Emperor Wu of Song Dynasty

Liu Yu

Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of Song Dynasty

(April 16, 363 - June 26, 422), with the name of Deyu and the nickname of jinu. Pengcheng County Pengcheng County suiyuli people, was born in Jinling County Dantu County jingkouli. He was an outstanding statesman, reformer and militarist from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the southern and Northern Dynasties. He was the founding monarch of Liu Song Dynasty (July 10, 420 to June 26, 422).

Liu Yu had been poor since he was a child, and later he joined the Beifu army as a general. Since the third year of Long'an (399), Emperor Jin'an pacified sun'en's uprising internally, eliminated the separatist forces such as Huan Chu, Xi Shu, Lu Xun, Liu Yi and Sima Xiu, and unified the south for a century; exterminated Nanyan, Hou Qin and other countries, subdued Qiu Chi, defeated the Northern Wei Dynasty's iron cavalry with queyue array, recovered Huaibei, Shandong, Henan and Guanzhong, and recovered Luoyang and Chang'an All. With great military achievements, he was able to take over the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He worshipped the prime minister and Yangzhou mu, and was granted the title of king of the Song Dynasty.

In the first year of Yongchu (420), Liu Yu established himself on behalf of Jin Dynasty, established his capital Jiankang, and was known as "Song Dynasty". During the period of being in power, he learned the lesson from the tyranny of the former dynasty, strengthened the centralization of power, restrained the annexation, carried out the local judgment, rectified the administration of officials, used the poor scholars, revitalized education, sent envoys to visit the people's sufferings for many times, despised the corvee and meagre taxes, abolished the harsh laws, and improved the social situation, which ended the era of autocratic politics and established the political pattern of "cold people taking the lead". He made great contributions to the economic development of Jiangnan and the protection and development of Han culture, and created the most extensive period of the Six Dynasties in Jiangzuo, laying a solid foundation for the "rule of Yuanjia". Li Zhi, a man of the Ming Dynasty, praised him as "the king of peace and prosperity".

In 422, Liu Yu planned to invade the Northern Wei Dynasty. Before he left school, he died of illness at the age of 60. The temple, named Gaozu and Emperor Wu, was buried in the tomb of Chu Ning. He is the author of a volume of essentials of the art of war, which has been lost.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Liu Yu's ancestral home is suiyuli, Pengcheng county. He is the 22nd grandson of Liu Jiao, king of the Yuan Dynasty and the younger brother of Liu Bang, emperor of the Han Dynasty. In his early years, his family lived in Jingkou, Dantu County, Jinling county. Zhu Zongbin attributed Liu Yu's family status to the "lower gentry" in Jiangzuo (Chen Yinke thought it was "second-class gentry").

Liu Yu was born at night on March 17, the first year of emperor AI of Jin Dynasty (April 16, 363). At that time, his family was poor, and his mother died of illness after childbirth. Her father, Liu Qiao, was unable to ask her mother to nurse Liu Yu. For a time, she planned to abandon him. It was only because Liu Huaijing's mother helped her raise Liu Yu that she was able to survive.

When Liu Yu grew up, he was "magnanimous" and was seven feet and six inches tall. He was very strong and did not stick to details. He served his stepmother and was famous for his filial piety. In his early years, his family was too poor to make a living by cutting firewood, farming land, fishing and selling straw sandals. Liu Yu only knew some words. He had lost his fortune because of gambling and was despised by the village. Most people could not appreciate him at that time. However, Wang MI, who was born in the Wang family of Langya, appreciated Liu Yu. Wang Mi once said to him, "you should be a hero."

Contribute to the army

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< sub > SUN en and Lu Xun Uprising

General Liu yuhou became the champion of the northern army.

In November of the third year of Long'an (399), Emperor Jin'an, sun en launched an anti Jin war in Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). Eight southeast counties responded, and the government and the opposition were shocked. The Jin government dispatched Xie Yan, a general of the imperial guards, and Liu Kuzhi, a former general, to suppress it. Or because of sun Wuzhong's recommendation, Liu Yu transferred to Liu Jianzhi and joined the army. In December, Liu Kuzhi led his troops to Wu, and sent Liu Yu to lead several ten people to spy on the movements of the volunteers. Unfortunately, when he met thousands of volunteers, Liu Yu led the people to fight against him. When most of his followers died in the war, he still danced a long sword and fought hard. Later, Liu Jingxuan, the son of Liu Jianzhi, and the main cavalry troops came one after another. The uprising army retreated, and Liu Yu took advantage of the victory to recover Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Sun en fled back to the sea.

In May 401, sun en conquered Kuaiji Prefecture and killed Xie Yan. In November, Liu Jianzhi led the eastward expedition again, and sun en was defeated. Liu Junzhi was stationed in Shangyu and sent Liu Yu to guard the city of jurzhang (now Ningbo, Zhejiang). The city was small, and there were fewer than a few hundred soldiers. Liu Yu often took the lead and charged in every battle. Only then did the rebels retreat.

In the spring of 402, the fifth year of Long'an, sun en attacked Guzhang City frequently, and was defeated by Liu Yu every time. In March, sun en attacked Haiyan County in the north, followed by Liu Yu, and built a city in the former site of Haiyan County. The rebel army attacked the city for days, but the city was empty. Liu Yu selected hundreds of people to form a Death Squadron. All of them took off their armor, armed with short weapons, beat drums and yelled out of the city. The rebel army was shocked, demoralized, and fled, and the commander Yao Sheng was beheaded. Although Liu Yu won in succession, he pretended to abandon the city to induce the rebels to rush into the city. Taking advantage of his laziness, he sent troops to ambush and defeated the rebels. In June, sun en turned to cross the sea and prepared to raid Dantu (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province), gathering more than 100000 troops. Liu Jianzhi was still in Shanyin, and the capital was shocked. Liu Yu arrived in Dantu at the same time as the rebels. At that time, there was a great disparity between us and the enemy. In addition, the long-distance expeditionary army was very tired, and the Dantu garrison had no fighting spirit. Sun en led tens of thousands of soldiers to attack suanshan. He was defeated by Liu Yu's troops. He jumped off a cliff and dived into the water. Many people died. In August, the imperial court appointed Liu Yu as Jianwu general and xiapi prefect, and sent him to lead the army to pursue Yuzhou. He defeated sun en and forced him to flee to the south. In November, Liu Yu defeated sun en again in Haiyan. Since then, he has won three battles and three victories, and captured tens of thousands of volunteers, who suffered from "famine and disease", died more than half, and withdrew from Jiakou to Linhai.

In the years when he was transferred to Sanwu, Liu Yu served as a vanguard and defeated the enemy in every battle. His military strategy was initially revealed. He not only fought bravely and bravely, but also had a good command and resourcefulness, and was good at winning more with less. At that time, the generals plundered the common people, and Liu Yu was the only one with strict law and discipline. He led the navy to pursue sun en and forced him to throw into the sea to die.

Kuang Fu Jin Office

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< sub > Liu Yu's battle against Huan Xuan

Sun en's troops consumed the military strength of the Jin Dynasty, resulting in the emptiness of Beijing defense, which gave Huan Xuan an opportunity to occupy Jingzhou, a military important town in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and Hu Shi, the three Wu states. In the first year of Yuanxing (402), puma general Sima Yuanxian led his troops to the west to beg Huan Xuan, and Huan Xuan also led the Jingchu army to attack Sima Yuanxian in the south. Sima Yuanxian sent Liu to resist, and Liu Yu went with the army. When Liu Kuzhi led his troops to Lizhou (now Liyang, Jiangsu Province), he encountered Huan Xuan's troops. Liu Yu asked for an attack, but he didn't get permission. Liu Jianzhi plans to send Liu Jingxuan to the huanxuan camp to make peace. Liu Yu and his nephew he Wuji jointly remonstrate him firmly, but Liu Jianzhi doesn't listen. Huan Xuan attacked Jiankang, killed Sima Yuanxian, seized the military power of Liu prison, and replaced him with his cousin Huan Xiu. Liu Jianzhi fled for fear of disaster and then hanged himself. Liu Yu judged the situation and temporarily took part in Huan Xuan's defense. Because of Liu Yu's military achievements, he was well-known in the old headquarters of the northern government, so Huan Xuan did not dare to despise him and appointed him as a member of the Chinese army.

At the beginning of the second year of Yuanxing (403), Lu Xun, sun en's brother-in-law, had another incident. In May, Huan Xuan sent Liu Yu to attack and kill his commander Zhang Shidao. Lu xunzun fled to Hainan, and Liu Yu was granted the title of inner history of Pengcheng for his merits. In December, Huan Xuan usurped the throne and said to situ wangmi, "I saw Liu Yu yesterday. He has extraordinary bearing and is a hero among people." Therefore, Liu Yu's hospitality and favor were enhanced.

Huan Xuan's wife, Liu Shi, is quite knowledgeable. She repeatedly advised Huan Xuan to get rid of Liu Yu, but Huan Xuan refused to take advantage of Liu Yu to wipe out the Central Plains. At the same time, in order to eliminate the hidden danger, Huan Xuan wanted to disintegrate the Beifu army and vigorously suppress the old generals of the Beifu army after he became emperor. While Huan Xuan was planning, Liu Yu also secretly contacted the remaining soldiers of the northern government troops and waited for an opportunity to attack Huan Xuan.

In February of the third year of Yuanxing (404), in the name of hunting, Liu Yu gathered more than 1700 remnant soldiers of the northern government to rise up in Jingkou, annihilated Huan Chu's troops and killed Huan Xiu. Then, the people pushed Liu Yu as the leader of the alliance, preached to all sides, and various places responded. Since he learned that Liu Yu had led the uprising, Huan Xuan was worried all day and couldn't think of any countermeasures. Some people said: "Liu Yu and other weak forces, where has the power of climate, your majesty why worry?" Huan Xuan replied: "Liu Yu can be called a modern talent; Liu Yi's family has little savings, but they donate millions like dice; he Wuji's nephew is very much like his uncle. How can we say that they will not succeed if they unite to do great things together? "

Huan Xuanxian sent his men, Wu Fuzhi and huangfufu, to lead the elite troops to resist Liu Yu. Liu Yu killed Wu Fuzhi before Jiang Cheng. When he arrived at luoluoqiao in the south of Jiang Cheng, he fought hard, killed huangfufu and continued to attack. In March, Liu Yu attacked Zhoushan and ordered the weak soldiers to climb the mountain. He held the flag and walked separately, creating the illusion that there were a large number of soldiers around him. Because most of Huan Xuan's garrison came from the northern government army, Liu Yu had no fighting spirit in the face of Liu Yu, so he attacked with all the troops and successfully defeated Huan Xuan's garrison with a fire attack. Huan Xuan also abandoned the city and fled to the West.

In March, Liu Yu was elected by Wang MI and others to serve as envoy Chijie, general of Zhenjun, governor of Xuzhou, governor of Yang, Xu, Yan, Yu, Qing, Ji, you, and military officers of Bazhou. Soon afterwards, he was appointed by the king Sima of Wuling to take charge of all the officials. In the last years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the political situation was chaotic, and all kinds of officials were indulged, and all kinds of businesses were abandoned. Liu Yu set an example, first restrained the court with dignity, and all the officials worked hard. In two or three days, the atmosphere of the Court changed greatly.

After Liu Yu entered Kangcheng, he sent his generals to pursue Huan Xuan, and Jin'an emperor restored himself in Jiangling. However, Huan

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