Yuan Wenzong

Bottie mur

Yuan Wenzong bo'erzhijin · tutimer

(February 16, 1304 to September 2, 1332), the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire and the eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. The first time was from October 16, 1328 to February 27, 1329, and the second time was from September 8, 1329 to September 2, 1332. The second son of Haishan in Yuan Dynasty, and the younger brother of Heshi in Yuan and Ming Dynasty.

Yuan Wenzong, who grew up in the Han Dynasty when he was young, had a good cultural accomplishment and was one of the most successful emperors in the Yuan Dynasty. In the second year of Tianli (1329), Kui Zhang pavilion was established in Dadu, and Confucian officials were ordered to enter into the book of classics and history, to study the gains and losses of emperors, to copy the important styles of the Tang and Song Dynasties, to compile the classics of Jingshi, and to sort out and preserve a large number of classics of Yuan Dynasty. He advocated respecting Confucius, conferring the title of Confucius' parents and later famous Confucians, and worshipping the southern suburbs according to Confucian etiquette. During the reign of emperor Wenzong of the Yuan Dynasty, Yan tiemu'er was only in charge of government, extravagant and corrupt.

Wenzong of the Yuan Dynasty reigned for four years. His temple name was Wenzong, and his posthumous title was Emperor Xiao of the Yuan Dynasty.

Life experience

Coup

The second son of emperor Wuzong of Yuan Dynasty, the younger brother of emperor mingzong of Yuan Dynasty, and the mother of empress Zhaosheng, Tang Wu. After his father Yuan Wuzong Haishan ascended the throne, he established his younger brother Aiyu libalibada as the crown prince. After Aiyu libalibada ascended the throne, he exiled Wuzong's sons, King Zhou, Shihu (later yuan mingzong) and tutimer to the south. Tutimer was exiled to Qiongzhou, Hainan. Tiemu'er, the grandson of emperor TAIDING, was called back to Beijing after he ascended the throne. He was granted the title of King Huai in Jin Dynasty and lived in Jiankang and Jiangling.

In July of the first year of Zhihe (1328), Emperor TAIDING died. He learned that Yan tiemu'er, the Chief Secretary of the Privy Council, was launching a coup in Dadu. He planned to establish King Zhou, the eldest son of emperor Wuzong, and Shi Gu as emperor. Later, he changed Lu Yuan into tutimer. Since the beginning of Dadu's rebellion, Yan tiemu'er, the second son of Wuzong, tutimer, was the heir to the throne. Although he "and declared that he had sent envoys to the north to welcome" Wuzong's eldest son and Shi Gu in the north, and later he said that he Shi Gu's envoys came to the south, "the king of Yunzhou drove Nanyuan from all the king's soldiers and arrived overnight", but before the end of the war between the two capitals, most regimes did not really send envoys to invite him to return. At that time, the route from Dadu to Mobei was not necessarily Shangdu. Therefore, Yan tiemu'er's practice is hard to explain by the fact that the roads between the two capitals are blocked. He should have ulterior motives. In the following month (September of the first year of Zhihe), Yan tiemu'er remonstrated that "the people's heart is strong, but it is impossible to do so" and indicated that tutimer was the first to ascend the throne. Five days later, tutimer became emperor in Dadu, taking that year as the first year of Tianli. At the same time, tutimer declared that "I will wait for my elder brother to arrive, so that I can firmly give up my heart.".

After the restoration of Shangdu, tutimer sent an envoy to Yinghe shigu under the precedent of emperor Renzong in the last years of Dade. Heshiling, who lived in the Northwest Zongfan fiefdom, was just 30 years old. According to the principle of succession of uncles and nephews, he should have been the successor of Renzong, but he was forced to exile in the north, which won the general sympathy of the northern Zong kings. The dissatisfaction of the grassland nobles caused by the strengthening of Han law in the two dynasties may have stimulated their political motivation to push Heshi to the throne of Khan. Therefore, when the envoys of Dadu arrived, "all the kings of shuomu advised the Emperor (according to the instructions and Shi Li) to return the capital to the south.". In the sound of embracing and wearing, he set out to Jinshan at the end of the first year of Tianli (1328). Ling northbound Province Ping Zhang Po PI, out of the north of the town of Wuning Wang Che Tu successively West Chi welcome. Heshi has been completely intoxicated in this peaceful scene. At the end of the first month of the second year of Tianli (1329), without informing tutimer in advance, he was the emperor in the north of Helin only after a collegiate discussion with the king of Chagatai and other kings and ministers in Mobei.

The dispute of plaintext

However, he seemed to overestimate the influence of Mobei's public opinion in deciding the successor. He wholeheartedly thought that he could repeat the historical story of his father Wuzong's return from Mobei to the South and ascend the throne after the emperor's younger brother "cleaned up the palace", but he forgot that Wuzong, as the commander-in-chief in the north, was backed by the powerful force of 30000 elite soldiers. Heshihou didn't directly control the powerful army, only had more than 1800 personal guards. After Chagatai, Wang Yanzhi returned to the South with him, but he didn't have a heavy army with him. With his limited political resources, Ho Shih Chu wanted to take over the throne which was won by Dadu group after several bloody battles. His future was not optimistic. However, he did not pay attention to this and acted willfully, which eventually led to his death. In April, Yan tiemu'er, who was carrying the jade seal to welcome the world, went on a pilgrimage. This is a great hero in most situations. Now I want to be an interview to find out the attitude of Xinjun towards him. Although heshihou declared that "all the officials in the capital are used by my younger brother, and they are still the old ones", he ordered Yan tiemu'er to be the Prime Minister of Zhongshu, and Kaifu Yi was the same as Sansi, Shangzhu, Lujun, Jianxiu of national history, dalahan and Taiping king ", but he cut off most of his military power and did not re appoint the post of zhiprivy Council appointed by tutimer to him.

For tutimer, once he ascended the throne, his original "heart of giving way" gradually disappeared. However, because of the foreword, his mood was very contradictory. In November of the first year of Tianli (1328), the first group of envoys who welcomed Heshi to Beijing and ascended the throne left Dadu. Only ten days later, tutimer ordered to make jade books and jade treasures for his yuan imperial concubine bodashli. In the first month of the next year, the emissary of he Shiming arrived in Dadu. Knowing that the eldest brother had decided to return to the south, tutimer still took the lead in completing a series of ceremonies in which he ordered the empress to report to Nanjiao and Taimiao, and canonized the empress in Daming hall. At that time, some of the courtiers said, "Your Majesty has ordered the world to give way to elder brother. Today, it is against the imperial edict. " Tuttie Mur heard the music, "jiaqizhi, give gold weaving coins to honor it. After hearing about it, there was also a gift of gold coins. But at least until the end of May, before and after tutimer's departure from Dadu to Beixing, Qinying and Shixiang, he was ready to keep his promise of abdication. On the third day after his departure, he "set up the Jianghuai finance and Fu capital's general office, rank zhengsanpin, and subordinate to zhanshiyuan". This organization was first built after the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty. It was in charge of the taxes paid by Empress Dowager Xie, King Fu and Jia Sidao. It was originally subordinate to the Queen's palace and was abolished in 1304. At this time, tutimer restored the system of Jianghuai Caifu government and transferred it to zhanshiyuan, the official office of the eastern palace, obviously preparing for his future control of this important property resource as the crown prince.

It took tut more than a month to finish the heavy journey from Dadu to Shangdu. After staying in Shangdu for about 20 years, he took the original road to wanghuchadu (now in Zhangbei County, Hebei Province, it is the big corner of the post road of Dadu to Shangdu. Wuzong built the palace here, so it is called Zhongdu), and met with heshiyu. On August 1, Heshi arrived at wanghuchadu. The next day, tutimer saw his elder brother Yu Xinggong. He held a banquet for his younger brother, kings and ministers. Within five days before and after the scene of the brothers' reunion, heshiliang "collapsed" on August 6. Tut tiemu'er cried in his presence. Tieyanmu'er was ordered by the empress of the Ming Dynasty to receive the emperor's treasure, so he escorted tutimer to return to Shangdu. Along the way, he led the guards to follow him in the daytime, and bowed around the palace in the night. On August 15, on the sixth day of his return to Shangdu, Tute mu'er ascended the throne again in a hurry for Wenzong. The details of the sudden death of emperor mingzong and Shihu in the change of the calendar may have become the secret of history forever. After he Shihu's son, tuohuan, was in charge of Muer, he ordered the world to withdraw Wenzong temple, saying: "Wenzong is not good at evil. When he bows, he and his ministers, such as Yuelu Buhua, yiliya, and Mingli dong'a, conspire against each other, which makes our emperor hate his guests." In the first year of Shun Dynasty (1330), yeliya regained the position of Duke of Qin. His in laws were locked up and became a general again, which should be the reward of Wenzong for their participation in the murder and Shifu. However, in July of the same year, Suolo, an old man of the Ming Dynasty, was also killed. Tu Ji believes that "the Yajing believers in Yeli must have nothing to do with creating Fu records and sacrificing Beidou. It is not convenient for them to discuss their origin and make up their prison words to decorate their ears.".

Zhishun Wenzhi

Wenzong's Han culture surpasses all the emperors of Yuan Dynasty before him. His calligraphy was "excellent in writing, and won the stele style of the Jinci Temple of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, so he became more and more accomplished.". He can also paint. His sketch of "long live mountain painting" is "creative craftsmanship, management and style, which is beyond the reach of professional engineers". He once wandered in Jiangnan, Hainan and Jinghu, and should have a good understanding of the people at that time. However, Wenzong was in an era when it was difficult to make a difference. During the Tianli period, there were two major changes in succession, which led to the separation of the upper Mongolian people. After the two capitals war, there were more than 100 officials and nobles who were deprived of their property. Although the officials of Shangdu who were isolated from the besieged city were not investigated, many of them were still removed from their posts. When Emperor mingzong was killed, some of the officials in the Mongol Dynasty were "unable to remove the disease". There were many cases of "treachery" involving kings, senior officials and even famous monks in the western regions. Some of them called on "Prince mingzong".

In the first year of Tianli era (1328), the political affairs of Pingzhang in Sichuan Province, including Nang Jiatai's military campaign, were actually "Yuyi daimingzong"; as soon as Heshi died, Wenzong worried about Nang Jiatai '. The Prime Minister of Yunnan Province, ye'erjini, was the son of an old minister of Wuzong, who begged for taipuji

Chinese PinYin : Yuan Wen Zong