Shantao

Shantao

Shantao (205-283, March 3), the word Juyuan. He Nei County Huai county (now Wuzhi West Henan) people. During the period from the Three Kingdoms to the Western Jin Dynasty, it was one of the Seven Sages in the bamboo grove.

Shan Tao was lonely and poor in his early years. He liked Laozhuang theory and made friends with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. At the age of 40, he was the magistrate. When Sima Shi was in power, Shan Tao was promoted to be a scholar and moved to minister Li Bu Lang. After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, he was promoted to dahonglu. He successively served as a servant, Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, Prince Shaofu, Zuo pushe, etc. Every time he chose officials, he first followed the intention of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty and made personal comments, which was called "Shangong notice" at that time. He resigned many times for his old illness, but he was not allowed to do so. In the third year of Taikang (282), he was promoted to situ and returned home with his old illness. He died the following year, 79 years old, posthumous title "Kang". There are ten volumes of anthologies, which have been lost, and now there are editions. In the biography of celebrities, Yuan Hong called Shantao and other seven people "bamboo celebrities".

Before and after the election, officials can be elected. When Emperor Wu ordered the termination of military service in the world, he opposed the abolition of military equipment in prefectures. Since then, the situation has been chaotic and prefectures have been unable to suppress it, as he said.

Source: Portraits of famous ministers of all dynasties

Life of the characters

Early knowledge

Shan Tao's father, Shan Yao, was a magistrate of Wanju county. Shantao lost his family in his early years and his family was poor. When he was young, he was outstanding. He likes Zhuangzi and Laozi, and often lives in the countryside to hide his ambition and talent. He made friends with famous scholars Ji Kang and Lu an, and later met Ruan Ji, who became friends in the bamboo grove. These people had the same interests and were close friends. Ji Kang was later punished for offending Sima. Before he died, he said to his son Ji Shao, "if you have Juyuan (Shantao character), you will not be lonely." When he was 40 years old, he entered the official career. At first, he served as the chief bookkeeper, meritorious officer and Shangji in Hanoi Prefecture. Later, he was promoted as Xiaolian, and then he was conquered by Zhouli to be engaged in Henan. Once, Shan Tao and Shi Jian stayed together. At night, he got up and kicked Shi Jian with his feet and said to him, "when are you still sleeping now! Do you know what Taifu (referring to Sima Yi) meant when he said he was sick and bedridden? " Shi Jian replied, "the prime minister has not gone to court for many times. Just give him an imperial edict with the length of a ruler and let him go home. Why do you worry?" Shan Tao said, "yes! Shisheng, don't run between the horses' hoofs So he abandoned the official amulet and left. In 249, Sima Yi launched the change of Gaoping mausoleum and killed the caoshuang group, so Shan Tao went back to seclusion.

It's very popular

Shan Tao's conggu is the mother of Sima Yi's wife, Zhang Chunhua. So he can see Sima Shi who is in power. Sima Shi said, "Lv Wang wants to be an official now." So he ordered the commander of Sili school to take Shantao as maocai, to be appointed as a doctor, and then to be appointed as a Zhonglang of General Wang Chang. A long time later, Shantao was worshipped as Zhao Guoxiang and transferred to the position of Minister Li Bulang. General Sima Zhao wrote a letter to Shan Tao, saying: "I'm pure and bright, elegant and outstanding. In consideration of the poverty of your family, we are sending you 200000 yuan and 200 mu of grain. " Cao Huan, emperor yuan of Wei Dynasty, once gave spring clothes to Sima Shi. Sima Shi gave them to Shantao, and because Shantao's mother was old, she gave him a staff. Later, Shan Tao made friends with Shang Shu and Fu, and became close to Zhong Hui and Pei Xiu. Because Zhong and Pei fight for power and profit, Shantao is impartial. They both get benefits from Shantao and have no hatred for him. Later, he moved to be a general in Zhonglang. In 264, Zhong Hui made trouble in Shu, and Sima Zhao prepared to go west in person. At that time, Cao Wei's clans were all in Ye. Sima Zhao said to Shan Tao, "I will deal with the affairs in the West myself, and the affairs in the rear will be entrusted to you sincerely." Let Shan Tao monitor the movement of the clan, and assign 500 soldiers to guard ye with his own marching Sima. In the same year, he was granted the title of xindazi. He became prime minister Zuo Changshi and led other battalions. Sima Zhao believed that Shantao was a well-known person in the village, so he ordered his eldest son Sima Yan (Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty) to visit him. Sima Zhao adopted his son Sima you to Sima Shi. He always valued Sima you. He once asked Pei Xiu, "the great general (referring to Sima Shi) founded his country and died before he succeeded. I just inherited his career, so I want to establish Sima you as the son of the world, so I owe it to my brother. How about that?" Pei Xiu thinks it's impossible. Then he asked Shantao about it, and Shantao replied, "it's ominous to abolish the eldest son and establish the youngest son, which is against the etiquette system. The safety of the country will be determined by this. " So he decided to take Sima Yan as his son. For this reason, Sima Yan paid homage to Xie Shantao himself. In December of the second year of Xianxi reign (February 8, 266), Sima Yan ascended the throne by Zen, established the Western Jin Dynasty, appointed Shan Tao as the guardian (agent) of dahonglu, and escorted Cao Huan back to Yecheng.

Good governance

In the early years of Taishi (266-274), Emperor Wu jiashantao was the commander of Fengche, and Jin Jue was the new Dabo. When Yang Hu was in power, someone wanted to frame Pei Xiu. Shan Tao said that he would protect Pei Xiu. Therefore, he didn't want to be a powerful official. He took the post of Jizhou governor and general Jia Ningyuan. Jizhou customs are contemptuous, and there is no way to recommend talents. Shan Tao distinguished himself by selecting hermits, visiting sages, commending or appointing more than 30 people. Therefore, Shantao was admired by the common people and the local customs were changed.

Be filial to your mother

Later, Shantao was transferred to beizhonglang general and supervised the garrison of Yecheng. After entering the dynasty, he served as a minister and moved to the minister. Because his mother was old and asked to resign, Sima Yan issued an imperial edict, saying: "although you want to support your mother, there are public and private positions. Sooner or later, someone in your family will serve medicine. You should cut off your love temporarily to promote your public morality." Shan Tao was determined to resign. After dozens of times, Sima Yan agreed to his request for a long time and returned to his residence with the title of Yilang. Because of his poverty and frugality, Sima Yan was unable to support his family. He especially provided daily meals and bed and bedding. No one could compare with him at that time. In 274, Shan Tao was appointed Taichang, and he did not take office because of his illness. When his mother died, he returned to the countryside. at that time, Shantao was over 70 years old, and his funeral ceremony was more than usual. He personally carried the earth to build a grave and planted pines and cypresses. Sima Yan issued an imperial edict to appoint Shan Tao as the Minister of the Ministry of officials. Shantao resigns on the ground of his mother's death and illness, showing sincere affection. At this time, Yang Yan, Queen of simayan, dies, and Shantao reluctantly supports Luoyang. Forced by the imperial edict, he took office reluctantly. The people who were recommended before and after were all useful talents in the capital and prefectures.

Repeatedly seeking abdication

In the early years of Xianning (275-280), he was transferred to the position of Prince Shaofu and served as a regular official. He was also given the title of minister, pushe, who served as a minister and led the affairs of the Ministry of officials. Because of his old age and illness, Shan Tao insisted on giving up, so he went up to make a statement. In the last chapter, there are dozens of times, but I haven't been a director for a long time. Zuo Chengbai, the minister, praised Shantao for violating the imperial edict. Sima Yan said: "Shan Tao asked himself to resign because of illness, but he didn't listen to his request. For example, it's OK for Shantao to be guilty of improper employment. Why should he go up and down and reverse the importance? We can no longer pursue this matter. " Shan Tao felt uneasy, so he apologized and said: "since ancient times, those who practice the king's way have only been upright. Your majesty can't change the law of the country because of an old minister. What do you want to say to the emperor. Please deal with it according to Bai Bao's form to show that the criminal law is not in vain. " Sima Yan issued an edict again, saying: "Bai Bao's music is false, so I didn't investigate his responsibility. It's because I don't like to get angry easily. You are a wise and generous person. How can you mind! It's time to take up the post of director and not let them go on the list. " Shan Tao was determined to retire because his cousin was in mourning and returned to her house. Sima Yan issued an imperial edict and said, "shanpushe has been out of his residence for a while recently, but he has not returned it because of some trouble. This is not what I mean by sitting on the side seat and waiting for the virtuous. He is now sent to the imperial court to inform him that if he has not recovered, he will take a chariot to carry him back to the temple. " Shan Tao's resignation could not be approved, but he took office as a director.

Shangong notice

Shan Tao has been re elected for more than ten years. Whenever there is a vacancy in the official position, he always selects several people to stand by. When he sees that the imperial edict tends to one person, he makes it clear that he will first put forward the people Sima Yan wants to use. So sometimes the people Sima Yan wants to use are not mentioned first. People don't know the details and think that it is Shan Tao who chooses people according to his own will. Some people said that Shantao was not right in front of Sima Yan, so Sima Yan personally wrote an edict to admonish Shantao, saying: "the standard of employing people is talent, don't forget to alienate the lonely and humble people with talent, and education can spread all over the world." But Shantao did the same thing. A year later, the opinions of the public subsided. The characters recommended by Shan Tao were listed in a book, which was called the notice of the Duke of mountains at that time. Before and after his election, all the officials elected were virtuous and capable. Only Lu Liang was appointed by Sima Yan. He had different opinions with Shan Tao. Shan Tao argued but Sima Yan didn't listen. Lu Liang was soon dismissed for corruption. In his later years, he was in the pro party dictatorship of empress Yang. Shan Tao did not want to use Yang's family, and repeatedly criticized Sima Yan. Although Sima Yan understood the meaning, he could not correct it. Later, due to his old age and serious illness, Shan Tao retired from Shangshu and said, "I'm nearly 80 years old. I'm still alive and dying. If it's of no benefit to the country, how can I spare no effort in the prosperous times. Under the pressure of aging, we can no longer bear heavy responsibilities. In today's world, there is nothing to do. The world thinks about enlightenment, and does nothing from the people's will. The people can correct themselves. It's just that we should advocate popular culture to enrich the folk customs. What can your majesty do. I'm deaf and blind, and I can't make progress. There is no need to cover up the relationship between the king and the minister. Therefore, he expresses his foolish feelings and hopes to agree to the minister's request. " So he took off his hat and returned it barefoot. Sima Yan issued an edict to comfort Shantao. Shantao begged for retreat, but Sima Yan issued an edict not to. Shangshu ordered Weiyu to play up and say: "Shantao has a minor illness and has not performed his duty for a long time. He issued imperial edicts frequently but did not obey them. The central government argued that this could not fulfill his noble integrity, and it also violated the requirement of serving the public. Ruoshantao disease

Chinese PinYin : Shan Tao