Zhong You

Zhong You

Zhong Yao (151-230 years), the character Chang, was born in changshe County, Yingchuan County, Henan Province (now Changge City, Henan Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei was an important minister and a famous calligrapher.

Zhong Yao was born in the Zhong family of Yingchuan, a famous family. He was extraordinary in appearance and intelligence. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ju Xiaolian was born and served as shangshulang and Huangmen Shilang successively. He helped Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty return to Luoyang and was canonized as the Marquis of dongwuting. Trusted by the Prime Minister Cao Cao, he served as the commander of Sili school and guarded Guanzhong. He made outstanding contributions and moved to the former military division. Cao Cao was granted the title of the king of Wei, and became the Prime Minister of Wei. After the establishment of Cao Wei, he successively held the posts of tingweiqing, Taiwei and Taifu, and was canonized as Marquis of Dingling county. In the fourth year of Taihe (230), Zhong Yao died with the posthumous title of "Cheng". In the fourth year of Zhengshi (243), he was entitled to the temple of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty.

Zhong Yao is good at seal, Li, Zhen, Xing and Cao styles. He is quite accomplished in calligraphy, which promotes the development of regular script (small regular script) and has a far-reaching influence on calligraphy of later generations. Later generations respect him as the "originator of regular script" and call him "Zhong Wang" together with Wang Xizhi. Yu Jianwu in the Southern Dynasty was rated as "superior" while Zhang Huaiyu in the Tang Dynasty was rated as "divine" in shuduan.

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Life of the characters

You've always had your face

Zhong Yao was born in the Zhong family of Yingchuan. When he was a child, he was very beautiful and intelligent. He once went to Luoyang with his uncle Zhong Yu. On the way, he met a face-to-face man. When he saw Zhong Yao's face, he said to Zhong Yu, "this child looks rich, but he will be flooded. Please walk carefully." As a result, after walking less than ten miles, when crossing the bridge, Zhong Yao's horse suddenly panicked. Zhong Yao was overturned into the water and almost drowned. Seeing that the fortune teller's words had come true, Zhong Yu appreciated Zhong you more and more. He provided him with money and made him concentrate on his study.

Help Emperor Xian

Later, Zhong Yao was promoted as Xiaolian, and served as magistrate of shangshulang and Yangling. He left because of illness. He was called up by the three prefectures to serve as the Minister of tingweizheng and Huangmen. At that time, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty was in Chang'an, the western capital, and the generals Li Xi and Guo Si had the exclusive power to block the connection between Emperor Xian and Kanto.

In the third year of Chuping (192), Cao Cao, a herdsman in Yanzhou, sent envoys to Chang'an to write a letter. Li Xi, Guo Si and others thought that "although Cao Cao sent envoys to support the emperor, it was not out of his true intention." So he negotiated to detain the emissary and refused to accept Cao Cao's sincerity. Zhong Yao advised Li Xi, Guo Si and others to say: "today's Heroes rise together, and they assume the emperor's command to control one side. Only Cao Yanzhou is thinking about the royal family. If he refuses his loyalty, this is not the way to meet his future wishes." Guo Si and others rewarded Zhong Yao's words graciously. From then on, Cao Cao was able to send envoys to get in touch with the Han Emperor. Before that, Cao Cao had heard many times that Xun Yu, a counselor, praised Zhong Yao, and that he had persuaded Li Yu and Guo Si to help him, so he was full of longing for him.

In the second year of Xingping (195), Li Yu coerced Xiandi, Zhong Yao and Shangshu Lang Hanbin jointly planned Xiandi's escape. In the same year, Emperor Xian escaped from Chang'an and successfully returned to the East, in which Zhong Yao played a certain role. Later, he paid homage to the censor Zhongcheng, moved to Shizhong and Shangshu pushe, and granted the title of Marquis of Dongwu Pavilion according to his previous merits.

Stable close right

The generals Ma Teng and Han Sui lived in Guanzhong. Cao Cao was very worried about this. Recommended by Xun Yu, in 199, he ordered Zhong Yao to lead the Sili Xiaowei as a Chamberlain and supervise the troops in Guanzhong with integrity. He entrusted the rear affairs to him, especially authorized him to be free from the restriction of the system. After arriving in Chang'an, Zhong Yao wrote letters to Ma Teng, Han Sui and others, stating their advantages and disadvantages. Both Ma Teng and Han Sui sent a son to the imperial court as a hostage.

In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Cao Cao and Yuan Shao had a stalemate at Guandu. Zhong Yao sent 2000 horses to the army. In his letter to Zhong Yao, Cao Cao said: "the horses sent to the army are in urgent need. Guanyou area was pacified, and the imperial court did not worry about looking to the West. It was a great achievement. At that time, Xiao He (the founder of the Western Han Dynasty) guarded Guanzhong. He had enough food and grass, so that the army won. His contribution was only equal to yours. "

Defeat Guo Yuan

In the seventh year of Jian'an (202), the southern Xiongnu Danyu made trouble in Pingyang, and Zhong Yao led all kinds of people to encircle them and failed to capture them. However, Guo Yuan, the governor of Hedong appointed by Yuan Shang, arrived in Hedong, a large number of people. When the generals discussed that they wanted to give up and leave, Zhong Yao said, "when the yuan family is in the ascendant, Guo Yuan is now coming. The generals in Guanzhong have colluded with him secretly, but they have not yet all rebelled against him. The reason is just to worry about my prestige and reputation. If a decree is issued to give up showing weakness to them, who is not our enemy among all the residents here? Even if I want to go back, can I do it? This is a self defeat before the war begins! Moreover, Guo Yuan is headstrong and eager to win. He will despise our army. If they cross the Fenhe River to camp, we can defeat them before they get to the other side, and we can win a great victory. "

At this time, Zhang persuades Ma tenglai to attack Guo Yuan, and Ma Teng sends his son Ma Chao to lead the elite troops to attack. When Guo Yuan arrived, he was able to cross the Fenhe River easily. Before he reached the middle of the river, Zhong Yao sent his troops to attack him, defeated him, killed Guo Yuan and subdued Shan Yu.

Guo Yuan was Zhong Yao's nephew and was killed by pound, a member of Ma Teng's team. Pound didn't know that he was Guo Yuan. Zhong you cried when he saw Guo Yuan's head. Pound apologized to him. Zhong you said, "although Guo Yuan is my nephew, he is a national thief. Why do you have to apologize?"

In the 10th year of Jian'an (205), Wei Gu, Zhang Sheng, Zhang Yan, Gao Gan and others made trouble together, and Zhong Yao led others to defeat him.

Since Emperor Xian moved to the west, the number of people in Luoyang will be reduced. Zhong Yao moved the people from Guanzhong and recruited the fleeing and rebellious population to enrich them. Within a few years, the number of people's household registration gradually increased.

In March of the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Zhong Yao was ordered to attack Zhanglu in Hanzhong. Cao Cao sent Xia Houyuan and other leaders out of Hedong to join Zhong you.

In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Cao Cao attacked Ma Chao, Han Sui and others in Guanzhong. Because Zhong Yao enriched the population and was able to guarantee the supply, Cao Cao appointed him as a former military adviser.

According to Dian Lue, when Ma Chao fought against Cao, he once said to Han Sui, "Zhong Sili (Zhong Yao) asked me to take you as general. The people of Guandong can't believe it any more. Today, Ma Chao abandons his father and recognizes the general as his father. The general should also abandon his son and recognize me as his son. "

Wei Shi Yuanxun

In 213, the state of Wei was established. Zhong Yao was appointed as Dali and was promoted to prime minister. When Cao Pi was the prince of Wei, he rewarded Zhong Yao with a "five cooked cauldron" and engraved words on the cauldron, saying: "the state of Wei is a barrier for the Han Dynasty. Zhong Yao is the only person who can be prime minister. He is as important as the heart and spine. He is respectful all night. I don't know how to settle down. You are the teacher of all officials. I think you are a model for everyone here. "

In the 24th year of Jian'an (219), Zhong Yao was implicated in the Wei satire case and was removed from office.

In the 25th year of Jian'an (220), Cao Pi was king, and Zhong Yao was Dali. In the same year, Cao Pi became emperor, changed his post to Zhongyao Tingwei, and became a noble marquis.

In the third year of Huangchu (222), Jia Xu was appointed as Taiwei on behalf of him, and he was transferred to the Marquis of Pingyang township. At that time, situ Huaxin and Sikong Wanglang were both famous officials of Cao Cao. Cao Pi said to others after a retreat: "these three gongs are all great men of the moment, and it is probably impossible for later generations to sustain them."

High reputation

In 226, Cao Rui, the emperor of Wei and Ming, ascended the throne. Zhong Yaojin became the Marquis of Dingling, adding 500 families to the capital. Together with the former 1800 families, he moved to Taifu. Zhong Yao had a leg disease, so it was inconvenient for him to bow down and get up. At that time, Hua Xin was also old and sick, so when the upper court came to see him, they were asked to take a sedan chair, which was carried up to the hall by the guards. Since then, the three countries have taken this practice as an old rule.

At the beginning, Cao Cao ordered all the officials to discuss fairly about the idea that the death penalty could be changed to palace punishment. Zhong Yao thought: "the ancient corporal punishment, which experienced the setting of saints, should be implemented again to replace the death penalty." The commentators thought that corporal punishment was not a way to please the people, so they gave up. When Cao Pi came to power, he issued a new imperial edict, saying, "the great ideal is to restore corporal punishment. This is really the law of the holy king, and all ministers should discuss this proposal together." The discussion was not settled, and it happened that the war started, so the discussion stopped again. During the reign of Taihe, Zhong Yao went to Shanghai again and asked for the restoration of corporal punishment. More than 100 people took part in the discussion, most of whom had the same opinions as Wang Lang (they thought it was not appropriate to restore corporal punishment). Cao Rui suspended the discussion on the ground that Wu and Shu had not been settled.

In 230, Zhong Yao died at the age of 80. Cao Rui dressed in plain clothes went to mourn, posthumous title "Cheng".

In 243, Zhong Yao was able to enjoy the Cao Cao Ting temple.

Main impact

Zhong Yao's calligraphy is simple and elegant, with alternate font sizes, and the overall layout is rigorous and meticulous. Zhang Huaiyan said in shuduan: "the true books of yuan and Chang dynasties are peerless, but they are too skillful. Among the stippling paintings, there are many different interests, which can be described as deep and boundless, more than elegant. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, there has been only one person. " He wrote the best regular script, "Xuanhe Shupu" evaluation said: "prepare all the Dharma, for the founder of the book."

Zhong you lived in a period when Chinese characters evolved from official script to regular script and nearly completed. In the process of completing this important evolution of Chinese characters, Zhong Yao carried on the past and opened up the future, and played a powerful role in promoting it. On the one hand, he can adapt to the trend of the times and is good at learning the new style of folk books; on the other hand, he studies hard and is good at thinking and studying.

According to Zhang Yanyuan's FA Shu Yao Lu in Tang Dynasty, Cai Yong was born to Cui yuan and nvwen Ji, who was born to Zhong Yao, who was born to Zhong Yao, who was born to Wei's wife, who was born to Wang Xizhi, and who was born to Wang Xianzhi.

It can be seen that Zhong you is the first calligrapher of Cai Yong

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Yao