Fu Sheng

Fu Sheng

Fu Sheng (Fu Sheng, Zi Jian), a Han nationality, was 100 years old. Jinan (now Sujia village, Handian Town, Zouping City, Binzhou City, Shandong Province) is a native of Jinan.

In Qin Dynasty, he burned books and collected Shangshu in the wall. In the early Han Dynasty, there were only 28 articles left to teach between Qi and Lu. In Emperor Wen's time, those who wanted to be able to administer Shangshu were more than 90 years old and could not do it, which made Chao CuO accept it. Scholars in the book of history are all out of their own way. The book of history is all from him.

First recorded in

Sima Qian

《

Redords of the Grand History of China

》。

Profile

Fu Sheng, a place of interest, was born in Zouping County of Jinan in Qin Dynasty. Since childhood, he has been fond of ancient learning and extensive reading. He has studied Shangshu very well and is a doctor of Confucianism. In 215 B.C., the first emperor of Qin ordered that the private collection of scriptures should be prohibited. Fu Sheng risked killing and hid the book in the wall. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the soldiers rose, and they lived in exile. Liu Bang calmed down the world, and Fusheng returned to his hometown to seek the book of history. He lost most of his collection. There were only 28 copies left. He was a professor in Qilu. His main disciples were Zhang Sheng and Ouyang Sheng in Jinan. During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, there was no one in the world who wanted to be able to govern the book of history. After hearing the name of Fusheng, he ordered to summon him. However, Fusheng was over 90 years old and could not go to Beijing. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty sent his emissary Chao CuO to Zouping in person. Fu Sheng was too old to speak clearly, which made her daughter xi'e speak for her. She taught 28 and 41 chapters of the book of history, and later called it the book of history. Later, the ancient Shangshu was found in kongbi of Qufu. There were 16 pieces of Shangshu that could not be read or understood without the support of modern texts. Therefore, if people say that there is no Fu Sheng in Han Dynasty, Shangshu will not be passed on; if there is Shangshu but there is no Fu Sheng, people can't understand its meaning. Scholars of past dynasties praised Fu Sheng as "rebuilding Shangshu."

Life of the characters

Fusheng is a descendant of cuzijian, a disciple of Confucius. After the unification of the Qin Dynasty, the imperial court set up 70 doctors for consultants, and Fu Sheng was one of them. In 213 B.C., when the first emperor of Qin burned books to pit scholars, Fu Sheng risked his life by hiding the book of history of Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia, Shang and Zhou in the interlayer of the wall, thus avoiding the difficulty of burning.

In 191 B.C., the Confucian school was gradually revived. Fu Sheng dug up the wall and found that there are still 28 well preserved works. This is the Shangshu, which has become a valuable material in ancient Chinese history. Fu Sheng collected the book of history and spread it to the imperial court. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty attached great importance to it and wanted to call him to the court. However, Fu Sheng was over 90 years old and could not travel. Therefore, Emperor Wen sent Chao Cuo, who was then the official of Taichang anecdotes, to Zhangqiu Fusheng's home to give and receive them face to face. Because of his old age, Fusheng could not speak like a normal person. Only his daughter xi'e could understand his words, so he had to first use Fusheng's words to his daughter xi'e, and then transmit them to Chao Cuo. Finally, the book of history collected by Fu Shengxiong was sorted out and recorded, and the lost chapters were supplemented, so that the book of history could be completely handed down.

From then on up to later generations, the book of history is a learning, and the underlying life is actually the source of teaching. Later, according to his interpretation of Shangshu, Fusheng's disciples compiled Shangshu Da Zhuan, which belongs to the style of "external biography". Later generations commented on the merits of Fu Sheng's biography and said, "if there is no Fu Sheng in Han Dynasty, the book of history will not be handed down; if there is no Fu Sheng in Han Dynasty, its meaning is not clear." In the period of Emperor Wen, Jing, Wu, Zhao and Xuan, the 14 doctorates of the five classics were all scholars of the school. Among them, the three doctorates of Ouyang Sheng, Daxia Hou (Sheng) and Xiaoxia Hou (Jian) in Shangshu were founded by Fusheng. Because of Fu Sheng's special contribution to the teaching of Shangshu, the later scholars of modern literature and classics compare it with Dong Zhongshu, who advocated "deposing all schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

The Fu family of Jinan, from Fu Sheng to Fu Shou, the empress of Xiandi in the Eastern Han Dynasty, lasted for more than 400 years in the Qin and Han Dynasties. It was passed down from generation to generation as "Fu Budou". Fu Sheng and his modern book Shangshu have a profound influence on Confucian classics culture. The study of Shangshu later developed into three schools, namely Ouyang Sheng's Ouyang school, Xiahou Sheng's great Xiahou school and Xiahou Jian's little Xiahou school.

Documentation

Nanling wushuangpu

There are so many books burning on it that there are more than enough books in the wall after the robbery.

How long have you lived in Pengmen?

In those days, I learned from my heart, but today I hoe in the flower watching net.

But when you are old, why don't you smile and drag your train.

Hanshu · biography of scholars

Fusheng is a native of Jinan. So it is Dr. Qin. In Emperor Xiaowen's time, those who wanted to be able to govern the book of history were called after they heard that they would be governed by Fu Sheng. When Fu was more than 90 years old, he could not do it, so the imperial edict was too often, and the anecdotes were wrongly received. In the Qin Dynasty, the book was burned and stored in the wall. After that, soldiers rose and went into exile. In the Han Dynasty, Fu Shengqiu's "Shu" had lost dozens of articles, and only 28 articles were obtained, that is, to teach between Qi and Lu. From this, Qi scholars can say Shangshu quite well, and the death of Shandong masters is not related to Shangshu's teaching. Fu Sheng teaches Jinan Zhang Sheng and Ouyang Sheng. Zhang Sheng was a doctor, while Fu Sheng was born to sun Yizhi in the book of history. After Lu Zhou Ba, Luo Yang Jia Jia Po can speak the book of history.

library

He was a doctor in Qin Dynasty, and had a deep research on Shangshu. When Qin Shihuang burned books, he hid Shangshu and other books in the walls of his old house, and then he went into exile. After the Han Dynasty was settled, he went back to his hometown to ask for his own books. Dozens of them have been lost, and only 28 remain. By the time of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, the state had asked for scholars to study Shangshu, but no one could answer. He was over 90 years old and couldn't do it. Emperor Wen sent Chao CuO and others to his residence to study, so as to teach between Qi and Lu. In the Western Han Dynasty, most of those who were proficient in Shangshu came out of their families. He wrote a great biography of Shangshu, which was lost early. There are 28 pieces of Shangshu in existence. It is said that he taught them and kept them.

Fu Sheng's Shangshu was originally written in the popular Xiaozhuan script of Qin Dynasty. When he taught it, he changed to the official script of Han Dynasty, later known as "Jinwen". It is said that Fusheng also wrote the biography of Shangshu, but in fact it was written by his students Zhang Sheng, Ouyang Sheng and later doctors after his death. The book is lost. In Qing Dynasty, Chen Shouqi wrote a series of books, and PI Xirui had a great biography of Shangshu.

Chinese PinYin : Fu Sheng