; second brother: King Wu of Zhou; third brother: Guan Shuxian; fourth brother: Zhou GongDan; fifth brother: Cai Shudu; seventh brother: Zhu Shuwu; eighth brother: Huo Shuchu; Ninth brother: Wei Kang; tenth brother: ran jizai; Mao Shuzheng; Gao; Yong; Teng; bi Gonggao; yuan; Feng; Ying

Wife and concubine

Imperial concubine: Mrs. Yin; imperial concubine: Mrs. Si; second wife: Mrs. Lu

Son

Eldest son: Cao Taibo, succeeding the monarch of Cao state. Second son: Bian Shutian, the first monarch of Bian state.

Commemoration of later generations

After the death of Cao shuzhenduo, people remember that they built temples on the top of Dingtao imitation tombs to pray for the people's good weather, good harvest and peace. According to historical records, March 28 of the lunar calendar is the day to commemorate Cao shuzhenduo. According to legend, the great prince was respected by the people and moved the Dragon King of the East China Sea. He spread clouds in the incense smoke on the memorial day and rained in tears to bring good luck to the people of the world. Fangshan tombs, located 6 kilometers north of Dingtao County, Shandong Province, are the tombs of the kings of Cao state in the Zhou Dynasty. The tombs were buried from Shu Zhenduo to Cao Boyang. It is a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level. Fangshan temple has a long history. It was built by the ancestors in memory of Cao Shu Zhenduo. The core area covers an area of 58 mu, with a construction area of 1000 square meters. In 1997, in accordance with the relevant national policies and regulations, through rectification, it was officially listed as a place for Taoist cultural activities.

Chinese PinYin : Cao Shu