Li Fan

Li Fan

Li Fan (754-811), the word Shuhan, Zhao county Gaoyi (now Hebei Gaoyi County) people. Tang Xianzong, the Prime Minister of Tang Dynasty, was the son of Li Cheng, a Hunan observer.

Li Fan was born in the southern ancestor of the Li family in Zhao county. When he was in his 40s, he started as an aide of the Jiedushi. In Tang Xianzong, he paid homage to his servant and Tongping Zhangshi (Prime Minister). Official to Huazhou governor and censor doctor, died in 58 years, book gift Hubu Shangshu, posthumous title "Zhenjian".

Historical records

original text

Biography of Li Fan

Li Fan, with the name of Shuhan, was born in Zhaojun. His great grandfather was far away. When he was a queen of heaven, Li Zhaode recommended him as the Minister of heaven. He was not able to thank Zhaode for his kindness. When Zhaode was angry, he was dethroned as the governor of bizhou. Zu she was a doctor who took part in the examination of merit in the first Yuan Dynasty. She was filial to her mother and died. Zhiyuan and she are famous for their ambition. Fu Cheng, also known as Hunan observer. Fan less tranquil repair inspection, elegant appearance instrument, studious. When his father died, his family was rich in wealth, and his relatives were worried about him, he could not help but pull them away. He became more and more poor after a few years. He was not an official for more than 40 years and studied in Yangzhou. He was trapped in self-sufficiency and his wife complained about it. Du Ya lived in the eastern capital and took his old son's office as his career.

Luo Zhong steals the hair, has the false tooth to transport the fox, Asia letter's, tortures actually the crime. The fan knew his injustice and refused to comply with it, so he resigned. Later, he was the real thief Qu Tan of Song Dynasty, and Fan Yi was well-known.

In Xuzhou, Zhang Jianfeng was engaged in business and lived in the tent. He was modest but not subtle. Du also served as the governor of Haozhou. He took the post of emissary, established a medical revolution, and rushed to the government. When the vassal state was established with the provinces in the same row, he burst out weeping and said, "this is the case with PU shegong. He should be in the state to prevent and control. Now he abandoned the state to come here. What do you want? Yi Ji go! If not, it's time to hear. " At the same time, he was not surprised, so he went back. Jianfeng died, and regretted that he had not made up his mind, and complained about the vassal. When he returned to the central military, he was falsely accused. Dezong was so angry that he ordered du you to kill him. You su attached great importance to the vassal, but he couldn't bear to issue the imperial edict for ten days. He cited the vassal to discuss the Shi family and said, "because of the things reported, do you believe it?" Fan said, "believe it." Said: "the trial is so, you should have no fear." Because of the imperial edict. Fan LAN, without moving color, said: "a letter and also for the newspaper." You said: "be careful not to export, I have a secret theory, holding a hundred to protect the king." The emperor Dezong was relieved, but his anger was not released. He was eager to pursue his vassal to the palace. And summoned, looked at its appearance, said: "this is not evil people!" I'm relieved, except for the secretary.

Wang Shao held the power and invited the vassal to meet with each other, but in the end he did not. Wang Zhongshu, Wei Chengji, and Lu Dong were officials of Lang Dynasty, and their friends were brilliant. They gathered in song and wine every day, admired the name of the fan, and forced them to join in the meeting. Zhongshu's generation was good at Haixi. Later, they called the vassal and refused to go. They said, "I and Zhongshu's generation don't know what to say all day long." The result is a failure. Move the guest to wailang and find the right secretary. Wang Chun of Guangling was the crown prince in the book of emperor Shunzong. Wang Chun, the Minister of the Ministry of war, asked him to change his name to Shao. It was said that "the crown prince is also a minister. It is appropriate to change the officials of the eastern palace. It's not a matter of belonging to him. It's flattering. If you are pure, why do you do things with propriety Fan said: "all the stories of the past dynasties were lost because they were ignorant of the general officials. Because they can't be corrected, there's nothing strange about them." And the accession of the crown prince, the emperor Xianzong is also. The prime minister changed the name of the county to avoid the name, but Wei Chun, the censor, did not change it. There was an imperial edict to change Lu Chun's name to Zhi; Chun had no choice but to change his name to Guan Zhi.

The vassal searched for wailang, a member of the Ministry of officials. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, he moved to be a doctor in charge of the affairs of Cao. In order to cover up the affairs, he abused the official position and dethroned him as a writer. He transferred to Shizhong. There was no way to make the imperial edict, so it was approved after the Huang imperial edict. The official said, "don't even use white paper." Fan said, "don't use white paper. It's a document. It's not an imperial edict." Pei long said that Emperor Yu thought that there was a prime minister's instrument, which was removed by Zheng Bian. So he worshipped the vassal's servant and Tongping Zhangshi. They are loyal to each other. They think that there is no secret.

In the winter of the fourth year, Gu said, "the emperors of the former dynasty managed the world. They either gave enough money to the family, or the country was poor, so why?" "The ancients said," frugality is enough. " Cover enough for frugality. If you are honest, you will not treasure pearls and jade. If you only work hard to cultivate mulberry trees, you will have no vulgarity and cleverness! Nature is full of envy,

The harvest was fruitful. If a man exhausts his people's strength, values foreign matters, works from the top and works from the bottom, has extravagant customs, goes to the end of his duty, and lacks food and clothing, then the people are not enough! Who is the king and who is the foot! Naturally, the country is poor and the family is poor, and thieves take advantage of the gap to make it! Today, your majesty is always learning from the past, thinking of becoming rich and well-off, bowing to diligence and frugality, and being reasonable. Fu would like to know that it is not difficult, and to protect it is an urgent task. The palace, horses, clothes, and utensils must be damaged at the same time The emperor said, "it's my sincerity to be thrifty and to be rich and poor, as Qing said. Only when the upper and lower Prime Minister Xu, in order to protect this road, it seems to be excessive, extremely admonish rules, this solid deep period in the Qing and so on The vassal class bowed to congratulations and retreated.

The emperor then asked, "do you believe in the saying of praying for disaster?" The fan said to him, "since ancient times, the temple of ministers and thieves has been holy, and they do not pray for ancestral temples. Therefore, King Zhao of Chu was ill, and the diviner said that the river was the cause of trouble. King Zhao's absence from Chu was not a crime. Confucius thought that he knew the way of heaven. When Zhongni was ill, Zilu asked him to pray. Zhongni thought that the divine way helped him to follow and was related to what he had done. He was virtuous and worthy of the house. So he said to Zilu, "I have been praying for a long time." "The book says:" huidiji, from the evil. " A good word is good, but a bad word is bad. The book of songs says, "seek more happiness from yourself." Then, when misfortunes and blessings come, we should act accordingly. If we do wrong, how can we seek blessings? Therefore, every time Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty offered sacrifices, there was a minister who was respectful but not praying. His transcendence was regarded as a virtue. If the gods are ignorant, then peace can bring happiness; if they have knowledge, then the gentleman can't be pleased with the matter of self seeking flattery, even if the gods are clear! From this point of view, it's hard to be blessed if we follow the principle of faith and think of obedience. Therefore, the only virtue of Yao and Shun was to cultivate themselves and to pacify the common people. Guan zhongyun: "righteousness to man and to God." Gai is the Lord of God, so it's just to ensure the safety of people. The Duke of Guo prayed for God, so that he was in danger. Wang Mang prayed rashly, so as to speed up the Han army. He gave the ancient and modern admonitions, and wrote them. I hope that your majesty will be able to achieve a hundred blessings according to the meaning of Chinese and Confucius. " The emperor deeply praised it.

At that time, Wang e, the governor of Hedong, spent tens of millions of money to bribe the emperor and seek to be the prime minister. Fan and Quan Deyu in the book, there is a secret order said: "Wang e can also be prime minister, should be ready to come." Fan then painted the word "Jianxiang" with his pen, but he played the word "no" Deyu lost his color and said, "even if it's not possible, it's better not to play. How can you write an imperial edict?" He said: "the situation is pressing! Today, we can't stop. It's getting late again. Why don't you play it It's a matter of sleeping. Li Jifu returned to the prime minister's office from Yangzhou. A few days later, it was Zhan's business to strike the vassal. A few months later, he went to think of the vassal, called the right people, and made some comments again. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, he was a governor of Huazhou and a doctor of imperial censor.

He was fifty-eight years old and presented to the Minister of the Ministry of household. Fan is the prime minister. His talent is not as good as Pei Xun. He is a lonely and serious man. However, his character is pure and regular.

translation

Li Fan, with the name of Shuhan, was born in Zhaojun. When Li Fan was more than 40 years old, he had not gone out to be an official. He studied in Yangzhou, and his expenses were difficult. His wife and children all blamed him, but he was calm.

Duya left the East and appointed him to work. There is a theft case in Luozhong. Some people falsely accuse that it is the work of Linghu Yun, the general of tooth. Du Ya believes it and convicts him after being tortured. Li Fan knew that Linghu Yun was wronged and argued for him, but Du Ya didn't listen, so he resigned and left. Later, he captured the real thieves, which made Li Fan more famous.

When Wang Shao came to power, he invited Li Fan to see him and put him back on the table, but Li Fan didn't go in the end. Wang Zhongshu, Wei Chengji and others served as Langguan. They became private parties and had a prominent position. They met every day to drink and have fun. They admired Li Fan's reputation and forced him to get together. Li Fan had to go once. Wang Zhongshu and others like to spread rumors and perform miscellaneous dramas. Later, they invited Li Fan. He resolutely refused to go and said, "I stay with Wang Zhongshu all day and I don't know what to say to them." Later, Wang Zhongshu and others lost power.

Pei Xun told the emperor that he thought Li Fan had the tools of a prime minister, so he appointed Li Fan as his servant and Tongping Zhangshi. Li Fan was loyal and knew everything when he happened. The emperor valued him very much and thought that he never concealed anything. In the winter of the fourth year of Yuanhe, the emperor asked the minister, "when the former emperors ruled the world, some of them could make people's families rich in food and clothing, while others led to the poverty of the country. What's the reason for this?" Li Fan replied, "the ancients said," frugality can lead to abundance. " So wealth depends on thrift. If the monarch does not value pearls and jade, but only devotes himself to farming and sericulture, then the common people are not frivolous and tactful, and they are honest and generous. Then how can the monarch not be rich when the common people are rich? The natural Treasury is abundant and the grain is abundant. If the monarch exhausts his people's resources, loves treasures, works from above, and has increasingly extravagant customs, abandons farming, engages in industry and commerce, and lacks food and clothing, then the people will not be rich, and how can the monarch be rich? Naturally, the country is poor and the family is poor, so the thieves take advantage of it! I hope your majesty can reduce the amount of money in the palace and show people that they want to change the old customs. Then the people in the world will be very lucky. " The emperor said, "if you are frugal, you should be sincere; if you are rich or poor, just as Ai Qing said. I just want to encourage each other to maintain this fashion. If I have more extravagance, I really hope you can give me your advice. " Li Fan and others bowed down.

At that time, Hedong Jiedu envoy Wang e paid tens of millions of money to bribe the powerful officials and asked to be the prime minister. Li Fan and Quan Deyu both worked in Zhongshu province. There was a secret decree that said, "Wang e can concurrently serve as prime minister, so we should draft an imperial edict immediately." Li Fan then used his pen to obliterate the words "concurrently serving as prime minister" and said, "no way." Quan Deyu was shocked and said, "even if you think it's impossible, you should write another memorial. How can you use a pen to alter the imperial edict?" Li Fan said: "the situation is urgent! After today, it can't be stopped. It's getting late again. There's no time to write another memorial! " The matter was put on hold.

Chinese PinYin : Li Fan