Peng Jiazhen

Peng Jiazhen

Peng Jiazhen (1888-1912), a Confucianist, was born in Jintang, Sichuan Province, and was a democratic revolutionist in modern China. Influenced by the thoughts of Wen Tianxiang and Huang Zongxi in his youth, he had a strong sense of nationalism. He graduated from Sichuan military school in 1906, and then went to Japan to study military affairs. During his stay in Japan, he joined the Chinese League and accepted Dr. Sun Yat Sen's democratic revolution. In 1911, he went to Beijing as the head of the Department of the Beijing Tianjin alliance. On January 1, 1912, the provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing, and Sun Yat Sen became the provisional president of the Republic of China. However, the royal nobles of the Qing Dynasty, led by Aixinjueluo Liangbi, were unwilling to fail. They organized the clan party, resisted tenaciously, vowed to be the enemy of the people, and threatened to "reorganize their troops and fight to the death with the southern revolutionary party". Peng Jiazhen was filled with righteous indignation when he saw that Liangbi was so perverse. In order to sweep away the obstacles of revolution, Peng Jiazhen decided to carry out "five steps of bloodshed" and sacrificed her life to assassinate Liang Bi. Before the assassination, Peng Jiazhen wrote a suicide note: "if the Republic is successful, it will be glorious even if it is dead. The failure of a republic is a disgrace. It is better to die with honor than to be humiliated. " This is Peng Jiazhen's life masterpiece. On the night of January 26, 1912, Peng Jiazhen buried a bomb in front of Liangbi's house in the Hongluo factory in the West Fourth North of Beijing, killing Liangbi. In the explosion, Peng Jiazhen was injured by a shrapnel and died.

The blood of the martyrs is not in vain. More than ten days after the assassination, the Manchu Qing government was forced to issue an imperial edict to abdicate, and China's feudal monarchy of more than two thousand years ended. President Sun Yat Sen praised Peng Jiazhen for "killing Da Yan to gain quick results of unification", and wrote an inscription for Peng Jiazhen: "I am old Peng Shougong pill" to pursue Peng Jiazhen as a general of the army. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Mao Zedong issued to Peng Jiazhen's family the "honorary Memorial card for the families of soldiers who died in the revolution", commending Peng Jiazhen's "great achievements and immortality".

Young smart, determined to fight against the Qing Dynasty

Peng Jiazhen, a native of Jintang, Sichuan Province, was born on April 9, 1888. His father, Peng FUHENG, was a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. He devoted himself to the reform and advocated saving the country through industry. Peng Jiazhen was gifted with intelligence when she was young. Influenced by her family, she could recite filial piety and Zhengqi song at the age of four. At the age of eight, she was familiar with the four books and the five classics. At the same time, she was also in contact with modern western science. Peng Jiazhen's father had a good relationship with Song Yuren, Wu Zhiying and Liao Pingping. In 1902, Peng FUHENG was recommended to teach in Zunjing Academy in Chengdu. At the age of 14, Peng Jiazhen went to the provincial capital to study with his father. His vision was expanding day by day. He deeply felt that the Manchu government was corrupt and incompetent, the land of China was sunk, and the people were in dire straits. In the end, Peng Jiazhen gradually doubted the reformers' road of reform, and her thoughts became more and more radical. This year, Peng Jiazhen's father took a fancy to a young woman and married her as a concubine, which Peng Jiazhen resolutely opposed. Since then, the father and son thought differently. The father stopped in the reform, but Peng Jiazhen went to the revolution step by step. at the beginning of the 20th century, the Qing Dynasty was poor in people and weak in country, and suffered from the bullying of foreign powers. As a result, patriotism and democracy gradually emerged among the progressive intellectuals. They hoped that through the development of military forces, China would gradually become strong and independent from the control of foreign powers. Affected by this, Peng Jiazhen also advocated that "non force is not enough to save the nation.". In 1903, in order to cultivate military talents, the Manchu Qing government began to carry out military reform. Chengdu Wubei school has also been established. This new school, which teaches according to the Western military education system, not only teaches military knowledge, but also offers astronomy, mathematics, physics, geography and other courses. Some teachers with progressive ideas also spread the ideas of revolutionary democracy and nationalism, which made the patriotic young students with new ideas more dissatisfied with the tyranny and darkness of the Qing government. They spread revolutionary books to each other. Zou Rong's revolutionary army, Chen Tianhua's alarm clock, Meng huitou and other books became their thirsty reading materials. This year, 15-year-old Peng Jiazhen was admitted to Sichuan Wubei school, and had the ideal of rejuvenating the nation with military. The interview was held upstairs. When the examiner asked the examinee how many stairs there were, only Peng Jiazhen answered correctly, which made all the examinees look at him with new eyes. While studying in Sichuan Wubei school, Peng Jiazhen not only studied intellectual education and physical education, but also carried out moral education. He read a lot of revolutionary works and began to think about the future of the country. He yearned to join revolutionary organizations and participate in revolutionary activities.

Join in the revolution, not afraid of danger

In 1906, Peng Jiazhen graduated with honors, and then was sent to Japan by governor Xi liang of Sichuan Province to investigate the military and receive the task of ordering arms for the new army. At that time, Tokyo had become the base of Chinese revolution. In 1905, the China League, China's first democratic revolutionary party, was founded in Tokyo, Japan. Peng Jiazhen, who had been wandering and depressed outside the threshold of the revolution for several years, was very excited and enthusiastic, so he took the initiative to contact the revolutionaries, met the respected revolutionary leader Dr. Sun Yat Sen, and secretly joined the Chinese League. Peng Jiazhen accepted Dr. Sun Yat Sen's assignment to carry a batch of revolutionary books and periodicals back to Sichuan to engage in anti Qing activities secretly, and then embarked on the revolutionary journey of revitalizing China and saving the people. After returning to Sichuan, Peng Jiazhen was assigned to the higher military research institute. In 1907, Peng Jiazhen joined the new army as platoon leader and stationed in Fenghuangshan, Chengdu. Peng Jiazhen actively propagated revolutionary thoughts in the army. At that time, some key members of the Sichuan Chinese League gathered in Chengdu to plan an armed uprising. Because of the lack of secret information, the revolutionaries were raided by the Qing officials. Zhao Erfeng, governor of Sichuan Province in the Qing Dynasty, first sent the new army to guard the city, closed the city for martial law and searched for the revolutionaries. Fortunately, Peng Jiazhen didn't reveal her identity, so she was transferred to the city with the army. When she learned of Zhao Erfeng's deployment, she promptly informed the revolutionaries of the transfer, so that most of the more than 100 members of the Chinese league who participated in the uprising survived and saved a living force for the revolution. afterwards, Peng Jiazhen was suspected by his superiors and removed from his post. In June of that year, Peng Jiazhen left Chengdu for Kunming, where she was first appointed as the leader and coach of the army's 19th Town Camp school, and was soon promoted to a higher rank. Six months later, suiying school was cancelled. In May 1910, she went to Shenyang and took up the post of officer and coach of the left team of xuebingying in July. Taking advantage of the opportunity of selecting xuebingying, Peng Jiazhen developed the team members to join the Chinese League and secretly engaged in revolutionary activities. The people Peng Jiazhen contacted and directed became the backbone of the Northeast uprising after the Wuchang Uprising. Peng Jiazhen was good at concealing himself in his secret revolutionary activities, and was "very good" at getting along with the management of Xuebing battalion. The superior thought that Peng Jiazhen was "reliable". In the performance appraisal of the Army Department of the Manchu government, Peng Jiazhen was ranked first in the first class and was awarded the rank of Military Academy of four grades. In the summer of 1911, Peng Jiazhen served as the deputy stationmaster of Tianjin military station, acting as an agent of standardization. At the same time, Peng Jiazhen personally transported guns, bombs and other ammunition from Shanghai to Tianjin, secretly plotting to assassinate high-ranking officials of the Qing Dynasty. In November, the Manchu Qing government purchased 5000 rifles and 5 million bullets from Europe, which were transferred to Beijing Fengshui railway through northwest Asia railway and then transported to Wuhan to suppress the revolutionary army. Peng Jiazhen was in charge of escorting and secretly instructed the revolutionaries Shang Zhen and others to contact 20 towns to control Zhang Shaozeng. When the arms train passed through luanzhou, all the arms were intercepted, which shocked the Manchu government and the front-line commander Yuan Shikai. Peng Jiazhen obtained 800 packages of troops, more than 90 horses and more than 10000 yuan of silver from Tianjin military station, and provided them to the revolutionaries for launching armed uprisings. Peng Jiazhen was wanted by the Manchu Qing government because he moved a lot of money and materials out of the military station. From then on, Peng Jiazhen went underground and ran tactfully among Beijing, Tianjin, Luan, Feng, Shanghai and Ningxia. He served as the Vice Minister of the military department of the branch of the Chinese League Association in Shanghai and was selected as the deputy commander in chief of the northern expedition of the Shu army. In December 1911, Peng Jiazhen returned to Beijing and became the head of the assassination Department of the Beijing Tianjin alliance.

Plot to assassinate, kill the leader

On January 1, 1912, the provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing, and Sun Yat Sen became the provisional president of the Republic of China. On January 12, 1912, Yu Lang, Pu Wei, Zai Tao, Zai Ze and tie Liang held a secret meeting to discuss the suppression of the revolution. On January 19, it issued a manifesto in the name of the "constitutional monarchy maintenance Council", known as the clan party. The members of the clan party, with two dragons tattooed on their chests and Manchu names as symbols, were active in Beijing, Tianjin and other places, hoping to regain Yuan Shikai's power as prime minister. Yulang and zaizaze came forward to form a cabinet. Tieliang served as the commander-in-chief of the Qing army, and then fought to the death with the southern revolutionary army. She also urged the Empress Dowager Longyu to adhere to the monarchy. Aixinjueluo Liangbi was the leader of the patriarchal clan party, but Yuan Shikai held the northern troops to watch and watch, and wanted to seize the opportunity to usurp the revolutionary power, thus forming a confrontation between the north and the south. After analyzing the situation, Peng Jiazhen believed that the main reason why the northern revolution could not develop rapidly was that the enemy's military strength was strong, and the only way to catch the thief was to kill the king first, and the only way to kill the enemy who hindered the revolution was to kill the head villain first. The assassination Department of Beijing Tianjin alliance led by Peng Jiazhen immediately made a plan to assassinate Yuan Shikai, the Prime Minister of the Qing government, Liang Bi, the leader of the patriarchal clan party, and Zai Ze, the backbone of the patriarchal clan party. He quickly contacted the Shanghai revolutionary organs and secretly transported all kinds of weapons needed for the assassination from Shanghai to Beijing. Peng Jiazhen and his assassin comrades went to Mentougou, the Ming Tombs and other barren mountains in the west of Beijing every day for exercises, and then arranged the specific plan for the assassination. On January 15, 1912, after the assassin group found out the exact time of Yuan Shikai's going up and down the court, it decided to open the T-shaped gate in Donghuamen, Beijing

Chinese PinYin : Peng Jia Zhen