Tan Yuanchun

Tan Yuanchun

Tan Yuanchun (1586-1637) was born in Jingling, Huguang (now Tianmen City, Hubei Province). He was named Youxia, huwan and suowan. Ming Dynasty litterateur, tianqijian County examination first, and Tongli Zhongxing are both the founders of Jingling School. This paper attaches great importance to the spirit, opposes the imitation of the ancient, and advocates the deep and lonely style. His works are also rare, esoteric and cold. There is a collection of Tan Youxia.

Life of the characters

When Tan Youxia was 20 years old, he was already very famous. His fellow townsman Zhong Xing admired his talent and made friends with him. Zhong is also a great writer in Ming Dynasty. He shares the same interests with Tan Youxia. He is tired of the empty style of study and writing in Ming Dynasty. He thinks that they are either superficial or frivolous. So he wants to set up a new artistic style to change it and correct the vulgar abuses. So they compiled two selected poems, Tang Shigui and Gu Shigui, which were famous and influential at that time. They were called "Zhong Tan" and "Jingling School". Tan Youxia likes to indulge in mountains and rivers, and has visited famous mountains and rivers in central Hunan, Western Hubei and other places for decades. When visiting Hengshan Mountain, he was deeply moved by its beautiful scenery. In addition to writing many poems to commemorate it, Zhong Xing named his living room "yueguitang" and Tan Youxia named his poetry collection "yueguitang collection", which shows the great influence. Tan Yuanchun spent many years on the road of imperial examination and suffered from it. Jiang Xia made Xu Rijiu in Xi'an and Ge yinliang, the governor of Chu, appreciate his articles, but he was not accepted. After several years of schooling, Zhou Xuan, the inspector, urged Tan Yuanchun to take the test, but he still failed to win the test. It happened that en was elected to the Imperial College. In the fourth year of Tianqi (1624 A.D.), he went to Beijing as a tribute, but failed to get the first place. the seventh year of Tianqi (1627) was the first in the local examination. Together with Zhong Xing in Tongli, he selected Shi GUI, which was very famous at that time and was known as Zhong Tan in the world. The literary school they founded is called Jingling School, which means that "it is common for scholars not to talk about jingling, but for Wang and Li Zhizhi." During the reign of Chongzhen, Tan Yuanchun lived in Nanjing, Suzhou and Hangzhou. He communicated with Mao Yuanyi, song Xianru and other celebrities of "fushe". He wrote poems, wine and harmony, and wrote elegant prose masterpieces such as "you Wu Long Tan". "Baozhentang poetry talks" says: "although you Xia's poetry is not called, you Xia's poetry is full of ups and downs, worthy of fame. His younger brother has already passed the Jinshi and Juren examinations, and he is still a scholar. It hit him hard. Later, in the seventh year of Tianqi reign of emperor Xizong of Ming Dynasty, he finally got the first place in the province. He was very happy. Even though he was forty-two years old at that time, he still felt that he had a lot to do. However, bad luck soon enveloped him, his mother left him, and his good friend Zhong Xing was not alive. This series of blows made Tan Youxia almost collapse. He is very filial to his loving mother, and the feelings between mother and son are very different; Zhong Xing is his confidant and mentor, whose death has seriously damaged Tan Youxia's health. Tan Youxia lost his father when he was young, so his character was originally more surly. When he was young, he was righteous and dignified, but he was often not in the middle. Long term depression made him psychologically twisted. He named himself "Lao dangzi" and wrote the sentence "empty know age do not know good, swallow building head is also hasty", which showed the feeling of frustration and cynicism. After that, Tan Youxia took part in several joint examinations, but failed in them. After the rise of Fu society, he joined Fu society and was listed as one of the "48 friends of Fu society". Unfortunately, not long after that, he died in a hotel in 1637 when he entered the capital for the examination. After his death, he was buried in baizhutai, west of Tianmen county. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a "Zhong Tan he temple" in the county, with the inscription "articles of the world" on the square. The site is to the east of the present-day people's government.

Tomb of Tan Yuanchun

Tan Yuanchun's tomb is located in huangzui village, Huangtan Town, Tianmen City, on the South Bank of Tianbei Changqu. However, due to poor management, Tan Yuanchun's tomb is seriously damaged, overgrown with weeds and dilapidated.

Main achievements

Amorous feelings

Influenced by Zhong Xing, Tan Yuanchun's literary creation is consistent. He advocated poetry to express the spirit and opposed the style of imitating ancient literature. He proposed that "the law should not be determined, and the law should be based on the pen" and "the word should not be archaic, and the word should be forced by emotion". The author thinks that the imitation of ancient words and sentences is "those who get their stagnation, those who are familiar with them, those who are wooden, and those who are crude" (preface to poetry by Tan Yuanchun). He advocates that "when we discuss poetry, there are only comrades, but there is no homology" (preface to Wan Maoxian's poems). He advocated the "spirit" is to learn from the spirit of the ancient poetry, is "dedicated to one's thinking, to reach the ancients, feel that the ancients also have bright eyes, from the paper also pay attention to people.". But the "spirit of the ancients" he emphasized was only "a single feeling" and "a solitary journey and a quiet post", which only focused on the light of the lake, flowers and plants, as well as "solitary feelings" and "solitary meaning", which made the theme of his works extremely narrow. In addition, he advocated a kind of "deep and lonely" style, which made the style of writing difficult and astringent. He often carved the words and sentences and forgot the chapters, which led to the criticism that the later generations had the riddle of dumb words and sentences and almost no complete chapters.

works

However, Tan Yuanchun's five character poems of mountains and waters are sometimes excellent, such as "night time Yangluo with Xiaping mountain", "tour Jiufeng Mountain" and so on. His six character quatrains, the book of old friends in Shu, is also fresh and interesting. Although there are some meaningful sentences in some other poems, they often use strange words to express dangerous rhymes, and the sentences are difficult to understand, such as: "the sound of fish is neutral, and the shadow of flowers is blowing outside" (sitting in front of Taihe Temple). This kind of malpractice is more prominent in his poem "summer night". Tan Yuanchun's landscape prose also has excellent works, such as "the journey to Nanyue" which describes the wonder of the sea of clouds seen when he ascended to the top of Zhu Rongfeng: "the clear water rippled inside, the clouds sewed outside, up like the sea, down like the sky, the illusory and dark color, the mind has no owner; he feels indifferent and sends his voice under the boundless distance." For a long time, the cloud moved. In a few hectares, the back cloud catches up with the front cloud, and then loses the team. Ten thousand clouds fly around the mountain and fly to the left. They fly as far as the sun is concerned, and the sky and the earth are positioned, and the lower boundary mountains are dedicated to the spring green. All the four peaks can't stand up, and the lake and the river are as white as a wisp of white... " Grand momentum, spectacular scenery. The three chapters describe the different seasonal features and special scenery of the three visits to Wulongtan very well, and the artistic conception is completely different. Influenced by Li Daoyuan, his language is very expressive. The prefaces of his calligraphy, such as the fifty essays of qiumu family, the inscription of Duanshi inkstone and the praise of Guanyin in Song embroidery, are also pure and meaningful.

List of works

His works are collected in 23 volumes of Tan Youxia collection. It includes five volumes of yueguitang's new poems, nine volumes of huwan wencao, eight volumes of yueguitang's selected poems and one volume of manuscript preface. Together with Zhong Xing, he compiled 51 volumes of Shi GUI, 10 volumes of Ming Shi GUI and 1 volume of supplement. A total of 10 volumes of Shi Xie were reviewed. In addition, there are 10 volumes of Tan Zi Shi GUI (this collection is its anthology, with preface before it), 3 volumes of Zhuangzi Nanhua Zhen Jing Ping, 10 volumes of Si Liu Jin Sheng (with addendum), 12 volumes of Dongpo Shi Xuan and 2 volumes of "take it for granted legend".

Feelings in food

One day, Zhong Xing visited Tan Yuanchun's mansion. Tan Yuanchun bought a herring from the fish market and cooked the fish himself. When he killed the fish, he suddenly found that the herring segment with its head and tail removed was similar to a wooden piano, so he made a pattern along the ribs and cooked it with wine. Zhong Xing is also watching the delicious food. They are as relaxed and happy as Ding Dong's elegant rhyme of the wooden piano. After the fish was cooked, tan and Zhong studied the appearance of the fish on the table for a long time. They were reluctant to eat it. They must call this dish famous before they can move their chopsticks. Tan Yuanchun said that this dish is "a row of pieces of land, called" braised xylophone fish ", while Zhong Xing said that it looks more like tiles on the roof, so it should be called" braised tilapia ". At last, because of its attractive fragrance, both sides moved their chopsticks at the same time. later, this dish spread to the people, because more people tend to say that it looks like a roof tile, so it is called "braised tilapia", and it is still popular today.

Tea studies

Tan Yuanchun divided tea into "first tea", "second tea" and "third tea". In his poem, he wrote: "the bud can't be broken. In addition to the theory of mulberry and tea, mulberry and tea hurt the silkworm, and human feelings also have new meaning." At that time, there was a popular saying of "mulberry tea theory" in tea areas, that is, picking tea should be like picking mulberry, and "the bud can not be broken". Tan Yuanchun held a different view that the theory of mulberry tea should be eliminated. It was the sprout that was the best bamboo shoot tea. "Two teas" are the teas picked before Guyu Festival. "They are both tender fists. How do you know they are not before the rain? Tea is like water, and there is no spring in the south of the river.". The shape and texture of tea before and after rain are very similar. "Both are tender fists". It is necessary to distinguish which is ahead and which is behind. Lu Yu's real skill in tea tasting and water distinguishing is just like Lu Yu's skill in distinguishing Nanling spring in the Yangtze River. "Three Teas", after first picking, second picking and then picking, are called "Three Teas". Tan Yuanchun's poem about "Three Teas" is like this: "business is poor, three teas are picked, and a needle is expensive. We don't admire the spring of Yuanfeng mountain tea picking should be timely. Tan Yuanchun's poem "urging monks to pick tea three days before the rain" reads: "if it's sunny and cloudy, I don't pick it. I've heard that there are many seasonal defects. You should pay attention to both essence and scarcity. Don't wait for ye Shushi." If you want to pick a good tea, you need to get a good Decoction to complement each other. Tan Yuanchun said in his poem "taking Liuyi well water from Junshan to test tea in Yueyang Tower": "you don't drink from the lake near the lake. You love taking liujiajing well. The tea shines on the people who go upstairs. Junshan breaks the shadow of the lake." Dongting Lake, Junshan, Liuyi well and Yueyang Tower are all famous scenic spots. This tea trial, the feelings, scenery, things, I into one, the poet's spiritual beauty and the natural beauty of the objective world, to achieve the perfect unity of the true and the good. Perhaps this is the realm of harmony, respect and quietness that tea ceremony pursues. Tan Yuanchun also wrote a poem "tiger well" in the preface

Chinese PinYin : Tan Yuan Chun