Xiao Tong

Xiao Tong

Xiao Tong (501-531, May 7) was born in Lanling County, nanlanling county (now Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province). He was the eldest son of Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, the eldest brother of Xiao Gang, Emperor Jian of Liang Dynasty, and the eldest brother of Xiao Yi, emperor yuan of Liang Dynasty. He was born in Qiliang house (Nanliang house) of Xiao family in Lanling.

In November of the first year of Tianjian (502), he was appointed prince. He is generous and loves literature and Buddhism. "Wax geese hate to wish" happened, and there was a gap between father and son. In the third year of zhongdatong (May 7, 531), he died young at the age of 30. His posthumous title was Zhaoming. He was buried in Anning mausoleum and was known as "Prince Zhaoming" in history. In the first year of Tianzheng (551), Hou Jing supported Yuzhang. After Wang Xiaodong ascended the throne, he pursued the emperor. In the first year of Dading (555), Xiao Zhen, the third son, established the power of Xiliang and pursued the emperor Zhaoming.

He presided over the compilation of Wenxuan, the earliest extant collection of poetry and prose in China, which is historically known as Zhaoming Wenxuan.

(picture in overview source:)

Life of the characters

Xiao Tong was born in Xiangyang in the first year of Qi Zhongxing (501 AD). His father, Xiao Yan, was the governor of Yongzhou at that time, guarding Xiangyang. Later, he took advantage of the civil strife of Qi in the Southern Dynasty and set up the Liang Dynasty in Jiankang (now Nanjing).

In November of the first year of Tianjian (502 AD), Xiao Tong was made the crown prince.

In September of the eighth year of Tianjian (509 A.D.), Xiao Tong talked about filial piety in Shouan hall, and tried his best to achieve great justice. At the end of the lecture, he personally came to explain and laid a foundation in Sinology. In December, Xiao Tong was very compassionate. When he was 12 years old, he went to watch the trial of prisoners. After carefully studying the files, he said, "this man's fault is justifiable. Can I judge him?" The criminal officer agreed, so he made a lighter sentence. Afterwards, the criminal officer reported the situation to Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, and Xiao Yan praised him.

In the 14th year of Tianjian (A.D. 515), on the first month of the lunar new year, Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty came to linxuan and crowned the crown prince in Taiji hall. The old crown prince wrote yuanyouguan, Jinchan Cuiying and Zhaojia Jinbo mountain. The prince is graceful and upright. After reading several lines, he can remember them. Every time you visit the ancestral Road, write poetry to ten rhymes, and sometimes write drama rhymes, you will come out after thinking about it. It's not easy. Emperor Dahong preached Buddhism in person. The prince also believed in the three treasures and read the sutras. The Huiyi hall was set up in the palace to attract famous monks. Independent of the three truths of law and justice.

In April of 520, the first year of the common people's Republic of China, the dew came to Huiyi hall, which is considered to be the feeling of supreme virtue. When the custom is a little extravagant, the prince wants to lead things by himself, and his clothes are simple, and his food is not meat.

In 526, Xiao Tong had a quarrel with his father because he was tired of praying for wax geese.

In March of the third year of zhongdatong (531), he swam to houchi, took a boat to pick up hibiscus, and was rescued after falling into the water. He hurt his thigh and died before he ascended the throne. He was only 31 years old, posthumously named Prince Zhaoming, and was buried in Anning Mausoleum. They are Xiao Huan, Xiao Yu, Xiao Chen, Xiao Bi and Xiao Jian.

In the first year of Tianzheng (551), Hou Jingli, King Xiaodong of Yuzhang, ascended the throne and respected Xiaotong as emperor of Zhaoming.

In the first year of Dading (555), his son Xiao Zhen established the Xiliang and respected Xiao Tong as emperor Zhaoming.

Main achievements

literature

Xiao Tong Du Hao Xuan Xue, who wrote or wrote the twenty volume of the anthology, the ten volume of the positive sequence, the twenty volume of the five character poetry, Yinghua collection, and the thirty volume of the anthology anthology. The original collection has been lost, and later generations compiled the collection of Prince Zhaoming. He believes in Buddhism. The famous Mahayana sutra "Vajrayana Sutra", in which "thirty-two principles" are written by him. After sorting out the original long and coherent scriptures, he made them into thirty-two parts, each paragraph with a condensed subtitle.

Xiao Tong loved reading and had a strong memory. When I was five years old, I read the Confucian "Five Classics". When I was reading, "I read several lines together, and I can remember them when I look at them.". He preferred to "attract talented people and appreciate them tirelessly". So he United a large number of intellectuals with knowledge around him, often together "to discuss literary works, or to discuss ancient and modern with the bachelor, and then to write articles, straightforward." According to the biography of the southern history, there were 30000 volumes of books in the eastern palace at that time, with the combination of fame and talent, and the prosperity of literature, which has not been seen since the Jin and Song dynasties

Politics

Xiao Tong is very compassionate. When he was 12 years old, he went to watch the trial of prisoners. After carefully studying the files, he said, "this man's fault is excusable. Can I make a judgment?" the criminal officer agreed, so he made a lighter judgment. Afterwards, the criminal officer reported the situation to Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, and Xiao Yan praised him.

During the Liang Dynasty, because of the outbreak of war, the price of grain in the capital rose sharply. Xiao Tong ordered the people in the east palace to reduce their clothing and food. Whenever it was rainy, snowy and cold, he sent people to take the food and clothing saved to the refugees. When he was in charge of military uniform affairs, he would make 3000 more clothes every year and distribute them to the poor in winter. At that time, the world was very extravagant. Xiao Tong "wanted to lead things by himself, to serve the emperor simply, to dress in clothes, and not to eat meat at the same time." Xiao Tong is not good at music. Once upon a time, she played the boat in Panyu. Xiao Tong did not answer, chanting Zuo Si's poems of seeking seclusion: "there is no need for silk and bamboo, and the mountains and rivers have a clear sound.".

Xiao Tong was talented when he was young, and had a deep understanding of etiquette. He was pure filial and kind-hearted, and liked to sulk. When he was 16 years old, his mother was seriously ill, so he moved from the east palace to Yongfu Province, where his mother lived. He was sick all day and couldn't take off his clothes. After his mother's death, he was so sad that his diet was useless. His father tried several times to persuade him to eat, but he was still willing to eat only fruits and vegetables. He was a strong man, but he became very thin after the funeral. The officials and the people were moved to tears when they saw him.

Personal works

Zhaoming Wenxuan is the earliest collection of poems and essays of Han nationality. It records more than 100 authors and more than 700 literary works of various genres from the pre Qin Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties. It was compiled by Xiao Tong (501-531), the prince of Zhaoming in the Liang Dynasty, so it is called Zhaoming Wenxuan.

Zhaoming Wenxuan, presided over by Xiao Tong, mainly includes poetry, prose, CI and Fu. Except for a few praises, comments, prefaces and narratives which are regarded as literary works, there are generally no academic works such as classics, history and Zi.

The standard of selection is "things come from meditation, meaning comes from hanzao", that is to say, love and meaning and diction are both inside and outside, but not on one side. Xiao Tong consciously distinguished literary works from academic works and practical works, reflecting the increasingly clear understanding of the characteristics and scope of literature at that time. There are mainly two kinds of annotations in later generations: one is Li Shan's annotation in Tang Xianqing, which is divided into 60 volumes instead of 30 volumes; the other is the annotation of five ministers (LV Yanji, Liu Liang, Zhang Mi, LV Xiang and Li Zhouhan) presented by LV yanzuo in 718. Since modern times, there have been four series, four preparation, and a photocopy of Hu's edition published in 1977.

Character evaluation

According to the biography of Southern history, "there were 30000 volumes of books in the eastern palace at that time, and all the famous talents gathered here. The literary atmosphere had never been prosperous since the Jin and Song dynasties."

Yao Silian: the crown prince's articles are numerous and rich, and the group of talented people want to write them. The crown prince's only envoy xiaochuo collects them.

Sun Chengen: he is a wise and talented man, who has been known for a long time. Be courteous and thrifty, be gentle and love others. He compiled dictionaries and books. Hidden text of Sanskrit, I am confused.

Zhao Yi: the king of entrepreneurship and good at talent and learning, Cao Wei father and son Gu has been absent for hundreds of generations. Secondly, the Qi and Liang dynasties are out of reach Between Xiao Liang and his son, he was especially good at it.

Anecdotes and allusions

Ancient garden

Built in Qi Dynasty and rebuilt in Liang Dynasty, "ancient Xuanpu" is the private garden of Xiao Tong, Prince of Liang Zhaoming. The crown prince built pavilions in the garden and dug good spring pools. The history of humanities is invited to go boating on the lake. During this period, he wrote Zhaoming anthology.

GUSHAN red bean

At that time, Emperor Wu of Nanliang believed in Buddhism and built 480 monasteries in China. Gu Shan built "Guanyin Temple in Xiangshan" and a pavilion called "wenxuanlou" in the temple. Prince Xiao Tong came to Xiangshan temple on behalf of his father. One was to avoid the court struggle, the other was to carefully edit the selected works. One day, the prince went down the mountain to the ancient pond of the market at that time to inspect the people's feelings. I met a beautiful nun named Huiru, who inadvertently talked about the essence of Buddhism. When the prince saw that Huiru was just thinking of Minhui, he immediately fell in love with her. He followed her to the Cao'an, and then went to the Cao'an for many times to have a love talk. However, because one was the prince and the other was a nun, it was difficult for her to become a family member, and the nun fell in love with each other. Hearing the news, the prince wept bitterly, planted double red beans with tears, and named the Cao'an hongdou'an. He left full of Acacia and sorrow. After thousands of years, the tree once decayed into a dead tree in the Yuan Dynasty. However, in the Qianlong period, four new branches sprouted on the trunk, and they grew up to modern times, just like the old Qiulong tree.

Zhaoming diaotai

The prince of Zhaoming has a special relationship with Guichi. Guichi was called Shicheng at that time. It was the feudal capital of Zhaoming, and Zhaoming was the Savior in the eyes of Guichi people. During the reign of Tianjian, there was a severe drought in Shicheng, the fields were cracked, the seedlings were withered, the land was bare and the mays were hungry everywhere. Hearing the news, Prince Zhaoming came to Shicheng to open a warehouse and release grain to relieve the victims. He was deeply loved by the people, praised as a Savior and regarded as a God.

Xiao Tong asks for rain

Working in the area of xiaohuangtang village in Yixi, we can often find some broken bricks and tiles. According to folklore, a long time ago, there were 18 villages in less than 45 square kilometers of ravines. However, in the Liang Dynasty of the northern and Southern Dynasties, when there was a severe drought, the crops failed, and the plague spread, many villagers died of starvation, and the village declined. At this time, Buddhism flourished in the Liang Dynasty, and Xiao Tong, the prince of Zhaoming, toured all over the country, choosing places to build temples on behalf of his father. That day he came

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Tong