Wang Chong

Wang Chong

Wang Chong (1494-1533), a calligrapher of Ming Dynasty, was a native of yayishan and Wu county (Suzhou, Jiangsu).

All the students in the city paid tribute to the Imperial Academy. Erudite and versatile, good at seal cutting, good at landscape, flowers and birds. The reputation of poetry is very high, especially when the title of the book is noisy, the book is good at small regular script, and the cursive is particularly exquisite.

He is the author of the collection of yayishan people, and has been handed down to the world in the following books: Book of songs, volume of Miscellaneous Poems, thousand character essay, Nineteen Ancient Poems, volume of Li Bai's ancient style poems, etc.

(overview photo source: the portrait of Wang Gongshi painted by Kong Jiyao in Qing Dynasty)

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Wang Chong, born in 1494 and died in 1533, was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou). The word Lu Ren, Lu Ji, No. yayishan people.

Wang Chong is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting. He first learned from Cai Yu in calligraphy, and then standardized the Jin and Tang Dynasties. Regular script masters Yu Shinan and Zhi Yong; Xingshu learned from Wang Xianzhi. The small regular script is clear, but the simple one is far away. It is also known as Zhu Yunming and Wen Zhengming. He Liangjun commented on his book "on the calligraphy of siyouzhai": "after Hengshan, Wang Yayi should be the first calligrapher. His books were written in Daling, and his character was lofty and broad-minded. His verve was changed, and he was outstanding among all people. " He is the author of the collection of yayishan people. There are many books handed down, such as book of songs, volume of Miscellaneous Poems, thousand character essay, Nineteen Ancient Poems, volume of Li Bai's ancient style poems, etc. "Thousand character essay", paper, ink, cursive. There are 104 lines in this thousand character essay, each of which has 1015 words. 28 cm in length and 463.6 cm in width. Collected by the Palace Museum, Taipei. Description of baoyunlou painting and calligraphy. The structure of this thousand character essay is stable, and the pitch side changes little. We can see the track of Wang Xianzhi and Yu Shinan. This post not only has the style of Wang's father and son in Wei and Jin Dynasties, but also has the style of Yu Shinan in early Tang Dynasty. From the point of view of the use of pen, its cursive atmosphere is peaceful, clean and neat, meticulous, and its strokes are dignified and refined. There are few strokes connected with each other. Looking at this book, it is elegant, plain, elegant and rigorous.

In his youth, he studied hard for 20 years, and built Yuexi village. There are "Caizhi hall", "Yufeng Pavilion", "Xiaoyin Pavilion", "Daya hall", "Xinyi hall", "tieguanzhai" and other places for collecting calligraphy and painting. He read, practiced calligraphy and painted on the Lake, and later joined the Imperial College. There are a lot of books in the collection. I have read all kinds of books, and I have written scriptures again and again. Pangxizhai collected the Song Dynasty's yunzhaiguanglu, which contains the Zhu records of Wang Lvji's seal and tie GuanZhai's seal. In addition, the Song Dynasty's dongguanyulun and the Yuan Dynasty's Yangzi fayan are printed with "the collection of yayishanren", "Wang family of ancient Wu", "Wang Lvji's seal", "Wang Chong's seal", "Taiyuan's Wang Chong", "xuanweizi", "xinyiguanyin", "Wang Chong", "yayishanren" and "Lu Jifu".

Family information

Fu Zhen, a businessman in Wuxian County, was a good calligrapher and painter. He likes to be close to a virtuous man. He is happy with Xiangguo's obedience and regards his city people as unique. " (Wang Lvji's epitaph) he was loyal and respected, and was granted the title of Zhongxian official and Shaoqing of Taichang temple. Zhu's mother and Gu's stepmother were all given to fenggong.

Brother Wang Shou, the word performance, No. Hanfeng, Jiuhuashan people, Jiajing five years (1526) Jinshi, officials to the capital Yushi, Fuzhi Yunyang. "Wang Shou, a native of Wuxian County, was named Hanfeng. When he was born, he was not as famous as his younger brother for his craft and writing. Cheng Jinshi was granted the promotion official of Nanchang Prefecture, and became the official of Li Ke. In the end, the right deputy was the censor (Wang Shizhen's praise of the statues of philosophers in the middle of the Wu Dynasty) Wang Shou, a Jinshi in the period of Jiajing and bingxu, an official to the right, a censor to the right, and a prime minister to the river, died not long ago (general chronicles of Jiangnan, chronicles of people, Wenyuan)

Wang Chong married Xu, a son of a man, Ziyang, a student. Yang, the word xuanjing, too students, married the daughter of Tang Yin.

Life of the characters

Wang Chong is usually considered to be a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. According to Wu county annals, "he was originally from Wujiang, his surname was Zhang, his father was later than Wang, so he was a native of Wu County.". Wang Chong was born in a humble family. His father's name was Wang Zhen. His name was Qing Fu and he was a businessman. He opened a hotel in Nanhao street outside the gate of Suzhou (later, Wang Chong's brother Wang shougui was granted the title of Zhongxian doctor and Shaoqing of Taichang temple, and his mother Zhu's and stepmother Gu's gifts were all respectful). Wang Chong grew up in a poor and noisy wine shop. In his letter to his friend Tang Zizhong, he once told about his life experience: "but his family is a poor student. When he grows up in a shop, his head will wither when he enters, and his feet will take care of his shoes when he goes out. He calls for calculation all day and night The sound of secular boxing calls made pet very upset, disgusted with urban life, and yearned for "water, beauty, time, song, horn and bow" (Huiwen and Tang Zhenzi valuing Guo Shaocai). He also said in his book "farewell to my brother's performance will test seven poems" that "my family was poor and humble, and was browned for a hundred years.". Wang Chong lost his mother when he was young. According to the epitaph of Zhu shuoren, his aunt, written by Wang Chong, "my mother died at the age of 37. When I was a child in a bun, I didn't get very old. I was a little long before I knew how sad I was. I didn't know how happy my mother and son were. When I saw the love between mother and son, I felt sad and urged." Wang Chong's life experience and the loss of his mother's love have a great influence on his broad-minded and indifferent character. Wang Chong was born in a businessman's family who owned a hotel, but he had a strong interest in antiques, calligraphy and painting since childhood, so he got to know Wen Zhengming, Cai Yu and others. At the beginning of the word Lu Ren, later changed the word Lu Ji, known as yayishan people, known as "Wang Yayi". Wang Chong was a very talented calligrapher. Unfortunately, he had a poor career in his official career. He failed in eight examinations. He was only a student of Imperial College in Nanjing. He was known as "Wang Gongshi" and "Wang Taixue" in the world. He was only 40 years old. According to Ni Tao's ancient and modern treatise on books, he was fond of elegant education rather than self-esteem. He traveled after Cai Yu, and all the famous people at that time returned to him. Hu shouzan was especially in love with each other, and Gu Xun, the Minister of history, was in obedience. However, we can't use it. From the fifth year of Zhengde (1510) to the tenth year of Jiajing (1531), Wang Chong did not do well in the eight local examinations (one was seventeen, two was twenty, three was twenty-three, four was twenty-six, five was twenty-nine, six was thirty-two, seven was thirty-five, eight was thirty-eight). According to historical records, Wang Chong has been a student member of Suzhou government since he became a "weak leader". Every time he came to hold the year-old examination and the scientific examination, Wang Chong was among the best. In addition to his achievements in poetry and calligraphy, Wang Chong had a great reputation. Many scholars followed him to ask for help. Those who had been instructed by him were in high school and became an official, but he was still in trouble. In feudal times, it was very difficult for the literati to get rid of the attraction of enterprising fame. In his poems, he expressed his yearning for fame more than once: "don't you raise your heart, and the eagle doesn't fill your stomach", "when you try hard to rest from the Ming Dynasty, you look forward to the five clans of Zi Guang" (Yi you send my brother to perform the performance test). But he couldn't succeed. He had to place his hope on his elder brother Wang to honor his ancestors, but he was desperate to pursue his official career Lin adapts himself to poetry and wine. "Life is precious and self-adaptive, but you can't afford to walk in front of the Marquis's gate." "you have to drink seven bowls of wine, and Zhong Dingshan and Lin can be satisfied." (collection of seven character ancient poems of yayishan people). Later, his classmate Tang Zhen (Zizhong) also recommended him to go out of the mountain. In his reply to Tang Zizhong's book in the mountain, Wang Chong said: "the mountain forest is as good as our peers. When we roam on the lake, we forget to go back." he also said, "if we are tired of climbing, we will write and talk with the ancients. Even if we can't understand it, we will understand each other, smile, eat with hunger, and have fun with satiety. If you want to be rich, I'll congratulate you day and night. I'm afraid it's not as good as it is today. I'm still in peace! " Moreover, I feel that if I enter the city as an official, "although I want to bow and yield to the emperor, I'm afraid that I will falter and be rude and ridiculed by the officialdom.". Wang Chong's idea of being indifferent to fame and being happy in the valley is the feeling and helplessness of his failure to meet his talent. Born with an aversion to the noise of the world, he lived in seclusion in Shihu after his study, almost isolated from the world. His dissatisfaction with his official career made him more interested in landscape, poetry, calligraphy and painting. All his life, he devoted himself to poetry, calligraphy and painting, and was good at seal cutting and landscape painting. He had a high ambition and made great achievements in all aspects. He was also known as the "three schools of Wu" with Zhu Yunming and Wen Zhengming.

Wang Chong's earliest teacher was Shen Mingzhi. Under the guidance of Shen, the two brothers made up for the students of the school with Li Jun. Shen Mingzhi is Wen Zhengming's good friend. Wang Zhen, through Shen's relationship, asks Wen Zhengming to write for Wang Chong and Wang Shou. Wen Zhengming's essay focuses on the two sons of the Wang family, which introduces the whole process of "asking for the word". When Wen Zhengming first saw the two brothers, he thought that they were Xiuying, good at repairing and had a considerable industry in utensils. However, he was worried that his father's occupation would "affect his son", so he didn't agree to give them the word "life". Later, after Wang Chong made up for the school official's disciples, he went to Wen Zhengming's home to ask for the word according to his father's order. Wen Zhengming thought that "it's better to be a friend of the head of the township and the crown". He was not the most suitable person, so he refused again. A year later, Shen Mingzhi asked Wen Zhengming again Ming Cai agreed and taught it in its name. The meaning of the word "pet" is respect, residence, love and kindness. I wish it is not false pet that proud, then people from the expensive, can from the expensive, which is more benevolent, so the word pet said Lu Ren.

Although Wang Chong's first teacher was Shen Mingzhi, Cai Yu was generally referred to as Wang Chong's teacher in history books. Cai Yu, whose name is jiukui, lives in Xishan of Wuxian county. He was born in Linwu mountain. He has a high temperament and is not a member of Chengfu. He is famous for his poems and articles. He was once awarded the title of Confucius by the Imperial Academy of Nanjing. Cai Yu had a great influence on Wang Chong's writing and calligraphy. In 1512, Wang Chong and his brother Wang Shou studied Classics and poetry under Cai Yu's door and lived in the Cai family (Baoshan jingshe) for three years. Wen Zhengming wrote a painting and poem to see Wang Chong off when he learned from Cai Yu. There is a poem entitled "painting to see Wang Chong off from Cai Yu to study in Dongting". The poem says: "at the beginning of spring, there are boats in Dongting, drums, chests and harps, and the moon is full of smoke and waves

Chinese PinYin : Wang Chong