Nie Shicheng

Nie Shicheng

Nie Shicheng (1836-1900), a famous general in the late Qing Dynasty, was born in BEIXIANG, Hefei, Anhui Province. When he was young, his father died and his family was poor. Nie Shicheng has been a chivalrous and righteous man since he was a child. Later, he joined the military and began his military career for 40 years. He successively participated in the Anti Japanese War, the Sino French war, the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, and the change of gengzi, and made outstanding contributions. He was killed in the Tianjin defense war of the change of gengzi. The Qing court gave him the title of Prince Shaobao, posthumous title Zhongjie.

Life of the characters

Join the army to suppress the enemy

Nie Shicheng was born in 1836 in a farm family of Yingyi, Nie ancestral hall, sanshanpu village, Gangji Township, Hefei. Overseas Chinese live in Xuancheng, Hefei. His mother has the style of a martyr. She can still practice martial arts at the age of 70.

In 1862 (the first year of Tongzhi), Nie Shicheng joined the military camp of Luzhou with Wu Tongsheng. At the beginning, he was under the leadership of Yuan Jiasan, the regiment training minister, to discuss Nien army. In April, he conquered the city of Luzhou with the army, and he was awarded an award for his meritorious service. In August of the same year, the army conquered Hugou and Huibei Nien strongholds, made up the general manager, and added five kinds of headgear.

In 1863 (the second year of Tongzhi), he was transferred to the Liu Mingchuan Department of the Huai army. With the army, he conquered Taicang, Zhenyang, Kunshan, Xinyang, Wujiang, Zhenze and other places. He was promoted to garrison and rewarded Dai Lanling. In the third year of Tongzhi, the army conquered the cities of Suzhou, Jiangyin, Wuxi and Jingui. In September, it was promoted to the capital division, where guerrilla rewards were added to replace Hualing. In the fourth year of Tongzhi, Yixing, Jingxi, Liyang, Jiaxing and Changzhou were conquered with the army. In September, the two rivers were moved to replace the generals. In the fifth year of Tongzhi, Nie Shicheng was ordered to supplement the Huaihe army's achievements in assisting Zhejiang, Anhui and Fujian provinces. Soon after, Liu Mingchuan, the governor of Zhili, went north to pursue Renzhu and other departments of the eastern Nien army and won many great victories.

In November 1867 (the sixth year of Tongzhi), he was named batulu. In the sixth year of Tongzhi, he fought with Ming army in Caoxian, Anqiu and Weixian of Shandong Province and Zipingpu of Huang'an of Hubei Province, and defeated Ren zhubu of dongnian army.

In May 1868 (the seventh year of Tongzhi), Nie Shicheng gave a name to the military aircraft Department of the chief of the army and gave it a title. In July of the same year, he took part in the pacification of the Western Nien army, and Nie Shicheng was appointed to the military aircraft office as the governor.

rapidly go up in the world

In 1870 (the ninth year of Tongzhi), Nie Shicheng was transferred to Zhili to deal with coastal defense with the two rivers as a designated governor; in 1873 (the twelfth year of Tongzhi), Nie Shicheng took charge of the front camp of Wuyi's right army and went to Shaanxi with the Ming army to pacify the rebellion, which was subordinate to Luo Guozhong's Department; in 1876 (the second year of Guangxu), Nie Shicheng went to deal with Dongming river works with the Ming army, "the use of civil engineering must be solid and cheap, and the labor of construction must be long and solid." In 1882 (the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Liu Shengxiu, a member of the Ming army, was awarded the Zhili River worker's Protection Award for his efforts over the years.

In 1884 (the 10th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), the Sino French war broke out, and Nie Shicheng took part in crossing the sea to aid Taiwan in December, 1885 (the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), and returned to Beiyang after the lifting of martial law. In June, he was named by the military aircraft delivery department of the general army. When he met with the shortage of the general army in the coastal areas, he asked for a brief release.

In 1887 (the 13th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he was transferred to the Qing army and served as the leader of the new left battalion. During this period, Nie Shicheng took part in the construction of Lushun fortress.

In April 1891 (the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Nie Shicheng took part in the great reading activities of the Beiyang Navy. He was very good at defense during the reign of the emperor. In September of the same year, he was given the imperial edict to reward and wear headgear. Soon after, Nie Shicheng was transferred back to Zhili coastal defense from Lushun, and his official title was still that of the New Zuoying, who was in charge of and led the army. At the end of October, he took part in suppressing the rebellion of the golden elixir sect in Rehe, conquering the rebel strongholds such as beizifu and xiachanggao, capturing and beheading the rebel leader Yang Yuechun and others, and enjoying the Yellow mandarin jacket. In December, Nie Shicheng succeeded Yang Yushu and formally took over all the battalions of the army stationed in Lu Tai Huai. He planned to lead the two battalions of Wu Yi's deputy middle and Lao Qian of Lu Tai Huai army, as well as the three battalions of Gu Beikou's front right rear.

In March 1892 (the 18th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), the whole territory of Rehe was calmed down. Nie Shi, together with Wang Xiaoqi and Zhang Gaoyuan, was called "three generals of the Huai army". On the seventh day of May, he was awarded the post of commander in chief of Taiyuan town, Shanxi Province.

From September 1893 (the 19th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu) to April 1894 (the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Nie Shicheng traveled the three eastern provinces and the border road between Korea and Russia for eight months, with a journey of more than 23000 Li. "When he traveled through the key passes, he used the western method to draw pictures, and the mountains and rivers were concise and clear." He has four volumes of journey to the East. At the end of the 19th century, the imperial court awarded a number of rare toys. In May, the East learning party uprising broke out in North Korea. Nie Shicheng led the Lutai garrison into North Korea and stationed in Yashan. Later, he went to Quanzhou to appease the uprising army of Dongxue party.

Fighting against the Japanese Army

After the outbreak of the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, Nie Shicheng and his governor Ye Zhichao helped Korea and stationed in Yashan. In July 1894 (the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), the Japanese army attacked and sank the Chinese troop carrier "Gaosheng" in the sea of Fengdao outside Yashan pass. At the same time, they sent troops from Seoul to attack Yashan. Nie Shicheng suggested that ye Zhichao take the initiative to withdraw his troops to Gongzhou and chenghuan to ambush the Japanese army. He and ye Zhichao retreated to chenghuan and Gongzhou. Nie Shicheng led his troops to retreat from Pyongyang after a fierce battle with the Japanese army in chenghuan, North Korea. For his meritorious service in the war, he was rewarded with the gang anbatu luyong. After the fall of Pyongyang, Nie Shicheng took part in the battle of Yalu River defense, held fast to Hushan mountain and organized the battle of Motianling Mountain Defense. He used the high mountains and dangerous roads to set up a suspicious and tired enemy, raided LIANSHANGUAN on a snowy night, then recovered the watershed and killed the enemy heavily. He killed Japanese general Fugang Sanzao and won a few victories of the Qing army. He was awarded Zhili governor for his meritorious service.

In the first month of 1895 (the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), the imperial court transferred eight battalions of Nie Shicheng's headquarters from Motianling, Liaoyang to guard against Jingu. As a rear guerrilla division, the imperial court presided over the coastal defense of Tianjin.

Training the new army

After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, Nie Shicheng gave orders in Lutai to select and recruit 30 battalions of horse walking team from Zhili garrison in Huaihe with Wuyi army and Gongzi battalion as the backbone. He imitated the German battalion system and participated in the training of Wuyi army with western France. He hired Germany and Russia to teach the training team and horse team. He imitated the German battalion system to guide the compilation of "Huaijun Wuyi army curriculum" and "Wuyi vanguard horse team training" As training materials, Kaiping military preparation school was established to educate officers and train soldiers with modern military knowledge.

In May 1897, Nie Shicheng made his first pilgrimage to Beijing. In September, Nie Shicheng led the Department out of the mountain to suppress the horse thieves in Chaoyang District of Rehe.

In the winter of 1898 (the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Nie Shicheng was ordered by the president to train the troops in Zhili and Huaihe. In 1899 (the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), the imperial court founded the Wuwei army, and Nie Shicheng's Wu Yijun was reorganized into the former Wuwei army. Nie Shicheng served as the former president of the former Wuwei army as the governor of Zhili. He was still stationed in Lutai, guarding the northern gateway. In February, the Imperial Court adopted Nie Shicheng's "public loyalty and conscientiousness" to compile and train Yijun for three years, which was highly effective, and the Ministry of communications gave priority to the discussion. In October, Nie Shicheng made another pilgrimage to Beijing and gave him a horse ride in the Forbidden City. In 1896 (the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu) and 1898 (the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), the awards were different.

The change of gengzi

At the end of 1899 (the 25th year of Guangxu), the Boxer Movement began in Shandong, and spread to Zhili in 1900 (the 26th year of Guangxu). The Tuan people hated foreign things and burned railway wires along the way. In April, the boxers destroyed the Baoding railway. On May 30, Nie was ordered to protect the Lubao and Beijing Tianjin railways. The Yihetuan burned down the Huangcun railway. Nie Jun's team went to stop it and was attacked by the Yihetuan. Ten people were injured. After that, three thousand boxers destroyed the railway tracks in Langfang. Nie Shicheng led his army to Langfang, and was attacked by the boxers. Nie killed five hundred boxers. At that time, Wang Zaiyi and his bachelor Gangyi, who were in charge of the government, issued a decree to severely punish the scholars. Zhili Governor Yu Lu ordered Nie Shicheng to return to Lutai, and Nie Shicheng led his army back to Tianjin. At that time, there were more than 20000 boxers in Tianjin who often killed the soldiers of the armed guards. Nie Shicheng did not dare to resist, but the feud between Nie Jun and the boxers was deeper. Fearing Nie's mutiny, Rong Lu, the military aircraft minister, wrote a letter to comfort Nie Shicheng, saying that the military uniform of the Wuwei army was westernized, which was easy to be misunderstood. Nie Shicheng wrote back: "if the bandits do harm to the people, they will bring disaster to the country. A Zhili governor, there are bandits in the territory, can not suppress, such as any position? If the bandits are slaughtered, they will not dare to resign. "

The Qing government's policy of suppressing and pacifying the boxers was uncertain, which made it difficult to control the situation in the capital area, and finally led to the westward movement of the Western moors and the invasion of the eight powers. On May 21, 1900 (the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Dagu fort was lost, and the northern allied forces of Tianjin exchanged fire with Nie Shicheng in Tianjin. On May 25, the imperial court declared war on the great powers and ordered Nie Shicheng to lead his troops to defend Tianjin, recover Dagu fort and prevent the eight countries' allied forces from going north. In June, Nie Shicheng led his troops to guard the Yangcun area of Tianjin, and together with the boxers, he blocked the advance team of the Eight Power Allied forces who wanted to enter Beijing to save the embassy area. The Qing army and the Allied forces were killed and injured each other, while the boxers were sent to the front line by Nie Shicheng and were shot by the Allied forces with machine guns. When they withdrew, they were shot by Nie army with machine guns, causing heavy casualties. Because the Beijing Tianjin railway had been destroyed by the boxers, the advance team of the Eight Allied forces was not good at land war, and the Nie army was well-equipped (equipped with German made heavy machine guns), the Allied forces could not move forward and had to retreat. The Qing government called this battle the great victory of Langfang. However, Yulu gave credit to the boxers, while Nie Jun gave nothing.

In late June, Nie Shicheng was ordered to attack the Tianjin concession more than ten times, and almost captured it. At that time, the Western army called Nie Jun the strongest army in China. However, the boxers took the opportunity to burn and plunder everywhere. Nie Shicheng sent troops to suppress and kill more than a thousand boxers, which aroused the Boxers' envy and slandered Nie Shicheng's cooperation with the enemy. The Qing government ordered him to be responsible. He dismissed Nie Shicheng as "having no record in the past ten days, and it's really hard to cheer up when he heard that the army had broken up". Nie Shicheng was very angry, saying that "the upper court didn't forgive the imperial court, but the lower court forced the bandits to fight. He couldn't be self-evident until he died", so he fought every time

Chinese PinYin : Nie Shi Cheng