Zhu Changluo

Zhu Changluo

Zhu Changluo (August 28, 1582 to September 26, 1620), male, Han nationality, namely Ming Guangzong, was the 14th emperor of Ming Dynasty (August 28, 1620 to September 26, 1620). The eldest son of Zhu Yijun, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and the mother of Wang, the empress of Xiaojing.

Born in the 10th year of Wanli, he has no father's love since childhood. He was involved in the party struggle and the alternation of imperial power, and experienced such major historical events as the struggle for the foundation of the country and the case of Li attack. Wanli 48 years (1620), after the death of Ming Shenzong, officially ascended the throne, year Taichang. During his reign, he appointed virtuous officials, got rid of bad government, actively reformed, eliminated mining taxes and taxes, brought order out of chaos, and revived the discipline of the imperial court. Indulging in wine and sex, indulging in lust and pleasure, leads to increasingly weak body.

Taichang first year (1620), died of illness, known as the "red pill case", only 39 years old, temple name for Guangzong, posthumous title for chongtian Qidao yingruigong Chunxian Wenjing, Emperor Wuyuan Renyi Xiaozhen, buried in the Ming Tombs in Qingling.

Life of the characters

Humble birth

Zhu Changluo was born to a palace maid of Ming Shenzong. The empress Wang and the concubine Liu of Ming Shenzong had no children since the sixth year of Wanli (1578).

In the ninth year of Wanli (1581), Shenzong secretly blessed Wang, the palace maid of Empress Dowager Li. Later, Wang was pregnant, which Shenzong did not dare to admit. However, it was recorded in the notes of inner daily life, and there was evidence of the reward given to Wang at that time. In addition, Empress Dowager Li was eager for her grandson. Finally, she was forced to admit it.

In the 10th year of Wanli (1582), Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty conferred the title of gongfei. She gave birth to a son in August of the 10th year of Wanli (1582). She was the eldest son of emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty and named Changluo.

The fight for the foundation of the country

The empress of Mingshen Zongzheng palace had no offspring, and among many concubines, she was especially fond of Zheng. In 1584, Jin Dynasty was granted the title of imperial concubine and gave birth to Zhu Changxu, the second son of the emperor. Unfortunately, she died young. In 1586, Chang Xun, the emperor's third son, was born on the fifth day of the first month. Later, the Zheng family was granted the title of imperial concubine in Jin Dynasty, and took the opportunity to beg mingshenzong to establish Zhu Changxun, the third son of the emperor, as the crown prince, and become the queen himself. They wrote a contract and swore neutrality in the Taoist temple. The promise of Shenzong violates the patriarchal system and feudal etiquette, which is bound to cause a major political crisis.

The emperor of the Ming Dynasty favored Zheng Huang and his concubines, but he did not set up a prince. The ministers in the court were suspicious and worried that Zheng's plan to establish the third son of the emperor would damage the country's foundation. They vied to mention the issue of the crown prince, with hundreds of memorials, accusing the imperial palace of interfering in politics and pointing the spearhead at the imperial concubine Zheng. Ming Shenzong put aside and still doted on Zheng.

In order to settle the dispute over the crown prince, in October 1601, the emperor finally established his eldest son Zhu Changluo as the crown prince, his third son Zhu Changxun as king Fu, his fifth son Zhu Changhao as king Rui, his sixth son Zhu Changrun as king Hui, and his seventh son Zhu Changying as king GUI. The most intense and complicated political event in Wanli period forced the withdrawal of four cabinet members (Shen Shixing, Wang Jiaping, Zhao Zhigao, Wang xijue), more than ten ministerial level officials, and more than 300 central and local officials. Among them, more than 100 were dismissed, dismissed, and assigned to the army to rectify the "Donglin Party".

In 1603, there was a rumor that the Emperor Wanli wanted to change the crown prince and pointed at the imperial concubine Zheng. As a result, the emperor arrested many people. In the 41st year of Wanli (1613), there was another suggestion that imperial concubine Zheng and King Fu were going to murder the crown prince. As a result, the emperor only let King Fu take over the throne, but was secretly stopped by imperial concubine Zheng.

Princess Gong's family still lives in the secluded palace. She can't see Emperor Wanli. She spends the whole day in tears and gradually becomes blind. Wanli 39 years (1611), Wang Hong died, ye Xianggao proposed a thick burial, but the emperor actually did not agree. Further, the emperor reluctantly agreed to pursue his posthumous imperial concubine.

The case of Li attack

On the fourth day of may in the 43rd year of Wanli (May 30, 1615), a man in his thirties, Zhang Cha, with a jujube stick, broke into the Ciqing palace where the crown prince Zhu Changluo lived. When he met people, he hit many gate keepers and hurt them. All the way to the eaves in front of the palace, Han Ben, the inner official, captured the man holding the stick. Only then did the palace calm down. After the incident, Zhang Chai confessed that he was Pang Bao and Liu Cheng, eunuchs under Zheng Guifei. In order to avoid suffering, Princess Zheng cried to the emperor. But the prince was almost killed. The ministers in the court talked about it one after another. The emperor was helpless and said that it was better for you to ask the prince for forgiveness. Zheng knelt down to pay homage to the prince, and the prince hastened to pay homage. Finally, Shenzong and the crown prince refused to go deep into the case. They killed Zhang Chaiyu on the charge of insane traitor. As the witness disappeared, Pang and Liu denied that they were involved in the case. On June 1, 1615, Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty ordered the eunuchs to put Pang Bao and Liu Cheng to death, so the whole case could not be investigated. It is known as the "Li attack case" in history. (this case has not been confirmed in the history of the Ming Dynasty, but it is true that Zheng Guifei tried to seize her daughter.)

However, after the case, the crown prince reviewed Miao Changqi and thought that Wei Zhongxian was the eunuch behind the attack, so he said indignantly: can the traitor attack Taigong to exonerate the crime of disorderly officials and thieves with the word "madness" and wipe out loyal officials and righteous persons with the word "Yuan Gong Qi Huo"? Later Miao Changqi was framed to death by the eunuch party.

Succeeding to the throne

In July 1620, the emperor died. In August, the crown prince Zhu Changluo, who was the emperor, granted amnesty to the whole world and announced the change of Taichang.

On August 1, 1620, the first year of Taichang, Zhu Changluo, the emperor of Taichang, said at the ceremony of his accession to the throne that "jade shoes are peaceful" and "chongcui has no ill appearance", that is, he walks normally and has no symptoms of disease. On July 22 and 24 of the 48th year of Wanli, Emperor Taichang issued 1 million taels of silver each to reward Liaodong and other border guards. He dismissed mining taxes and discussed taxes, withdrew mining tax envoys, added cabinet officials, and operated as a central force.

Red pill of death

Only ten days after Zhu Changluo held the grand ceremony for his accession to the throne, that is, on the 10th of August in the first year of Taichang (1620), he fell ill. On the next day, the celebration of longevity was also cancelled. According to the records of Guoyan, imperial concubine Zheng "went to serve her eight people, and she was exhausted after getting sick.". "Sin only record" also records: "and ascend the pole, the imperial concubine into the beauty to serve the emperor. Within ten days, the emperor fell ill. " On August 14, Emperor Taichang was seriously ill. He called his official Cui Wensheng to treat him.

Cui Wensheng was originally a trusted Eunuch in Princess Zheng's palace. After Zhu Changluo ascended the throne, he was promoted to the eunuch of BingBi, the Commissioner of rites. After Zhu Changluo fell ill, imperial concubine Zheng instructed Cui Wensheng to take "Tongli medicine", namely rhubarb, to the emperor as the eunuch of the imperial pharmacy. Rhubarb is equivalent to cathartic. Therefore, in the following day and night, Zhu Changluo had diarrhea for 30 or 40 times, and his body was extremely weak and in a state of exhaustion. Later, the court officials attacked Cui Wensheng fiercely for his qualification of medicine and whether his medicine conformed to medical principles. Yang Lian said: "Cui Wensheng, the thief minister, doesn't know how to cure If you know how to cure, you can let go of the excess and make up for the deficiency. When the emperor mourned and destroyed, he spent more than ten thousand days. He was in the right position of the law to make up for it, while Wen Sheng was in the opposite position Yang Lian believes that Zhu Changluo is weak and should be given tonic, while Cui Wensheng uses laxatives instead, which is sinister. At that time, the relatives of Zhu Changluo's mother, Wang's family, and Guo's family, the former crown prince's concubine, both believed that there must be a conspiracy. They paid a visit to the ministers of the imperial court and cried about the danger of imperial ban: "Cui Wensheng's medicine, so it's not a mistake!"

On August 28, 1620, the first year of Taichang, Zhu Changluo summoned the British Duke Zhang Weixian, the cabinet chief assistant Fang Congzhe and other 13 people into the palace. He asked the emperor's eldest son to come out to see them. He meant to be an orphan and ordered Cui Wensheng to be expelled from the Palace.

On August 29, 1620, the first year of Taichang (1620), Li Kezhuo, the Cheng of Honglu temple, said that there was an elixir to present to the emperor. The eunuchs did not dare to make decisions and reported the matter to Fang Congzhe, the cabinet minister. Fang Congzhe said, "I can't believe it if I call it Xiandan." Then, the cabinet ministers went to the Qianqing palace to visit Zhu Changluo. At this time, Zhu Changluo had made arrangements for the future affairs. He handed over the eldest son to the cabinet minister carefully, and asked about the construction of his mausoleum. After arranging everything, Zhu Changluo asked, "where is the Honglu Temple official who has given medicine?" Fang Congzhe said: "Honglu Temple Cheng Li can burn from the cloud fairy pill, the minister did not dare to believe." Zhu Changluo knew that his life was on the eve of the day, so with the idea of having a try, he ordered Li Ke to burn into the palace to offer medicine. At noon, Li kehuo prepared a red pill for the emperor to take. After Zhu Changluo took the red pill, he felt better, and let the servant say: "after the holy body is used, it is warm and comfortable, and he wants to drink and eat." In the evening, Zhu Changluo ordered Li Kezhuo to take another red pill. Although the imperial doctors objected, Zhu Changluo insisted on taking another one. So Li kehuo let the emperor take a red pill. After taking it, Zhu Changluo felt as comfortable as before, without any adverse reactions.

On the first day of September in the first year of Taichang (September 26, 1620), Zhu Changluo died. Therefore, the court officials argued one after another that Li Kezhuo and Hongwan were the culprits for the emperor's sudden death, and Fang Congzhe was also involved. However, Fang Congzhe and Li Kezhuo hoped that Zhu Changluo would take the medicine, and they would not be responsible for Zhu Changluo's death. Later, the cabinet bachelor explained the beginning and end of the medicine in detail in the memorial to Xizong, which made Fang Congzhe get rid of the dilemma. In fact, the red pill is similar to the red lead pill taken by Emperor Jiajing at the beginning. It is made of women's water, autumn stone, human milk and cinnabar. Its nature is hot, just opposite to the rhubarb that Cui Wensheng introduced at the beginning. In his last years, Zhu Changluo, who was already weak, was tortured by two kinds of drugs with opposite and violent performance, and died suddenly.

The reign of Zhu Changluo of Mingguang school

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Chang Luo