Emperor yuan of Jin Dynasty

Sima Rui

Sima Rui (May 27, 276 - January 3, 323), whose name is Jingwen, was born in Wenxian County, Hanoi county (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). He was born in Luoyang county (now Luoyang City, Henan Province). The founding emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The great grandson of Sima Yi, Emperor Xuandi of Jin Dynasty, the grandson of Sima Gu, King Gongwang of Langya, and the son of Sima Jin, Emperor Wudi of Jin Dynasty.

In the first year of Taixi (290), he was granted the title of King Langya and took part in the crusade against Sima Ying, king of Chengdu. After losing the battle, he left Luoyang and returned to Fengguo. Emperor Huaidi of Jin Dynasty ascended the throne, baiandong general, governor of Yangzhou military. Later, following the advice of Wang Dao, he went south to Jiankang and made friends with Jiangzuo gentry. Yongjia seven years (313 years), worship prime minister, most of the Chinese and foreign military governor. The Yongjia rebellion led to the capture of Jin min emperor and the destruction of the Western Jin Dynasty.

In the fifth year of Jianxing (317), under the support of the imperial clan of Jin Dynasty and the northern and southern families, he ascended to the throne as king of Jin. Taixing first year (318), officially ascended the throne, the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, known as Jin Yuan emperor, opened the "king and horse common world" situation.

In the first year of Yongchang (January 3, 323), after the rebellion of Wang Dun, he died of depression. At the age of 47, he was buried in Jianping mausoleum. He was posthumously named emperor yuan and the temple was named Zhongzong.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Sima Rui was born in Luoyang in the second year of Xianning (276). His grandfather, Sima Gu, the king of Langya, was the son of Sima Yi. During the reign of emperor Cao Fang of the Wei Dynasty, he was appointed Marquis of Nan'an Pavilion. In the first year of Jiaping (249), Sima Yi launched the gaopingling coup, which controlled the real power of the Cao Wei government. After that, Sima Yi appointed Zhuzi as the governors of several important areas in the territory. Sima Luo took the post of general Ning Shuo to take charge of Ye City. Yecheng was the capital of the Wei Dynasty when Cao Cao was the king of the Wei Dynasty. It was a place where the princes of the Wei Dynasty lived together. It was an important town for troops and grain. The fact that Sima bi was appointed here reflects the importance Sima Yi attached to him.

After the founding of the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Gu successively held the posts of minister youpushe, Fujun general, Zhendong general, fajie, governor Xuzhou, and so on. At first he was the king of Dongguan, and later he was the king of Langya. In the battle of Pingwu, Sima Gu led his army out of Tuzhong and made great contributions. He then went to the positions of Shizhong, general, Kaifu Yitong, and other military officers in Qingzhou. Sima Rui's father, Sima Jin, was the eldest son of Sima Yu. He first worshipped his redundant servants and then became king Langya. He had a prosperous life.

In the first year of Taixi (290), Sima Jin died. Sima Rui, who was only 15 years old, attacked the king of Langya. In April of the same year, Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, died. Sima Zhonglu, the successor, was dull and unable to control the political situation. In the turbulent and dangerous political environment, Sima Rui, who was in the position of emperor's family, had no right to fight. In order to avoid the disaster of death, he adopted the policy of courteous, frugal and yielding, trying to avoid being involved in the vortex of struggle. But at that time, he was also highly praised by Ji Shao, the son of famous scholar Ji Kang. In Luoyang, Sima Rui made only Wang Dao a close friend. Wang Dao, whose name is Maohong, was born in Langya Wang family, the first-class scholar family in the north. Wang Yan, the recognized leader of famous scholars, is his elder brother. Langya, where Wang's home is located, is the feudal state of Sima Rui. Langya state of Sima Rui was a big country in the Western Jin Dynasty, and it was adjacent to Donghai state of Sima Yue.

Stay in xiapi

In July of the first year of Yongxing (304), the rebellion of the eight kings reached its climax. Sima Yue, king of the East China Sea, took Sima Zhong, Emperor Huidi of Jin Dynasty, to fight against Yecheng. At that time, the general in charge of Yecheng was Sima Ying, the emperor's younger brother, king of Chengdu (not long ago, Sima Ying killed Sima Yi, the ruling king of Changsha, forcing emperor Hui to appoint him as the successor to the throne). After taking the positions of commander in chief, prime minister, etc., Sima Ying plundered all the emperor's Chengyu conquerors into his old nest, and made Luoyang a city of Ye. Sima Ying's violence and authoritarianism caused the dissatisfaction of other powerful figures. The Secretary of state ordered Sima Yue to take the opportunity to issue an address in the name of emperor Hui and call up the four armies to attack Sima Ying. Sima Rui, who was then general Zuo, was ordered to take part in the war against Ye. He was 29 years old. The two armies fought fiercely in dangyin (now Tangyin, Henan Province). As a result, Sima Yue was defeated and returned to the East China Sea. Emperor Hui and his ministers were plundered into ye by Sima Ying, and Sima Rui was also among them. Soon Sima Rui's uncle Sima Yao, king of Dong'an, was killed for offending Sima Ying. Sima Rui is afraid of the disaster and sneaks out of Ye. On the way to Luoyang, he was captured by Jinli when he was on the Bank of the Yellow River. When Sima Rui arrived in Luoyang, he immediately took his family to Langya (now Jiaonan County, Shandong Province).

In the second year of Yongxing (305), Sima Yue, king of the East China Sea, sent troops to xiapi. When he was preparing to meet emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty in the west, he appointed Sima Rui, king of Langya, as the general of Pingdong (later moved to Anton) and the military of Xuzhou. He stayed at xiapi and looked after the rear. After Sima Rui was appointed, he asked Wang Yan's younger brother and Wang Dao, who participated in the Donghai Wang Yue military, to be Sima, and entrusted him with an important task.

Move town to build industry

In September of the first year of Yongjia (307), Sima Rui and Wang Dao crossed the river to Jianye. Since then, the political center of Jin Dynasty gradually moved southward to Jiangdong. After Yongjia's southward migration, Wang Dao always lived in the hub of opportunity, while Wang dunze always pursued the upper reaches. The Wang family was almost in charge of the internal and external affairs, and there were a large number of prominent figures. The Wang family, represented by Wang Dao and Wang Dun, was very strong at that time, which maintained the situation of "Wang and Ma sharing the world" for more than 20 years in Jiangzuo, until the rise of the Yu family, which suppressed Wang and surpassed Wang.

In the fourth year of Jianxing (316), Liu Yao surrounded Chang'an. On December 11, the emperor of Jin had no choice but to surrender, and the Western Jin Dynasty died.

On April 6, the fifth year of Jianxing (317), Sima Rui took over the system of the Yuan Dynasty, that is, the throne of Jin (not yet called emperor), and the Yuan Dynasty was changed to Jianwu, which was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history. He created a wide range of family members as a supplement, which is known as "hundred and six family members". In the sixth month of the lunar calendar, 180 people, such as Liu Kun, Duan pidui, Liu Han, who were alone in the north, wrote to persuade them to enter.

Ascend to the throne

On April 23, the second year of Jianwu (318), the obituary of emperor Jin min's death in the state of Han spread to Jiangdong. Sima Rui became the emperor on April 26 and changed his name to Taixing. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was dominated by the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe and Zhujiang River basins.

After Sima Rui ascended the throne, because he was not well-known in the royal family, he could not get the support of the northern and southern scholars, and his throne was unstable. However, he put Wang Dao in a more important position. Wang Dao used the strategy to make the southern scholars support Sima Rui, and the northern scholars who moved to the South also decided to support Sima Rui, so as to stabilize the Eastern Jin Dynasty regime and maintain the partial security situation. Sima Rui was very grateful to Wang Dao for making him prime minister and taking charge of the government. At that time, people called it "king and horse share the world".

one 's power has been transferred into the hands of others

Sima Rui trusted Wang Dao completely, called him "Zhongfu" and compared him to his "Xiao He". Wang Dao also often advised Sima Ruike to be industrious and thrifty, treat the southern scholars favorably and be kind to others. Sima Rui and Wang Dao staged a good story of respect and love between monarch and minister in the initial stage. The royal family of Langya also reached the peak of power. In addition to Wang Dao as the prime minister, Wang Dun controlled the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and had a strong army. Three quarters of the government and opposition officials were from or related to the royal family. In addition, the Wang family had eight queens in the Southern Dynasty.

Sima Rui was very dissatisfied with the loss of power. He quoted Liu Kai, Diao Xie and Dai Yuan as his confidants and tried to suppress Wang's power.

In the first year of Yongchang (322), Wang Dun, who was always ambitious, set up his army in Wuchang to attack the stone city (Jiankang) in the name of killing Liu Kai. In order to protect the interests of the Wang family, Wang Dao secretly helped Wang dun. Wang Dun attacked Jiankang, killed Dai Yuan and others, and Liu Kai went to shile. Sima Rui was defeated to the ground. In desperation, Sima Rui "took off his military clothes and put on his court clothes" and said to Wang Dun, "if you want to be an emperor, tell me that I will give you the throne and be my king of Langya. Why let the people suffer with them? " Sima Rui's plea did not smooth Wang Dun's ambition. Soon after, Wang Dun himself became a prime minister, governor of all the Chinese and foreign armies, and recorded the books. When Sima Rui attacked Wang Dun, he once ordered that those who killed him should be granted 5000 marquis. However, Wang Dun made a mockery of Sima Rui by saying that he should be granted the title of Duke of Wuchang and ten thousand marquis. Emperor Sima Rui had only a false name. Everything in the court was decided by Wang dun. Wang Dun saw that the crown prince Sima Shao was brave and resourceful, so he wanted to abandon him because of his unfilial behavior. Later, all the officials refused to give up. In April, Wang Dun returned to Wuchang and controlled the government. After that, Wang Dun became more rampant, so that Sima Rui and his court became furnishings.

Death in sorrow and indignation

Sima Rui saw that he could not shake the power of Wang. He called himself the son of heaven, but he didn't go out of the palace. He gradually became sick and bedridden. He thought that only situ xunzu among the ministers was more loyal to him, so he appointed him as the Taiwei and the Taibao of the crown prince, intending to let him participate in the government and suppress Wang Dao. Unexpectedly, Sima Rui died soon after he was appointed, and Sima Rui was even more sad.

On the 10th day of November in the first year of Yongchang (January 3, 323), emperor yuan of Jin died of illness. He was 47 years old and served for six years. Posthumous title: Emperor yuan, temple Name: Zhongzong, buried in Jianping Mausoleum (Jiangning, Jiangsu). The imperial edict was succeeded by Prince Sima Shao.

Character evaluation

Sima ye: today or so, Prime Minister Mao De, Qi Sheng, is a close relative of the state. He should rely on the second Duke to wipe out the whale salamander, welcome the Zi palace, and conquer the resurgence.

Wang Dao: Although Wang Rende of Langya is thick, the theory of fame is still light.

Cao Pi: yuntun hundred and six, Tianluo Jieguan. The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty prospered, and the net cage Jianghan. He looked up to the Qi Dynasty's seven policies and put down the calamities and chaos. If the wind, Ze Yu scattered. The light of decline is brighter, and the golden light is renewed. It has been a thousand years since its establishment.

Wei Shou: Sima Rui steals the name of commander-in-chief by running through the river. He has no real strength. He is afraid of his head and tail. Li Xiong and his son Hao are not like that.

Yu Shinan: the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty lived in his own imperial residence. He seldom heard of orders, and made plans to go southward. He appointed Hongmao and pacified the old and the new. Therefore, he was able to inherit the Jin Dynasty. However, benevolence and forgiveness are the most important factors

Chinese PinYin : Jin Yuan Di