Ye Mingchen

Ye Mingchen

Ye Mingchen (1807-1859), known as kunchen, was born in Hanyang, Hubei Province (now Hanyang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province). He was an important minister and famous Minister of Southern Xinjiang in the late Qing Dynasty. He was also a governor and Minister of Commerce of Guangdong and Guangxi. He was a first-class baron.

Ye Mingchen was a Jinshi in the 15th year of Daoguang (1835) of the Qing Dynasty. He selected a good scholar and gave him editing. He has successively served as the inspector general of yanpingdao in Shanxi Province, Yandao in Jiangxi Province, Yunnan Province, and the political adviser of Hunan Province, Gansu Province and Guangdong Province. In 1848, he was promoted to governor of Guangdong. In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), Wu San, a bandit of luojinghui, was annihilated and the crown prince Shaobao was granted. On October 8, 1856, when the "yarrow" incident broke out, ye Mingchen adopted a tough policy and refused to accept the unreasonable demands of the British aggressors. The second Opium War broke out and ye Mingchen was defeated and captured. In 1859, he died of hunger strike in Calcutta, India. He was 52 years old.

As one of the most important figures in the second Opium War, ye Mingchen was responsible for the Qing government's diplomacy and trade, and fought against the British invading army. He made great contributions to the social development and social stability of Guangdong.

(the general picture is taken from the old photo of Ye Mingchen of Nanjing Museum General Office of Nanjing qingjiangning political envoy Office)

Life of the characters

Early experience

In 1807, ye Mingchen was born in Hanyang, Hubei Province (now Hanyang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province).

In the third year of Daoguang (1823), ye Mingchen was listed in the Deputy list of rural examination.

In the 15th year of Daoguang (1835), ye Mingchen passed the examination of Jinshi, selected Shu Jishi, and granted editing.

In 1838, ye Mingchen was promoted to governor of Xing'an prefecture (now Ankang City), Shaanxi Province.

In 1839, ye Mingchen was promoted to Yanping Road, Shanxi Province.

rapidly go up in the world

In 1840, ye Mingchen was transferred to yanfadao in Jiangxi Province.

At the beginning of the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842), ye Mingchen was promoted to the post of governor of Yunnan. At the end of the same year, ye Mingchen was promoted to Hunan Minister for his contributions to the flood relief in Jiangxi Province.

In 1843, ye Mingchen was transferred to Gansu Province.

In the 26th year of Daoguang (1846), when Ding you's term expired, ye Mingchen took up the post of governor of Guangdong.

In 1848, he was promoted to governor of Guangdong.

In the 29th year of Daoguang (1849), the British proposed to enter the Old Testament of Guangzhou two years ago. Ye Mingchen and Governor Xu Guangjin insisted that they would not agree. They united with the militia and were on strict alert. The Chinese merchants tried to stop trade to balance them. The British had to discuss again and again and confer ye Mingchen the title of first-class baron.

In 1850, ye Mingchen pacified the bandit rebellion in Yingde county and was expelled from youxugong.

In the first year of Xianfeng, ye Mingchen annihilated Wu San, a bandit of Luo Jinghui, and added the title of Prince Shaobao.

In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), Xu Guangjin went to Guangxi and ordered ye Mingchen to take over the task of suppressing and arresting Luo Jing and to go out to Gaozhou. In the autumn of the same year, Ling Shiba, the bandit leader of Luo Jing, was annihilated. He was given the title of governor ye Mingchen and went to South and Shaoguan to supervise and suppress the uprising. Soon after, he was promoted to governor and Minister of Commerce of Guangdong and Guangxi for his outstanding military achievements.

Defeated and captured

In the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), the bandits of Guangzhou invaded the provincial capital. Ye Mingchen sent his generals to fight against the city. He successively recovered Foshan, Longmen, Conghua, Dongguan, Yangshan, Heyuan, Zengcheng and FengChuan, Haifeng and Kaijian in Shaozhou, enhuilai in Chaozhou, Zhaoqing and Deqing, which were occupied by the rebel army. The military affairs of neighboring provinces were developing rapidly, and most of the food equipment depended on Guangdong Ji, famous Chen, was praised by the people at that time.

In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), he was awarded the associate degree of governor ye Mingchen.

In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), ye Mingchen was granted the bachelor degree of Ti renge, and he remained as governor.

Those who would be forced to Guangzhou by bandits, or who would borrow foreign soldiers to resist thieves, would be reprimanded. Shen Dihui, the commander in charge of the investigation, has the most achievements. He is one of the top officials and gentry. Those who have done their best in military training will be rewarded. If they don't play, the military training will be disintegrated. They also strictly controlled the remaining gangs, or by arresting and killing the bandits, they fled from the bandits and did not dare to return. Their crafty people threw themselves into Hong Kong and urged the British to attack Guangzhou. During the patrol of the river, the General Commander of Huishui met a rowboat with a British flag. Thirteen people were found and their flag was drawn. The British Consul Bashar was not able to ask for it, and the title of the book was full of censure. He said that the bandits should be removed, that they should not hold it without authorization, and that it was especially impolite to destroy the flag. The order of Mingchen sent 13 people to the consul, but they didn't accept it. They had to ask for the thousand generals, so they set it up. In a short time, he sent a messenger to tell him: "it's better to attack the city than to make an appointment between China and Vietnam." By the end of the war, the British soldiers had seized Liede and Zhongliu fort. Mingchen said, "you should go by yourself." The navy was ordered not to fight, so the fortresses of Fenghuang Mountain and Haizhu were all occupied, shelling the provincial capital. On October new year, the city was destroyed, and then it came back. When the governor of Guangzhou was sent to interrogate him about the use of troops, the British said, "if the officials of the two countries do not meet, they will not be close. Listen to rumors by mistake and make up again and again. Please come into the city and have a face-to-face discussion. " Don't allow it if you are famous. Please hold a meeting outside the city. Tens of thousands of soldiers are trained to help. They are afraid of the enemy's firearms and can't fight hard. The people were so angry that they burned the houses of Britain, France and the United States, and all the thirteen lines of the past were destroyed. British soldiers also burned thousands of houses and returned to dahuangkou to report to their countries.

They sent soldiers from Hong Kong and Macao to collect money. Mingchen's words contradicted wildly and did not answer. The consuls of France and the United States also demanded compensation, and told the British soldiers that they had decided to attack the city, and that they had to mediate. Mingchen thought about it and threatened me, but he didn't listen to it, and he didn't want to use the equipment. Seven years later, the British army attacked Dongguan, and Dong Kaiqing, the commander-in-chief of the army, was defeated. He sent a boat to deliver a note, but Ming Chen replied that he could not do business. Leshu said: "the British were tired of soldiers, and all the things in Guangdong were done by Er Luojin. I have always insisted that if I am poor, I should surrender myself. " It's a secret edict not to be despised. I still believe that I am sure of it, and I still praise and encourage it. In September, the British soldiers arrived suddenly, and the French and American soldiers followed. Zhang Yun, the general's commander in charge of business and war, was famous for his ability to deal with the enemy's poverty. When people see it, they are not surprised. They do not declare that everything is secret. They turn their doubts to Yang and refuse to let Yin caress them. In November, the enemy announced that it was outside the city and broke it at 24 o'clock to persuade the merchants to move away. Shelling the governor's office, the city was burned down. Governor Bai Guixi, gentleman Wu Chongyao and others negotiated peace. Mingchen still held the idea that he was not allowed to enter the city. He stayed away from the left capital at night and unified the Department. The British people asked for it and boarded the boat. When the general and the governor heard about it, they denounced Mingchen for being headstrong, for being perverse, and for depriving him of his duties, so the British occupied the provincial capital, banned the governor and other officials, and blamed him for pacifying the people. After several years of stalemate, the general administration was set up in Foshan. The joint mission of all countries to Tianjin has been very fruitful.

die in a strange land

After Ming Chen was captured, the British took him to Bengal, India, where he lived in Zhenhai. When you were still a painter and calligrapher, you signed "suwu on the sea", wrote poems to see your ambition, and recited Lu Zu's Sutra day by day. Nine years later, he died.

Main impact

Suppress the uprising

Ye Mingchen was a powerful man in his life. In the turbulent environment of the 1850s, many governors and governors were defeated because they could not cope with the current situation. However, ye Mingchen was deeply trusted by Emperor Xianfeng and was firmly in the position of governor of Guangdong and governor of Guangdong and Guangxi in 1989. This, of course, has something to do with ye Mingchen's deep understanding of the way of being an official and his frankness and ruthlessness in suppressing various rebellions and uprisings in Guangdong.

It was the blood of these heroes who were forced to mount Liangshan that made ye Mingchen's throne stable. On this basis, ye Mingchen constantly asked emperor Xianfeng for credit and reward, and Emperor Xianfeng also spared no effort to add official titles to governor Ye. In the first year of Xianfeng, he was awarded the title of Prince Shaobao; in the second year of Xianfeng, ye Mingchen was promoted to three levels: first, he was awarded the title of governor, then acted as governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and finally he was officially promoted to governor of Guangdong and Guangxi; in the fifth year of Xianfeng, he was first awarded the title of associate Bachelor of governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and then was awarded the title of associate Bachelor of Ti Ren Ge. Ye Mingchen was the only local official who served as governor for a long time and was constantly sealed. "Ye Xiang, who had a clear view of the Imperial Academy, was not yet forty years old and had been appointed to the post of emperor Jiangqi. He was tired of his meritorious achievements and was awarded the title of obeisance. Therefore, he suspected that all the successful people in ancient and modern times were just like this."

Ye Mingchen deeply understood the secret and secret. It was the blood of the rioters that made his official fortune prosperous. There is no constant "flat storm" performance, the basis of its position is suspended. To focus on the cause of combating violence is to develop the cause. Ye Mingchen devoted almost all his energy to his domestic affairs. This is ye Mingchen's most rational choice. As for the Imperial Envoys, they are only responsible for the affairs of foreigners. Between the governors of Guangdong and Guangxi and the Imperial Envoys, ye Mingchen obviously preferred the post of governor. Even though Guangzhou city had been attacked by the British and French allied forces since October 1856, what ye Mingchen wrote to Emperor Xianfeng was still a report of "suppressing bandits". In ye Mingchen's view, these figures of exterminating bandits are the magic weapon to resolve the crisis of his official career. Without these "figures", ye Mingchen is a governor who will be dismissed and investigated. It was not only in ye Mingchen's fame and fortune, but also in the interests of the Qing Dynasty rulers. At the same time, he also used "empty city stratagem", trying to show calm in front of the British and French allied forces, so that they did not know the details, trying to scare away the British and French allied forces: "talk highly about respecting the hustle and bustle, straighten out calm, and be in the middle of being neither hard nor soft, neither competing nor embroidering." However, the British and French allied forces were neither a small group of bandits who were on the verge of collapse, nor Sima Yi. In the end, ye Mingchen was captured and died in a foreign land.

The battle of entering the city

The draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty said: "the name of Chen is wooden, and he is diligent in official affairs. At the beginning, he and Xu Guangjin refused the British to enter the city. They were given special treatment because they were proud of what they had done before. When it comes to China's diplomacy, I will give a brief answer or not. " During his tenure as governor of Guangdong and governor of Guangdong and Guangdong, he used public opinion to prevent the British from entering Guangzhou.

After the end of the first Opium War, the Qing government allowed the British to trade with five people, so they had to send consuls to five places to deal with business affairs. So Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, Shanghai

Chinese PinYin : Ye Ming Chen