Huang Yuansheng

Huang Yuansheng

Huang Yuansheng (1885-1915), whose real name is Huang Yuanyong, is a revolutionary martyr, male, Han nationality. Yuansheng is his pseudonym when he was engaged in journalism.

Life of the characters

He was born in a scholarly family in Dehua County, Jiangxi Province (now Jiujiang County, Jiangxi Province) on January 15, 1885.

It was once known as "China's first truly modern journalist", and its "Yuansheng communication" was regarded as a major brand in the Chinese press at that time. In terms of deeper value and more profound significance, he is also a pioneer of new culture.

Huang Yuansheng had been well influenced by his family since he was a child. He was involved in the collection of classics and history in his early years. His family specially invited a foreign female teacher to teach him English. At the age of 14 (1899), the scholar failed in the examination.

When he was 15 years old (1900), his mother and father died one after another, so he had to sell off his property as living expenses and tuition for entering Nanxun public school in Zhejiang Province. During the holidays, he stayed with his relatives.

At the age of 18 (1903), he took part in the Dehua County examination and got a scholar in the examination. In the autumn of the same year, he won the seventh place in Jiangxi Province. The next year, he took part in the last palace examination of the Qing Dynasty and was a high school Jinshi. Shen Junru, Tan Yankai, ye gongchuo and other well-known people are on the same list. This was the last group of Jinshi in China, and Huang Yuansheng was the youngest among them. He was less than 20 years old at that time.

After he became a Jinshi in middle school, he got the qualification of "county magistrate ready to use", but he didn't want to accept the official position and enter the officialdom according to the practice of the Qing Dynasty. In 1904, he went to Japan as a Jinshi and studied law in the Central University of Japan.

Six years later (1909), he returned to China after finishing his studies. For some reasons, he still entered the officialdom. He successively held the posts of wailang, a member of the Postal Department of the Qing government, a member of the Senate, a compiler, a lecturer of law and politics. He was tired of officialdom and hated the corruption of the Qing Dynasty, so he accepted Li Shengduo's suggestion and resigned his official post after the outbreak of the revolution of 1911 to specialize in journalism.

In 1912, he founded and edited Young China weekly, which was the beginning of his career as a journalist. After that, he also edited Yongyan monthly, which was founded by Liang Qichao. He was a special correspondent of Shanghai Shenbao, the times and Dongfang daily, and a writer of Beijing Asia daily. He also wrote articles for Dongfang magazine, Lun Heng and the national Gazette.

His articles are sharp, sharp, clear-cut and original. He can see the depth that ordinary people can't see from common events. Therefore, people praised his articles as "Dong Lang Xuan PI, you Yin Bi Da". With his own "Yuansheng communication", he made timely and in-depth reports on major issues of public attention at that time, including Sun Yat Sen, Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, Zhang Taiyan, Cai Yuanpei, Yuan Shikai, Li Yuanhong, Lu Zhengxiang, Xiong Xiling, Duan Qirui and other important events, such as the song Jiaoren case, the two downfalls of Yuan cabinet, and 21 articles of humiliation Tang Shaoyi was forced to step down and Lu Zhengxiang was no longer in charge of politics. He can always catch the hearts of readers from all walks of life and tell the truth to the world.

His report "faithfully records and bitterly mocks the darkness of the political situation and the ugly behavior of the new bureaucrats in the early years of the Republic of China.". Zou Taofen later recalled: "every time there was an important accident, he always tried every means to find the most important news materials from the most important sources and use the most rapid means to write vivid and humorous communications for readers. At that time, he was the most exciting thing in terms of exploring news activities."

He has only been engaged in journalism for a short period of four or five years. In these years, he has written a lot of news newsletters and political commentaries, and his workload and creativity are amazing. Yuansheng's posthumous works contains more than 200 articles written by him in recent years, almost all of which are directly or indirectly related to current events, and have a clear position and great influence. He criticized both Yuan Shikai's ambition and the KMT's. Because of this, on the one hand, Yuan Shikai hated him, on the other hand, he wanted to use his talent and influence for his own use.

In 1915, when Yuan Shikai was preparing to become emperor, in order to build up momentum for himself, he tried his best to bribe famous people, including Liang Qichao. Yuan Shikai took a fancy to Huang Yuansheng, a famous reporter at home and abroad, and tried to take him under the banner. He forced Huang Yuansheng to be the chief editor of the Shanghai Asia daily, which he used as his royal servant. Although Huang Yuansheng was unwilling, he did not dare to make a clear refusal. Yuan Shikai sent people to tell Huang Yuansheng that if he could write articles for yuan in favor of monarchy, he would get 100000 yuan in reward and a ministerial seat.

"So Yuanyong was very embarrassed. For seven or eight days in a row, he wanted to postpone his work. There was a letter or two urging him every day." He was so embarrassed that he had no choice but to write a "specious article expressing his concern for the monarchy". But yuan was very dissatisfied with this kind of prevarication and sent someone to force him to rewrite it. When he arrived, there was no room for him to turn around. "However, when he reached the critical moment, he refused to give in. Those days were the most unfortunate circumstances in his life, and the last hurdle for others to fight for life and death. "

In the end, justice prevailed over compromise. On the way to Shanghai, he published the notice of Huang Yuansheng's opposition to the monarchy and resignation from Yuan's newspaper appointment in Shanghai's major newspapers, which clearly expressed his opposition to the monarchy and broke with Yuan Shikai. After arriving in Shanghai, he published notices in Shenbao and current affairs new daily for nine consecutive days, announcing that he was divorced from Shenbao's correspondent in Beijing and Shanghai Asia daily. However, the Asia daily still listed his name as the chief writer in its advertisement, so he had to make a statement in the advertisement column of Shenbao for seven consecutive days to draw a clear line with the Asia daily. In order to avoid the pursuit of Yuan party, he simply left Shanghai on October 24, 1915 by Japanese steamer and went to the United States via Japan. As soon as Huang Yuansheng arrived in San Francisco, the local newspapers reported the arrival of Yuan Yong Huang, a famous Chinese journalist, in the United States. Yuan Yuan Huang was originally a transliteration of "Huang Yuanyong", but "Yuan" and "Yuan" happen to have the same pronunciation. The anti Yuan people among the overseas Chinese rushed to tell us that it was Yuan Shikai's family.

However, the local Kuomintang maliciously propagandized that the overseas Chinese thought they were the cronies sent by Yuan Shikai to America to advocate monarchy. At about 6:00 p.m. on December 25, when Huang Yuansheng was dining in the Guangzhou building of San Francisco's Chinatown, Lin Sen, head of the American general branch of the Chinese Revolutionary Party (the name after the reorganization of the Kuomintang), assigned Liu Beihai to shoot him from behind. He was under 31 years old. Liu Beihai, the murderer who assassinated Huang Yuansheng, told the truth before he died in Taiwan in the mid-1980s. His assassination was directed by the American branch of the Chinese revolutionary party and directly directed by Lin Sen, who later served as chairman of the Nanjing National Government. (it is said that the order of assassination came from Sun Yat Sen, the leader of the Chinese revolutionary party at that time, but there is no evidence.) At the National Symposium on Huang Yuansheng held in September 1985, scholars also agreed that it was Lin Sen (later the president of the Republic of China government) who appointed his guard Liu Beihai to shoot and assassinate Huang Yuansheng.

Character influence

Huang Yuansheng was ambitious and unwilling to accept the official position according to the Qing government practice, so he decided to study in Japan and study law at the Central University of Japan. Six years later, he returned to China and worked as a member of the Ministry of post and communication, a member of the Senate office and a compiler. At this time, Li Shengduo, one of the five northern ministers, went to Western Europe to study the constitutionalism and returned home Huang Yuansheng deeply felt that the Qing government was corrupt and his official career was not clear. He accepted the suggestion and devoted himself to the press. In the first year of the Republic of China, Huang Yuansheng, LAN Gongwu and Zhang Junmai jointly founded the youth China weekly, which was famous for its clear stance of attacking current politics and unique opinions, so it was called "three teenagers of new China". Later, together with Liu shaoshao and Ding foyan, he was praised as "three heroes of the press".

According to the statistics of Li chuanzi's article "the warrior against yuan, the genius of the press", from the 239 articles collected in his "Yuansheng's posthumous works", his communication has carried out timely and in-depth reports on the major issues that people pay attention to in almost every period. Important figures include Sun Yat Sen, Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, Zhang Taiyan, Cai Yuanpei, Yuan Shikai, Li Yuanhong, Tang Shaoyi, Lu Zhengxiang, Zhao Bingjun, Xiong Xiling, Duan Qirui, etc. Important events, such as the assassination of Song Jiaoren, the collapse of Yuan cabinet twice, the "Twenty-one articles" of humiliating the country, Tang Shaoyi being forced to step down from power, Lu Zhengxiang no longer managing politics, and so on, he can seize the hearts of readers from all walks of life and tell the truth to the world. The reason why Huang Yuansheng's death caused great shock is inseparable from his extraordinary contribution and great social influence. He is known as "China's first journalist in a truly modern sense", and his "Yuansheng communication" is regarded as a major brand in the Chinese press at that time. But this is not all of his historical contributions. From a deeper value and a more profound significance, he exists as an image of a new cultural pioneer. Huang Yuansheng's cultural activities lasted only a few years before and after the 1911 Revolution, which was the darkest moment before the awakening of Chinese culture. At this time, the older generation of reformers almost turned their attention to the revival of Chinese traditional culture, from the ideological pioneer who was active in the tide of the times at the end of the 19th century to the cultural conservatism who "did not advance or retreat"; while the cultural radicalists who were completely anti traditional in the "May 4th" generation were still in confusion, confusion, exploration or silence, and had not found China The breakthrough of cultural awakening has not yet formed a huge formation of the new culture movement.

The old is gone, but the new is not

Chinese PinYin : Huang Yuan Sheng