Yang Zengxin

Yang Zengxin

Yang Zengxin (March 6, 1864 - July 7, 1928), a political figure in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, was a warlord in Xinjiang.

Guangxu 15 years (1889) Jinshi. He has successively served as governor of Tianshui County, governor of Hezhou Prefecture, general office of Army Academy, with outstanding achievements. After repelling the Outer Mongolian army for many times, Altay (today's Altay area) was preserved, so that Xinjiang did not suffer serious aggression during his rule. After entering Xinjiang, he successively served as Aksu and Zhendi Daotai. In 1912, he was appointed governor and governor of Xinjiang by Beijing government of the Republic of China. Later, he supported Yuan Shikai as emperor and was appointed first-class earl. After his death, Yuan Shikai served as governor of Xinjiang for a long time. When Yang Zengxin was in charge of Xinjiang, he first used the means of "peace negotiation" to abolish the Ili interim revolutionary government established in the revolution of 1911, and took Xinjiang governor as Ili general; then he sent troops to defeat the Russian invading army, quell the chaos, and changed the Altay special zone to Ashan Road, thus completing the unification of Xinjiang. In his seventeen years in Xinjiang, Yang Zengxin believed in Lao Tzu's political thought of "small country with few people", pursued the ruling policy of "governing by doing nothing", rectified the official administration to "eliminate troubles before sprouting", reduced the number of soldiers, rewarded reclamation, advocated feudal superstition, hindered the establishment of schools and spread science and culture, advocated "never ask about the Central Plains in disputes" and "being ignorant to grow up for the archaic people", and adopted the policy of seclusion and foolishness To govern the people of all ethnic groups has brought all aspects of Xinjiang to a standstill. As for the foreign aggressive forces who covet the border from time to time, they fight against each other and strive to protect themselves and maintain the peace of the border.

In 1928, Yang Zengxin supported the Nanjing National Government, announced the change of banner and became the chairman of Xinjiang Provincial Government on July 1. On July 7 of the same year, he was assassinated by a political enemy. He was 66 years old. His works include bukuzhai Wendu, bukuzhai diary, duyixueji, etc.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Yang Zengxin was born on March 6, 1864 in Mengzi, Yunnan Province. In 1888, Yang Zengxin was elected as the magistrate of Zhongwei County in Gansu Province. At that time, the people of the county could not bear the oppression and exploitation of the government and the rich family, so they revolted. Yang Zengxin was promoted to the governor of Hezhou after he was "meritorious" in the suppression of the local Hui Han issue. After he was meritorious in dealing with the local Hui Han issue, he moved to the general office of Gansu military academy.

In 1896, Yang Zengxin acted as governor of Hezhou, taking measures to heal the war wounds, develop economy and ease ethnic conflicts. First, appease the refugees and resume production. Yang Zengxin issued relief funds to "clean up the rebellious property and recruit people to get the seeds". A large number of refugees returned to their hometown to resume production. In addition to three tenths of the local officials' tax revenue, he converted the grain price of 2700 Wen to one or two silver, and the people suffered from high prices. He made 2300 Wen to one or two silver, which reduced the burden of the people in paying taxes. In the Northeast township of Hezhou, according to the old rule, the villagers had to pay highland barley. Yang Zengxin allowed the people to pay taxes with one stone of wheat for two stones of highland barley. In the Hehuang incident, most of the water mills were destroyed, and some of them changed their owners because of the war. On the one hand, Yang Zengxin was funded by the government to repair the water mill burned down in the war. On the other hand, it is stipulated that all water mills that changed their ownership in the war will be returned to their original owners. It brings great convenience to people's life in Hezhou. Secondly, prevention and reconciliation should be carried out simultaneously to solve ethnic problems. The contradiction between Hui and Han in Hezhou area has a long history. Yang Zengxin restored the construction of Ninghe fort and Lianhua fort and other military passes in Hezhou to prevent Hui rebellion.

In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), Yang Zeng was appointed as the new Gansu tixue envoy and the general office of Wubei school. In 1901, Yang Zengxin left his post as the magistrate of Hezhou, and was "promoted to magistrate by Bao, promoted to Taoist". In 1902, Yang Zengxin was appointed by song fan, governor of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, as a new school in Gansu Province. In the same year, Songfan recommended Yang Zengxin, Wang Shunan and other five people to visit the Ministry, and went to Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Anhui to investigate academic affairs. In 1903, Songfan appointed Yang Zengxin to set up the Wengao school. The school was based on practical learning, including classics, history, mathematics, physics and chemistry, natural history, geography, English, Japanese, Russian and gymnastics. Yang Zengxin also founded schools of military equipment, army, normal school, patrol police and industry, and personally compiled regulations and prescribed courses. In 1907, he was transferred to the general office of Xinjiang Army Academy. The next year, he was recommended to Beijing by the governor of Xinjiang. He met Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu, and was transferred to Aksu Daoyin.

In the same year, he came to Xinjiang under the recommendation of Wang Shuzhen, Xinjiang's political envoy, and successively served in Aksu, Urumqi, Balikun and other places in Xinjiang. In the first year of Xuantong (1909), Yang Zengxin was appointed as the commander of Aksu army. In the second year of Xuantong (1910), Yang Zengxin was appointed as the Xinjiang Tifa envoy. In 1911, on the eve of the revolution of 1911, he was transferred to Zhendi Daoyin and Xinjiang Tifa envoy.

Governor Xinjiang

In October of the third year of Xuantong (1911), the revolution of 1911 broke out, and the elder brother's Association in Xinjiang broke out. Yuan Dahua, the governor of Xinjiang Province, understood his ability, was promoted to the post of chief inspector of criminal justice, and trained the Muslim army. Later, Yuan Dahua fled Xinjiang and recommended him as the governor.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the Republic of China was founded, and Sun Yat Sen was the interim president. The revolutionaries of Yili in Xinjiang launched an uprising, killed general Zhirui of Yili and declared independence. Yang Zengxin saw the fall of the Qing Dynasty. He proposed to Yuan Dahua, the governor of Xinjiang, to recruit troops on the ground of protecting the provincial capital and maintaining public order. Yuan Dahua granted his request, and Yang Zengxin recruited five cavalry battalions as his commander. In February of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Yuan Shikai acted as the interim president and appointed yuan Dahua as the governor of Xinjiang. Yuan Dahua was not accepted, and Yuan Hongyou was recommended as Kashi Daoyin. Yang Zengxin was extremely dissatisfied with this and secretly bribed elder brother member Wei Dexi and others to kill yuan Hongyou on May 7. On June 30, Cai Leshan camp, the already pacified revolutionary army, turned against the tide, and Yuan recommended Yang Zeng as the new governor of Xinjiang. When Yang Zengxin took office, he raised his troops to suppress Cai Leshan. Earlier, Feng Temin, a member of the revolutionary party, was wanted by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang, for propagating the revolution in Wuchang, and fled to Ili to establish a new Iraqi military government. Feng Temin saw that Yang Zengxin was a novice with a military talisman, and strongly recommended Yang Zengxin as the military commander. Then the Xinjiang governor's office was built with the new Iraqi military government. In order to take Yang Zengxin as a wing, Yuan Shikai appointed him as Xinjiang governor and political envoy, and secretly ordered him to strictly guard against the activities of revolutionaries.

After the elimination of the revolutionary party, Yang Zengxin adopted the strategy of "leaving the nest first, and then dissolving the military power" to break up the brotherhood. He used the strategy of "diverting the tiger from the mountain" to transfer Bian Yongfu and Wei Dexi to Dihua (now Urumqi, Xinjiang). After they arrived at the provincial capital, he sent Wei Dexi back to the mainland and took Bian Yongfu back to Gansu for execution. In this way, until 1916, the important members of the brotherhood were eliminated by him.

In this way, Yang Zengxin, relying on more political experience and military strength, calmed down the Muslim uprising in Hami, differentiated and suppressed the local brotherhood and peasant uprising, and reached a consensus with the Ili military government, and gradually eliminated the influence of military government figures and grasped real power. In the 17 years since his death, although he was nominally under the jurisdiction of the Beiyang government, and later accepted the Nanjing National Government as the provincial president in 1928, he actually ruled Xinjiang independently. At the same time, Yang Zengxin adjusted the political system in Xinjiang, which made it easy to unify the powers, and solved the problem that the governors, generals, counsellors and ministers in Xinjiang were not unified since the Qing Dynasty.

Calm down the chaos

In the early days of Yang Zengxin's reign in Xinjiang, there were internal and external troubles, social unrest, and external Russian imperialism instigated and supported the "independence" of Mongolian living Buddha Zhebuzundanba. He separated from China and sent troops to invade the border of Xinjiang and occupy khobudo. The Beiyang government ordered Xinjiang, Yili and Altay to send troops to resist. Inside, there were frequent activities and riots of Gelaohui, revolutionaries revolted against dududufu, and tiemuer in Hami launched peasant uprising. In the face of turmoil, Yang Zengxin concentrated all his efforts on fighting the outside world first and then governing the inside world. First of all, the provincial treasury funds were exhausted and troops were sent to support Altay, which is adjacent to Khovd. When Russia saw the situation, it clamored to send troops to intervene. Yang Zengxin was not afraid of the threat, and sent troops to guard tuochahan Tonggu. The tsarist Russia failed in blackmail, and sent troops to Yili and Altay to force Yang Zengxin to withdraw. Yang Zengxin stood still. In October 1913, the Czarist Russian consul in Altay decided without authorization that the troops in Xinjiang were not allowed to move forward. In November, Yuan Shikai signed with the Czarist Russian Embassy in China the "Sino Russian declaration document" and the "Sino Russian declaration another document", ceding khobudo to "independent" Outer Mongolia. In December, Paletta and Czarist Russia illegally signed the "Sino Mongolian Military Armistice Agreement" to withdraw the troops from chahantonggu Back to Yuanhu. Yang Zengxin flatly refused and stuck to his territory.

Internally, Yang Zengxin used softness to overcome hardness and beat each other. On the one hand, he was pacifying, on the other hand, he was suppressing. He appointed Zhang tingcai, the capital secretary, to appease tiemu'er, the leader of the peasant uprising. Tiemu'er led 130 elite soldiers to Dihua, and Yang Zengxin was appointed the commander of the Third Battalion of Dingbian horse brigade. Later, Yang Zengxin saw that tie had surrendered, so he hanged tie mu'er, and his elite soldiers were also executed. Yang Zengxin placed the revolutionaries under surveillance in different districts and counties, and then removed them one by one. He Jiadong, the leader of the revolutionaries in Kashgar, was then the director of the Provincial Department of civil affairs. Yang Zengxin sent him out of the country with a large sum of money. After the revolutionaries were leaderless, Yang Zengxin ordered his cronies to kill them. In less than two years, Yang Zengxin started the revolution

Chinese PinYin : Yang Zeng Xin