Zhang Ziqing

Zhang Ziqing

Zhang Ziqing (April 1902 - may 1930), also known as Shoushan. Banxi Township, Taojiang County. He was a famous general in the early days of the Red Army. In 1912, Zhang was admitted to Zhifang Primary School of Changsha army. In 1920, he served as the lieutenant and adjutant of Yueyang garrison office. In 1922, he took part in the Pingjiang mutiny. After his failure, he went back to his hometown to organize guerrillas and fight against warlords. In 1924, Zhang Ziqing traveled between Changsha, Wuhan and Shanghai, forming close friends with Guo Liang and other early Chinese revolutionary activists. He joined the Communist Party of China after 1925, studied in Guangzhou political workshop the next year, and joined the northern expedition after graduation. In the spring of 1929, he was transferred to Jiaolin temple, Dongli village, Yongxin County to recuperate. He died in May of the next year.

Life of the characters

He was born in April 1902 in a patriotic soldier's home in Banxi scenic temple, Taojiang Town, Yiyang County, Hunan Province. Influenced by the anti imperialist movement and his father's patriotism education, he had a strong patriotism.

He entered Changsha army Zhifang school in 1912 and was admitted to Hunan Academy of martial arts after graduation.

In 1920, Zhang Ziqing graduated from Hunan Jiangwu hall with outstanding achievements and served as the lieutenant and adjutant of Lingling garrison. He was a radical young officer in Hunan new army and actively participated in the struggle against Hunan warlord Zhao hengti.

In the spring of 1922, Zhang Ziqing was wanted for opposing Hunan warlord Zhao hengti. In order to escape the pursuit of the reactionary authorities, he went back to his hometown and organized guerrilla troops in the area of Dashui cave and Fuqiu mountain, openly playing the banner of "armed anti Zhao". Later, he joined the peasant armed forces led by Deng Heji of Xuefeng mountain to form the "central Hunan guerrilla headquarters" and served as the leader of the first detachment. This team was later incorporated into the ninth regiment of the Sixth Army of the National People's army and went south to Guangzhou to participate in the northern expedition.

In 1925, Xia Xi and Guo Liang introduced him to join the Communist Party of China. In the winter of the same year, the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China selected him to study at the political seminar held by the national revolutionary government of Guangzhou. After graduation, he was assigned to the propaganda team of the Northern Expedition army.

In the spring of 1926, he entered Hunan with the army. The party organization sent him to Changde to serve as company commander of the 15th division of the National Revolutionary Army led by he long. Later, the third branch of Huangpu Military Academy was established in Changsha, and he was transferred to the school as a political instructor. Later, he gave up the opportunity to study in the United States, and resolutely went to Guangzhou to study in the Peasant Movement Institute sponsored by Mao Zedong. After the study, he served as the commander of the political company of the 20th army of the National Revolutionary Army, and later as the deputy commander of the 3rd Battalion of the guard regiment of the general command of the second front army. He also participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising of the Hunan Jiangxi border led by Mao Zedong. During the "Sanwan reorganization" of the uprising forces, Zhang Ziqing was appointed as the commander of the 3rd Battalion of the 1st regiment of the 1st division of the 1st army of the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army. He led his troops to fight in southern Hunan and Eastern Guangxi. He actively carried out guerrilla activities and successively conquered Suichuan, Ninggang, Xincheng and Chaling, ushering in the prosperity of the initial period of Jinggangshan.

On January 5, 1928, he led his troops to conquer Suichuan County. On February 17, the workers' and peasants' Revolutionary Army marched into Ninggang new town, won a surprise victory and completely annihilated the enemy. The revolutionary regimes in Chaling, Suichuan and Ninggang counties were successively established. In late February, the former Party committee held a military meeting at the Zhujia ancestral hall in Dalong, Ninggang, to arrange the expansion of the first division of the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army, which has two regiments under its jurisdiction. Mao Zedong served as the division commander and Zhang Ziqing served as the division chief of staff and head of the first regiment. In mid March, Zhang Ziqing set out with Mao Zedong leading the first regiment to coordinate the uprising in southern Hunan led by Zhu De and Chen Yi. He helped the troops led by Zhu De and Chen Yi and the agricultural army to reach Jinggangshan successfully, and realized the great historical significance of the reunion of Jinggangshan in the history of the Red Army. While pursuing the fleeing enemy in Caopu Bay, Zhang Ziqing was shot in the leg and left ankle and was unable to walk. The soldier long Kaifu carried him back to Longshi.

On May 4, the Fourth Army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army was established in Longshi, under the jurisdiction of three divisions. Zhang Ziqing served as the commander of the 11th division and head of the 31st regiment. At the first party congress of the Hunan Jiangxi border region held this month, Zhang Ziqing was elected a special committee member and appointed military Minister of the border region government.

After Zhang Ziqing was injured, Mao Zedong and Zhu De saw that he was seriously injured. In addition to sending a squad guard, they also sent Red Army soldier Liu Xiaohu as a liaison. The party organization has repeatedly asked him to go to other places for medical treatment, but he declined. Due to the lack of medical treatment, the bullet on the foot was never removed after five operations. The wound fester day by day worsens, but he in order to encourage the comrades the fighting spirit, endures the pain, tells the story to the wounded. At that time, there was no alcohol in the Red Army Hospital, only salt water was used to wash the wound. Later, there was no salt water, so it could only be replaced by honeysuckle water. The comrades of the regiment specially gave him a packet of salt saved from the meal to wash his wound, but he carefully wrapped it with a piece of oil paper and hid it under the pillow. Later, the hospital transferred a group of seriously injured people from the front line. They had not used saline to wash the wound for more than a week, and the injury was deteriorating. He quickly gave the package of salt to the nurse platoon leader, and said: "there is not much salt. We must wash the wounds of the seriously injured. When possible, wash all wounds of the wounded to the floor The nurse platoon leader held the bag of salt and burst into tears. The story of "Mr. Zhang offered salt" spread like wildfire in the Red Army and became a clarion call to encourage soldiers to kill the enemy bravely.

In January 1929, Mao Zedong presided over the famous Bailu meeting and decided that the main force of the Fourth Red Army would march to southern Jiangxi and Western Fujian. Zhang Ziqing was unable to go on an expedition with the army because of his leg injury. The former Party committee left him as chief of staff of the Red Army and the Fifth Army. In the spring of the same year, the enemy troops from Hunan and Jiangxi captured Jinggangshan. Zhang Ziqing was escorted to the deep mountain area and hidden in a stone cave called "Red Army cave" by later generations. Unexpectedly, after days of heavy snow, traffic was cut off, and all the dry beans and bamboo shoots he had with him were eaten up. He was hungry for four days and nights. After the enemy retreated, Zhang Ziqing was carried down the mountain. At this time, his injury is more and more serious, and his constitution is more and more weak.

In May 1930, he died of serious injuries and died in Jiaolin temple, Dongli village, Nanxiang Township, Yongxin County. He was only 28 years old.

Anecdotes of characters

Back to Jinggangshan

When Zhang Ziqing's Autumn Harvest Uprising troops marched into Jinggangshan under the leadership of Mao Zedong, there were only two battalion commanders in the Sanwan adapted workers' and peasants' revolutionary army, namely Huang Ziji, the first battalion commander, and Zhang Ziqing, the third battalion commander. Before the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Zhang Ziqing was the deputy commander of the Third Battalion of the security regiment of the general command of the second front army (also known as the security regiment of Wuchang national government). When the army reduced its division to regiment in Sanwan, two people were considered in the selection of its commander: Chen Hao and Zhang Ziqing. Chen Hao graduated from the fourth phase of Huangpu Military Academy, while Zhang Ziqing graduated from the Guangzhou central political institute, which was later merged into Huangpu. At the insistence of Yu Sadu, who valued military affairs, the former Party committee appointed Chen Hao as its head.

The workers' and peasants' revolutionary army, who went to Jinggangshan, came to maoping'an and set up rear left behind places and hospitals with the help of Yuan Wencai's peasant self-defense army. In the middle of October 1927, the main force of the workers' and peasants' revolutionary forces carried out guerrilla operations with light clothing along the border between Lingxian and Suichuan counties. On the one hand, they were familiar with the terrain of the border between Hunan and Jiangxi, and on the other hand, they expanded their political influence among the people. At dusk on October 23, outside the town of Dafen, Suichuan, the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army was attacked by more than 500 people from Xiao Jiabi, the Jingwei regiment of Suichuan County. Xiao bandits had already sent people to investigate the whereabouts of the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army and chose the terrain to ambush them. After the battle started, Zhang Ziqing commanded the third battalion to seize the commanding height occupied by the enemy and was cut off by Xiao bandits, unable to contact the regimental headquarters. The troops retreated to the left side along the ridge of the mountain. They did not know the direction in the evening. They were farther and farther away from Dafen, so that they turned to the east of Guangxi. That night, Mao Zedong led only one company of the first battalion and more than 200 secret service companies of the regiment headquarters to retreat from Dafen (the other two companies of the first battalion, led by Wan Xixian, had left Shuikou, Lingxian County, to harass Chaling, forcing the Luoding enemy troops who attacked Shuikou to return). There are only more than 200 troops left, which is the most dangerous situation since the Autumn Harvest Uprising. The soldiers, tired from running, sat on the ground and took a breath, which made everyone feel frustrated. More than ten minutes later, Mao Zedong was the first to stand up and said, "let's go on." then he took a few steps forward and shook the spirits of the people and said, "everyone, stand in line. I'll be the first. Please call the command from company commander Zeng!" After that, the feet close together, the body straight, the first to stand well. Mao Zedong's action strongly infected everyone, suddenly gave birth to the courage to fight, jumped up from the ground one after another, and formed a line according to the command of company commander Zeng shi'e.

In early November, more than 200 workers and peasants of the revolutionary army returned from Ciping to Maoping. Before long, the two companies that attacked Chaling were led back by Wan Xixian, but Zhang Ziqing's Third Battalion had not been heard from. At this time, someone said in front of Mao Zedong: Zhang Ziqing took the Third Battalion away for such a long time, so he might have gone to the Kuomintang. The reason is that Zhang Ziqing is from Hunan. He used to be a lieutenant and adjutant in the 12th area command of the Hunan army. He went to find his old army. It was the first time that Mao Zedong heard someone say this. He didn't care. He just said, "no way." But a few days later, he heard similar remarks, and it was Huang Ziji, the commander of the first battalion, and others. Mao Zedong looked at battalion commander Huang with a dignified face and said slowly, "I don't think Zhang Ziqing will lead his troops to surrender to the enemy. During the Three Kingdoms period, Guan Yunchang also lost contact with Liu Bei after the defeat. In order to bribe and use this intelligent general, Cao Cao also bestowed official titles, gold and silver, and beautiful women. He had a small banquet in three days and a big banquet in five days! However, once Guan Yunchang got the news from Liu Bei, he immediately rode on Lu Bu's red rabbit horse and killed six generals all the way through five passes. He finally came back to Liu Bei, who was a few major generals. Guan Yunchang's resolute move has become an eternal talk. Zhang Ziqing is a member of the party

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