Yu Yunwen

Yu Yunwen

Yu Yunwen (December 14, 1110 - July 18, 1174) was named binfu. Renshou County, Longzhou (now Renshou County, Meishan City, Sichuan Province) people. After Yu Shinan, a famous official in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

In 1154, the 24th year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, Yu Yunwen became a Jinshi. Tired officials in the book of Sheren, straight bachelor's college. When he was sent to the state of Jin, he saw that he carried grain and built ships on a large scale, so he asked the Song court to strengthen defense after returning to the court. In 1161, wanyanliang, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, led the three armed forces to break through the invasion of the south by giving a military adviser to Caishi, which made "the song affairs turn the corner for safety". The next year, he served as the Xuanyu emissary of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and conspired with the general Wu Li to make progress and recover several prefectures and counties in Shaanxi. In the first year of Qiandao (1165), he paid a visit to the governor and the Privy Council. In the third year of Qiandao (1167), he served as Xuanfu envoy and privy council officer of Sichuan. In 1169, he paid homage to the prime minister and appointed Hu Quan, Wang Shipeng, etc. In the eighth year of Qiandao (1172), he was granted the title of prime minister Zuo, a secret envoy and a special advance. He immediately returned to Sichuan and became the Duke of Yongguo, known as "Duke of Yuyong". In the first year of Chunxi (1174), Yu Yunwen died at the age of 65. He was given the title of "Zhongsu".

Yu Yunwen is magnificent and generous. In his early years, he wrote articles to Shentai Pavilion. Later, when he was in danger, he stood up and went out for nearly 20 years. In history, he was known as "the first in the Southern Song Dynasty for his marvelous fighting, ingenious strategy, loyalty and courage". His calligraphy is characterized by "detailed and elegant words and graceful atmosphere", and the ink handed down from generation to generation includes "Shi Zao tie" and "Jun Tang tie". There are "Yu Yonggong memorials" and other handed down, many of them have been lost. Song poetry summary and Song Shu Wen Ji Cun collected his works.

(source of picture in overview)

Life of the characters

Early experience

Yu Yunwen was born in Renshou County of Longzhou on November 2 (December 14), 1110, the fourth year of the Grand View of Huizong of Song Dynasty. His ancestor was Yu Shinan, a famous official in the early Tang Dynasty. Yu Yin, the Seventh Sun of Yu Shinan, was the governor of Renshou (Longzhou), so the Yu family settled here.

Yu Yunwen was intelligent when he was a child. He was able to write at the age of seven. Later, because of his father as an official, he entered the official career. After his mother died, Yu Yunwen was extremely sad. Considering that his father was alone and suffering from illness, he did not transfer his official position for seven years until his father died.

In 1154, Yu Yunwen took part in the imperial examination, and was awarded the Pengzhou general sentence. Later, he changed to know Lizhou and Quzhou. At that time, the prime minister Qin Hui was in power, and Yu Yunwen and other Shu literati were not reused.

In the 25th year of Shaoxing (1155), Qin Hui died of illness. Gaozong wanted to recruit the abandoned scholars of Shu. Zhao Kui, the scholar of Zhongshu, recommended Yu Yunwen to Gaozong. In his response, Yu Yunwen first thought that the monarch should revere the heaven, pacify the people, and follow the patriarchal laws; then he talked about the shortcomings of the literati atmosphere at that time, and proposed that the frivolous, skillful, and harsh should be eliminated when selecting these literati by articles, speeches, and political affairs, so as to make the selected officials have a long way to go; finally, he made a strong statement The disadvantages of Sichuan finance and Fu science and technology loss. After hearing the words, Gao Zong readily adopted them. Later, Yu Yunwen was given the title of secretary Cheng, and he went to the Minister of rites.

Wanyanliang, the emperor of Jin, sent envoys to build Bianliang to invade Song Dynasty. However, Wang Lun, an emissary sent by the Song Dynasty, said that the state of Jin was "obedient and friendly", and Tang situi, the prime minister, was also determined to make peace and "set aside the border and prepare without asking". Later, Wan Yanliang's attempt gradually exposed. Yu Yunwen suggested in the first month of the 30th year of Shaoxing (1160), "the Jin people will surely lose the league, and they will send troops in five ways, hoping to order the important officials to discuss the strategy of preparing for the imperial."

In October 1160, the thirtieth year of Shaoxing, Yu Yunwen took the post of he Zhengshi and sent him to the state of Jin. He and Guan accompanied the guests to shoot, one hit, which surprised the Jin people. In the kingdom of Jin, Yu Yunwen saw that the Jin people were transporting grain and grass and building warships on a large scale. When he left, Wan Yanliang said "see flowers in Luoyang". So after returning to the court, he wrote all these things to the court and asked to strengthen the border preparation along the Huaihe River and the sea.

After that, Yu Yunwen was appointed as Zhongshu Sheren and zhixueyuan. Yu Yunwen thought: "since ancient times, the power of man's master has been transferred to treacherous officials, that is to say, it has been in the hands of pro and eunuchs. Qin Hui stole power for 18 years. After Qin Hui died, power returned to his majesty. Recently, the three yamen officials have made friends with the Zhongguan (eunuch), Xuanhe and mingshou (referring to the Tong Guan Dian Jun and Liang Shicheng's rebellion in the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, and the mutiny between Miao and Liu in the early years of Emperor Gaozong) Gao Zong woke up and banned it immediately.

Great success in quarrying

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< sub > the battle of quarrying

In 1161, wanyanliang, the emperor of Jin, led the main force of Jin's army across the Huaihe River and forced the Yangtze River. The song army was defeated in the front line of Huaihe River and Huaihe River, and the Jin army was no one.

In October, wanyanliang crossed the Huaihe River from wokou, and the song army retreated in the East and west of Huaihe River. Gao zongling knew the affairs of the Privy Council, and ye Yi asked about the affairs of the Jianghuai army. Yu Yunwen was the military staff of the Jianghuai army, and was responsible for assisting Ye Yiwen in resisting the enemy.

In November, Wan Yanliang led the army to approach quarrying. Wang Quan, the commander-in-chief of Huaixi, was removed from his post and was taken over by General Li Xianzhong, while Yu Yunwen was sent to quarry (now Ma'anshan, Anhui Province) as a reward. When Yu Yunwen arrived at the quarry, he saw that the song army was depressed and in a critical situation, so he personally supervised the division and made a speech to the soldiers with loose morale at that time: "if the Jin army successfully crossed the river, where can you escape? Our army controls the Yangtze River. If we rely on the natural danger of the Yangtze River, why can't we survive from the dead? Why can't you fight with the enemy to serve the country? " The speech successfully united the soldiers and greatly inspired them. Then he quickly united the troops scattered along the river, which had no control over them. With 18000 troops, he fought against 150000 Jin troops in Caishiji. As a result, he defeated the Jin troops and won the famous "Caishi victory".

Later, Wan Yanliang moved to Yangzhou, and Yu Yunwen rushed to Zhenjiang prefecture (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) to intercept. Wan Yanliang saw the failure of crossing the river and fled to Yangzhou. The Jin army who attacked other areas was also beaten back by the song army. Wan Yanliang could not help but be furious and put all his eggs in one basket when there was no way to advance or retreat. The Jin army was ordered to cross the river within three days, otherwise they would be executed, which intensified the internal contradictions. In late November, Wan Yanliang was killed by his subordinates. The Jin army retreated thirty Li and sent envoys to discuss peace. After the quarrying war, Yu Yunwen gained a high reputation in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Force cutting

In the first month of the 32nd year of Shaoxing (1162), Gaozong arrived at Jiankang mansion, and immediately discussed the huiluan line in Lin'an mansion. He issued an imperial edict to grant Yuying Suwei envoy Yang Cunzhong as Xuanfu envoy of Jianghuai and Jingxiang roads, and Yu Yunwen as deputy envoy. Because the court officials opposed Yang Cunzhong's appointment, Yu Yunwen was unable to make the trip and changed his post to Xuanyu envoy of Sichuan and Shaanxi. At the time of his resignation, he analyzed the situation to Gaozong and thought that this was the time to "recover" and should insist on using troops.

After Yu Yunwen arrived in Sichuan, he discussed with general Wu Xun to recover the great cause of the Central Plains. He made another northern expedition to the Central Plains. Wu Xun conquered Fengxiang and recovered Gongzhou. The state of Jin wanted to fight for the counties recovered by the song army, while the central part of Shu wanted to give up these places, but Yu Yunwen thought it was impossible.

In order to be loyal to the army in the northern part of Sichuan Province, song Hao and other officials should not give up their position. Yu Yunwen's efforts were fruitless. Wu Xun retreated in a hurry and was attacked by the Jin army, causing heavy losses. The three roads recovered before, Qinfeng, Xihe and Yongxing, re entered the enemy. After that, Yu Yunwen went to Shangshu 15 times, stating the importance of Shaanxi to the great cause of Zhongxing and even the whole Sichuan Province. "Once you abandon it, you will see more and more roads to Sichuan." he also moved to Prime Minister Chen KangBo to ask for support, but Chen KangBo was "on the same line and can't go back.". Xiaozong wanted to summon Yu Yunwen back to the court to inquire about Shaanxi affairs, but the rulers of the court were afraid of him. They only changed him to be a direct Bachelor of xianmoge and zhikuizhou, and he was still in charge of the local government. Soon after, Emperor Xiaozong ordered Yu Yunwen to state his opinions.

In June of the first year of Longxing (1163), Emperor Xiaozong called Yu Yunwen to fight against the prime minister Shi Hao's idea of abandoning the land. He thought that "there are eight reasons to fight" and used wat board to circle the ground to explain the interests of abandoning the land. When Xiaozong woke up, he first ordered Yu Yunwen to make zhitaiping Prefecture by Fuwen Pavilion, and then he was promoted to be the Minister of the Ministry of war and the Xuanfu envoy to the west of Beijing. In July, it was changed to the west of Beijing.

At that time, song Ting sent envoys to discuss peace with the state of Jin. Tang situi, the prime minister who insisted on peace, wanted to give up Tang (now Tanghe in Henan), Deng (now Dengzhou East in Henan), Hai (now Lianyungang in Jiangsu) and Si (now Xuyi North in Jiangsu), which were controlled by the Southern Song Dynasty. Yu Yunwen fought for five times and refused to give up Tang and Deng. Tang Si retreated into a rage, falsely claiming that he had "wronged the country and invited him to a good name", and pretended to call him back to court, which actually meant to crowd him out. Yu Yunwen returned the seal ribbon and begged to be an official. He still insisted that he could not give up the four prefectures. He was awarded xianmoge bachelor and zhipingjiang Mansion by Xiaozong.

In and out of the court

In the second year of Longxing (1164), the state of Jin started a war again. Tang Si was demoted and punished. Xiaozong regretted that he didn't listen to Yu Yunwen's advice. In November of the same year, Emperor Xiaozong called Yu Yunwen into the court and paid homage to the master of Ming Palace and signed a letter to the Privy Council. In December, he was given the power to serve in the Privy Council and participate in political affairs.

In March of the first year of Qiandao (1165), Yu Yunwen was granted the right to participate in political affairs and still knew the affairs of the Privy Council. Autumn of the same year

Chinese PinYin : Yu Yun Wen