Fangling

Fangxian

Fangxian, subordinate to Shiyan City, Hubei Province, is located in the northwest of Hubei Province and the south of Shiyan City. It has a north subtropical monsoon climate, which is between 110 ° 02 ′ - 111 ° 15 ′ E and 31 ° 34 ′ - 32 ° 31 ′ n. The total area of Fangxian is 5110 square kilometers. By 2019, Fangxian County has 12 towns and 8 townships with a total population of 488000. The county government is located in Chengguan town.

Fangxian County, known as Fangling in ancient times, is named after "thousands of miles in length, four fortresses in mountains and forests, its high solid mausoleum, if there are houses". Fangling county was first established in the Qin Dynasty, which belongs to Hanzhong county. On September 29, 1994, the State Council approved the merger of Yunyang district administrative office and Shiyan City of Hubei Province, implementing the system of city leading county. Fangxian County was under the jurisdiction of Shiyan City. On February 2, 2019, Fangxian County was rated as the county-level advanced unit of Chinese medicine by the State Administration of traditional Chinese medicine. In April 2020, with the approval of the people's Government of Hubei Province, Fangxian County officially withdrew from the poverty-stricken county sequence. In November 2020, it will be selected into the list of the first batch of model counties (cities and districts) of deepening the reform of small reservoir management system by the Ministry of water resources.

In 2018, Fangxian's GDP was 9553.28 million yuan, an increase of 8.2% over the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 2954.73 million yuan, an increase of 3.1%; the added value of the secondary industry was 316.65 million yuan, an increase of 12.5%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 3411.9 million yuan, an increase of 9%.

Historical evolution

Before the Western Zhou Dynasty, Fangxian was the Fang state of Peng tribe. In the sixth year of Fangxian annals, Emperor Danzhu fled from Shun in Fangling. Shun rang Fuke, then sealed in the house, is for the house country (Fangguo is the earliest tribal country in recorded history)

Fangxian was Liangzhou city in ancient times. Before the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was a tribal country like Peng and Fang.

In the spring and Autumn period, it was the place of Fangzhu (belonging to J ü n), the name of the state in the spring and Autumn period, which was destroyed by Chu, in the west of Yunxian County in Hubei Province today), Yong (the name of the ancient state, which is in the southeast of Zhushan County in Hubei Province, and destroyed by Chu in the spring and Autumn period). The Warring States period is Fangling, belonging to Chu.

Qin, zhifangling County, belongs to Hanzhong county. It is named after "Qianli, Shanlin, gugaoling, ruoyou". (the name of Fangxian comes from this)

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was governed by Fangling county and changed to Jingzhou.

In the first year of the Wei and Huang dynasties in the Three Kingdoms (220), hefangling and Shangyong were called Xincheng County, and Fangling was called Xincheng County.

In the sixth year of Yuankang (296), Emperor Huidi of Jin Dynasty was transferred to Liangzhou.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, there were changes. Fangling county was changed into Guangqian County in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Sui Daye two years (606), for Fangling county.

In the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), Guangqian county was changed to Fangling County, which was governed by Fangzhou and was attached to the South East Road of the mountain.

In the third year of song Yongxi (986), Fangzhou was promoted to Baokang army, which was attached to the Southwest Road of Beijing.

Yuan for Fangzhou governance, Li Huguang Zhongshu province Xiangyang Road. In 1342, Fangling County entered Fangzhou.

Ming Hongwu ten years (1377), demoted to county, began to call Fangxian, is Huguang minister Xiangyang house. In the 12th year of Chenghua (1476), Yunyang was administered by Fu, and Fangxian County was under the jurisdiction of Yunyang Prefecture.

In the early years of the Republic of China, it belonged to Xiangyang Road; in the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), it was subordinate to the 11th administrative supervision district of Hubei Province; in the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), it was subordinate to the 8th administrative supervision district of Hubei Province.

Fangxian is an old revolutionary Soviet area. In the summer of 1931, he long, Deng Zhongxia and Liu Zhixun led the second regiment of the Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants to fight in Fangxian, opened up the Soviet Area in Northwest Hubei with Fangxian as the center, and established the Fangxian Soviet government.

In the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), Wang Shusheng and Luo Houfu led the five breakout troops of the New Fourth Army of the Central Plains to fight in Fangxian County. In Zhongba, Fangxian County, they established the Northwest Hubei military region, the Northwest Hubei administrative office and the people's Government of Fangxian County, and created the Northwest Hubei base area with Wudang Mountain Area of Fangxian County as the center.

In January 1949, the 12th brigade of the fourth column of Chen Xie corps of the Chinese people's Liberation Army and the troops of the southern Shaanxi military region launched the Fangzhu campaign to liberate Fangxian County and set up the people's democratic government of Fangxian County, which belongs to the Liangyun special region of Shaanxi Province.

In April 1950, the Liangyun special district of Shaanxi Province was put under the jurisdiction of Hubei Province, which was changed into the office of Yunyang administrative Commissioner of Hubei Province. Fangxian County is under its jurisdiction.

In 1953, Yunyang administrative Commissioner's office was abolished and put under the jurisdiction of Xiangyang administrative Commissioner's office. Fangxian County is under its jurisdiction.

In 1965, Xiangyun was separated and Yunyang special office was set up again. Fangxian County was still under Yunyang area.

In 1970, with the approval of the State Council, most of the southern part of Fangxian County was included in the newly established Shennongjia forest region, which has become the main part of Shennongjia today.

On September 29, 1994, the State Council approved the merger of Yunyang district administrative office and Shiyan City of Hubei Province, implementing the system of city leading county. Fangxian County is under the jurisdiction of Shiyan City.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1996, Fangxian County had a total area of 5110 square kilometers and a population of 503000. It has jurisdiction over 7 towns and 17 townships: Chengguan Town, Jundian Town, hualongyan Town, Qingfeng town, damuchang Town, Tucheng Town, mengusi Town, Hongta Township, Qiaoshang Township, anyangping Township, Huilong Township, Zhongba Township, shangkan Township, Jiudao Township, Qinkou Township, yaohuai Township, Yaoping Township, banqiaopu Township, Tongsheng Township, baiwo Township, zhongyanhe Township, wanyuhe Township, Shahe Township and Langkou township. There is one national park in the territory Camp forest farm. The county government is located in Chengguan town.

At the end of 2004, the total population of Fangxian County was 453282. It has jurisdiction over 7 towns of Chengguan, Jundian, hualongyan, Tucheng, damuchang, Qingfeng and mengusi, 12 townships of yaohuai, Langkou, Hongta, baiwo, Qiaoshang, Shahe, wanyuhe, Jiudao, shangkan, Zhongba and Yaoping, 12 neighborhood committees and 279 village committees.

On October 9, 2005, Hubei Provincial Department of Civil Affairs issued the reply on renaming baiwo Township in Fangxian County as Baihe township (e-civil affairs FA No. 67): with the approval of the provincial government, it was agreed that baiwo Township in Fangxian County should be renamed as Baihe township.

In early 2010, the Hubei provincial government approved the abolition of Qiaoshang Township and the establishment of Yerengu town in Fangxian County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, and the abolition of Baihe Township and the establishment of Baihe Town.

In August 2011, with the approval of the provincial government and the reply of the Provincial Department of civil affairs, it was agreed that yaohuai Township and Hongta township should be abolished and liyaohuai town and Hongta town should be set up in Fangxian County.

In March 2012, approved by the provincial government and approved by the Provincial Department of civil affairs, Fangxian County was approved to abolish Langkou Township and establish yinjifu town. After the adjustment, Fangxian County has jurisdiction over 12 towns, 7 townships and 1 farm.

On March 6, 2019, the Central Propaganda Department, the Ministry of finance, the Ministry of culture and tourism, and the State Administration of cultural relics confirmed the list of the first batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics. Fangxian is the western part of Hunan and Hubei.

In 2019, Fangxian County governs 12 towns, 8 townships and 359 Village (neighborhood) committees.

Zoning details

By 2019, Fang County has jurisdiction over 12 towns including Chengguan Town, Jundian Town, hualongyan Town, Tucheng Town, damuchang Town, Qingfeng town, mengusi Town, Baihe Town, Yerengu Town, Hongta Town, yaohuai town and yinjifu town; it has jurisdiction over 8 townships including Yaoping Township, Shahe Township, wanyuhe Township, shangkan Township, Zhongba Township, Jiudao Township, Huilong Township and Wutai Township, and the county government is stationed in Chengguan town.

geographical environment

Location and context

Fangxian County is located in the northwest of Hubei Province and the south of Shiyan City, between 110 ° 02 ′ - 111 ° 15 ′ E and 31 ° 34 ′ - 32 ° 31 ′ n, connecting Baokang County and Gucheng County in the East, Danjiangkou City in the northeast, Shennongjia forest region in the South and Zhushan County in the west, with a total area of 5110 square kilometers.

topographic features

Fangxian is high in the West and low in the East, steep in the South and gentle in the north, and flat in the middle. In the territory, the proportion of flat dam and hilly area is 17.1%, while the proportion of high mountain area is 44.4%, and the proportion of high mountain area is 38.5%. Taking the Qingfeng fault zone as the boundary, the northern mountain ranges from 800 to 1000 meters above sea level. The trend of the mountains is generally east-west, northeast or southeast, and the slope is generally between 10 ° and 50 °. The back of the mountain is open, and the top of the mountain is wall shaped. There are river valleys and basins scattered among them. It is the main production area of corn, rice, wheat and Muer;

In the middle part of the county, a long and narrow fault basin is formed around the Malan River Valley, with an altitude of 400-600 meters. It is not only the granary of the county, but also an important base for the development of fruit and wood plantations. In the south, it is a mountainous area with lofty and steep mountains, most of which are more than 1000 meters. It is the main production area of corn, miscellaneous grain and timber forests. The highest altitude of the county is shangkan guanjiaya in the southwest, with an altitude of 2485.6 meters; the lowest altitude is jiangjiapo in Damu, with an altitude of 180 meters, with an altitude difference of 2306 meters.

climate

Fangxian belongs to the north subtropical monsoon climate zone. Its characteristics are as follows: long winter and short summer, similar spring and autumn, four distinct seasons; large vertical variation, with three-dimensional climate; the same altitude, the temperature difference between the sunny slope and the shady slope is 1-2.5 ℃; rainfall is concentrated, and the rain is hot in the same season. The annual average temperature is between 10 ℃ and 15 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 17.6 ℃ (January 30, 1977), and the extreme maximum temperature is 40.4 ℃ (July 20, 1996). The annual average frost free period is 223 days, long in the north and short in the south, 240 days for Damu in the north, 174 days for Artemisia ordosica in the south, and 210-240 days for most of the rest areas.

The annual average precipitation is 914mm, and the rainy days are between 100-140 days, increasing from north to south. Damu town had the least rainy days (106 days), and Qiaoshang Township had the most rainy days (140 days). The annual sunshine hours are 1700-2000 hours. The main disastrous weather affecting crop growth is "late spring cold" in spring, "Karber drought" in summer and rainy and low temperature weather in autumn.

hydrology

There are 1261 rivers in Fangxian County, with a total length of 3455 km

Chinese PinYin : Fang Ling