Yang Shuda

Yang Shuda

Yang Shuda, male, Han nationality, was born in a teacher's family in Changsha, Hunan Province on June 1, 1885 and died on February 14, 1956. He is a modern linguist. The word meets the husband, the number is small, and the later name is nailinweng. At the age of 15, he accepted his father's instruction from ye Dehui, a native of Xiangtan, and studied Shuowen Jiezi and Siku abstract. At the age of 16, he transferred to the state-run realistic academy to continue his study of classics, history, mathematics and English. He went to Japan to study in 1905. After returning to China, he was employed by Hunan Provincial First Normal University, Beijing Higher Normal University and Tsinghua University Institute of Sinology. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he was employed as a member of the Department of philosophy and social sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of Hunan Provincial Museum of culture and history.

He devoted his life to the research and teaching of Chinese grammar and philology. He is good at exegesis, phonology, Chinese grammar, rhetoric and so on. In the 1930s, the phenomenon of phonetic borrowing of pictophonetic characters was found, and hundreds of examples of phonetic meaning were collected.

Character experience

They have received good family education since childhood. In 1898, he joined Changsha current affairs school, and in 1900, he joined Changsha Qiushi academy to learn mathematics, geography, English and other new knowledge. He also had a solid grasp of the foundation of ancient Chinese literature, which was influenced by Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong's thought of "reforming the government and saving the nation". In 1905, he went to Japan to study abroad and studied foreign linguistics in the third University of Kyoto. In 1911, he returned to China and worked in the Department of education of Hunan Province. He has been a compiler of Hunan Library and an English teacher of Chuyi technical school. Since 1913, he has been a teacher of Chinese grammar in the fourth Normal University, the first normal university and the first women's Normal University of Hunan Province. The Institute of health was founded in 1919. In 1920, he took part in the struggle of expelling warlord zhang Jingyao. Since 1920, he has been a lexicographer of the preparatory meeting for the unification of Chinese language of the Ministry of education, a professor of Beijing law and politics school, a professor of Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University (now Beijing Normal University), an editor in chief of the Ministry of education, and a professor of Chinese department and History Department of Tsinghua University. He has been teaching English, Chinese grammar, philology, rhetoric, inscriptions on bronze, oracle bone, historical records and Hanshu for many years.

In 1937, he was the director of the Chinese Department of Hunan University and the dean of the College of liberal arts. In teaching, he closely linked teaching, research and works. Every course he taught had his own handout, which told about the results of many years of research, and finally formed a work. The content was very concise.

In 1945, he participated in the organization of the Jiusan Society, actively participated in the patriotic democratic movement, and opposed the dictatorship and civil war policy of the Kuomintang authorities. In 1947, he was employed as an academician of Academia Sinica by the national government. He cared about the current situation of state affairs, supported relatives to participate in revolutionary work, and educated students to love their country and save the country. After the liberation of Peiping in 1949, he and Wu Yuzhang organized the Chinese character Reform Association and served as the vice president of the Council. After 1953, he served as professor of Hunan Normal University and director of Hunan Literature and History Research Institute. He was respected by the party and the government. When Mao Zedong visited Changsha in November 1954, he was specially invited to meet and listen to his opinions on the work. In 1955, he was elected a member of the Department of philosophy and social sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a member of the communication academy of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His profound knowledge and linguistic attainments are recognized by the scientific and educational circles. He is an academic member of the Institute of language, Chinese Academy of Sciences and a member of the second CPPCC National Committee.

He is a famous Chinese linguist, who has devoted his life to the research and teaching of Chinese grammar and philology. He is especially good at inscriptions, phonetics, Chinese grammar, rhetoric and so on. He has a good ancient culture and profound academic attainments. In 1942, he won the second academic award of the Ministry of education of the national government. In 1947, he won the second prize of the Ministry of education for the study of ancient Chinese characters. He has written more than 20 kinds of works, such as supplement and correction of Hanshu, CI Quan, Ma Wentong, Chinese rhetoric, jiweiju primary school Jinshi Lun, jiweiju jinwenlun, and published more than 100 papers, such as a brief proof of the meaning in the sound of pictophonetic characters and a differentiation of Chinese language. Chinese Rhetoric in classical Chinese is a famous work with nationality, science and creativity. Many old books were revised and published in New China.

He died on February 14, 1956 at the age of 71. Mao Zedong sent a telegram of condolence and Zhou Enlai sent a wreath.

He was born in a teacher's family in Changsha County, Hunan Province on April 19, 1885. They have received good family education since childhood. In 1898, he entered Changsha current affairs school to study.

In 1900, he transferred to Changsha Qiushi Academy.

In 1905, he studied in Japan. He first entered Otsuka branch of Tokyo Hongwen University, and then transferred to the third university in Kyoto to study foreign linguistics.

In 1911, he returned to China and worked in the Department of education of Hunan Province. He was also a compiler of Hunan Provincial Library and a teacher of Chuyi Industrial school.

In 1913, he was a teacher of Chinese grammar in the fourth normal school, the first normal school and the first women's normal school of Hunan Province.

In 1919, the Institute of health was founded.

In 1920, he took part in the "drive Zhang movement" and got in touch with Mao Zedong. Later in Beijing, he served as a lexicon of the preparatory meeting for the unification of Chinese language of the Ministry of education, a professor of Beijing special school of political science and law, a professor of the Department of Chinese language of Beijing Normal University (the predecessor of Beijing Normal University), and an editor in chief of the Ministry of education.

In 1925, he was a professor in the Department of Chinese language and literature of Tsinghua University. Later, he was a professor in the Department of Chinese language and history of Tsinghua University.

From 1928 to 1930, he taught in the College of Arts, national Wuhan University

In 1937, due to the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he returned to Changsha and served as the director of the Chinese department and Dean of the College of Arts of Hunan University.

In 1941, he was appointed professor of the Ministry of education.

In 1945, he participated in the organization and launched the Jiusan Society.

In 1948, he was employed as an academician of Academia Sinica.

In 1949, with Wu Yuzhang, Ma Xulun and other organizations, the Chinese character reform association was appointed Vice President of the Council.

In 1952, due to the adjustment of Chinese colleges and departments, he was transferred to Hunan Normal University as a professor, and later served as the director of Hunan Literature and History Research Institute.

In 1955, he was elected member of the Department of philosophy and social sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and academician of communications of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.

He died on February 14, 1956 at the age of 71. Mao Zedong sent a message of condolence, Zhou Enlai sent a wreath, and all the party and government leaders of Hunan Province attended the memorial service, escorting the coffin to Yuelu Mountain for burial.

Main achievements

Historical Philology

Mr. Yang Shuda is familiar with ancient books and is good at collation. He has been engaged in the research and collation of historical documents all his life. In short, it can roughly include the following aspects: first, Shibu Zhicheng. Mr. Yang Shuda has a good family background in his history. His father is proficient in historical books, and can recite most of the first books like Zizhitongjian. When he was seven or eight years old, Mr. Yang followed his father to study such historical works as Tongjian and Shitong, and since then he has formed an indissoluble bond with part B of the classics. Later, he learned from Wang Xianqian, Liang Qichao, ye Dehui, Su Yu and other famous historians, and received more systematic historical training. He has repeatedly proofread spring and Autumn Annals, sanzhuan annals, Guoyu annals and ZhanGuoCe annals, and has written monographs. In addition, he wrote a preface to the history of Zhou Dynasty. However, the focus of his research and governance was on the two Han books, especially on Ban Gu's Han book. He devoted 30 or 40 years to this book, and finally wrote the great work Han Book peep tube, which made a comprehensive summary of the research on Ban Gu's Han book. This will be discussed in the next section.

The second is the scholars of the pre Qin and Han Dynasties. Mr. Yang sorted out the pre Qin scholars, including Xunzi, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Shangjunshu and Lu's spring and Autumn Annals. In addition, according to Guo Moruo's Guanzi Jixiao, a part of the second proofs of Guanzi Jixiao was checked by Mr. Yang, who also "revealed that his theory has been recorded". For the scholars of the Han Dynasty, Mr. Yang mainly sorted out Huainanzi and Yantielun. In early 1924, under the influence of his friends Wu Chengshi and Shao ruipeng, he began to rule Huainanzi. In 1936, the first draft of Huai Nan Zi Zheng Wen was completed. During the Anti Japanese War, the manuscript was revised many times in combination with teaching, and was continued in 1942. After liberation, it was revised and supplemented repeatedly. Mr. Yang SHAOHAO's on salt and iron began to collate and interpret the book after he returned to Japan in 1911, which had begun to take shape during his stay in Changsha. In 1920, he traveled to the north of the old capital, and in 1924, he wrote a commentary on salt and iron. It was not until 1956 that the book was finally completed, and it was renamed Yantielun Yaoshi. For these two books, my husband spent the most energy, proofreading is also very careful. He also proofread and annotated part of Wang Chong's Lun Heng. It was 1918. Because of the chaos of war, we had to give up halfway. After liberation, Mr. Yang was energetic and determined to serve the country with his works. He made a great wish to reorganize the Zhou and Qin scholars in a comprehensive and systematic way. Unfortunately, by the beginning of 1956, the disease had taken his life. This wish was not fully realized, which makes people deeply regret. 

The third is Confucian classics and grammar books. Confucian classics are ancient books that Mr. Yang began to ponder when he was young. Naturally, they are well read. The classics compiled by Mr. Yang include Zhouyi, Lunyu and Shangshu. Zhouyi focuses on compiling ancient meanings. It was not until 1955 that the Analects of Confucius first compiled ancient meanings and then expanded to Shuzheng

Chinese PinYin : Yang Shu Da