Huang Quan

Huang Quan

Huang Quan (?)? - 240 years). He is from Langzhong County, Brazil (now Langzhong City, Sichuan Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, the generals of Shu Han and Cao Wei.

Huang Quan was a county official when he was young. Later, he was called by Liu Zhangzhao, a herdsman in Yizhou, as the chief officer. He once advised Liu Zhang not to welcome Liu Bei, so he was released as Guanghan county magistrate. The general was defeated by Liu Zhang. The plan is to take Hanzhong and worship the guards. Liu Bei, the king of Hanzhong, still led Yizhou animal husbandry and took huangquan as the ruling center. When Liu Bei was called emperor, he defeated Wu, but Huang Quan did not accept his advice. As a general of Zhenbei, he supervised Jiangbei army to prevent Wei division from attacking. When Liu Bei defeated Wu, he was cut off from the way back, and Huang Quan could not return. He had no choice but to lead his troops to Wei. Appreciated by Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty, he worshipped the general of Zhennan, granted Yang Marquis, and served in the imperial court to accompany him. Later, he led the governor of Yizhou and settled in Henan. In the third year of Jingchu (239), he moved to the third division of general Che Qi and Yi Tong.

In the first year of Zhengshi (240 years), Huang Quan died, and his posthumous title was "Jing".

Life of the characters

Admonish Liu Bei

Huang Quan was a county official in Brazil when he was young. Later, Liu Zhang, a herdsman in Yizhou, was called as the chief officer.

In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Zhang Song advised Liu Zhang to welcome general Liu Bei into Sichuan and help fight against Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. Huang Quan admonished: "general Zuo (referring to Liu Bei) has a reputation for bravery. Now he is invited to Shu. If you want to treat him with the courtesy of his subordinates, you can't satisfy his wish. If you want to treat him with the courtesy of guests, one country can't accommodate two kings. If the guest (Liu Bei) is as secure as Mount Tai, the host (Liu Zhang) will be in danger of being exhausted. Now we can keep the border as tight as possible, waiting for the stability of the current situation. " Liu Zhang didn't listen. He sent FA Zheng, a counselor, to meet Liu Bei, and released Huang Quan as Guanghan county magistrate.

In the 17th year of Jian'an (212), Liu Bei and Liu Zhang turned against each other and attacked Yizhou. Most of the prefectures and counties are obedient, only Huang Quan sticks to it. After Liu Zhang surrendered, he surrendered to Liu Bei, who appointed Huang Quan as a partial general.

Jianji Hanzhong

In 215, Cao Cao marched south to Zhang Lu, who was defeated and fled to Bazhong. Huang Quan said to Liu Bei, "if you lose Hanzhong, the land of Sanba will be threatened, which will cut off the thighs and arms of Shu." So Liu Bei took Huang Quan as the guard and led the generals into Bazhong.

But Zhang Lu had returned to Nanzheng and surrendered to Cao Cao. After that, Liu Bei defeated Du Xun, the leader of Ba County, and Pu Hu, the seven surnamed Yi king of Ba County, and launched a battle in Hanzhong, attacking Xia Houyuan, the famous general under Cao Cao's account, and occupying Hanzhong. People only know that the strategy of conquering Hanzhong mainly depends on Fazheng, but they don't know that Huang Quan first came up with these strategies for Liu Bei.

In the 24th year of Jian'an (219), Liu Bei called himself the king of Hanzhong, led Yizhou animal husbandry, and appointed Huang Quan to be the governor of Hanzhong.

In the first year of Zhangwu (221), Liu Bei became emperor and was ready to fight against Sun Quan, the king of Wu. Huang Quan admonished: "the people of Wu were fierce and good at fighting, but our army sent troops down the river, which was easy to advance and difficult to retreat. I beg you to let me test the enemy for the vanguard troops. Your majesty should sit in the back." Liu Bei didn't follow Huang Quan's advice, but let him be the general of Zhenbei. He led the army of Jiangbei to defend the state of Wei. Liu Bei himself was in the front line of Jiangnan.

The way to Wei

In the second year of Zhangwu (222), Lu Xun, the governor of the state of Wu, broke through the encirclement of the Shu army along the Yangtze River. The front-line troops in the south of the Yangtze River were defeated and Liu Bei retreated. Because the way back to Shu was completely blocked by the Wu army, Huang Quan's army could not return to Shu, so he had to lead his subordinates to surrender to the state of Wei. According to the law, the relevant departments reported that they wanted to arrest Huang Quan's family. Liu Bei said, "I'm sorry for Huang Quan, but Huang Quan didn't So he still treated his family as before.

Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty, asked Huang Quan, "do you want to imitate Chen Ping and Han Xin when you give up rebellion and come to surrender?" Huang Quan replied, "I have received the special favor of Liu Zhu (Liu Bei). I can't surrender to Wu, and I can't return to Shu Han, so I come to surrender. What's more, a defeated general is already very lucky to be spared death. How can he follow the example of the ancients? " Cao Pi appreciated him very much and appointed him as Zhennan general, Fengyu Marquis Yang and jiashizhong. Some of those who surrendered from Shu state said that Liu Bei had killed Huang Quan's family. Huang Quan knew that his words were untrue, so he said to Cao Pi, "I have been sincere with Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, which shows my original intention. The doubt has not been solved, please wait for the answer later. " He didn't immediately mourn. Later he got the exact news, which was exactly the same as his judgment.

Kuaisu

In 223, Liu Bei died of illness. All the officials of the state of Wei congratulated each other, but Huang Quan didn't smile. Cao Pi noticed Huang Quan's magnanimity and wanted to scare him, so he sent someone to summon him. Huang Quan is still on the road. One by one, the envoys who came to urge him crisscross the road. Huang Quan's subordinate officials and attendants are scared to death, but Huang Quan stops.

Later, Huang Quan led the governor of Yizhou and moved to Henan. Sima Yi thought highly of him and asked Huang Quan, "how many people like you in Shu?" Huang Quan replied with a smile: "I didn't expect to be valued so much by you." In a letter to Zhuge Liang, Sima Yi said, "Huang gongheng is a pleasant person. He often gets up from his seat and talks about you with admiration. This kind of talk never leaves his mouth."

In 239, Huang Quan was promoted to the rank of general of chariot and general of Kaifu, and the name of Kaifu began with Huang Quan.

Die in a foreign country

In the first year of Zhengshi (240 years), Huang Quan died, and his posthumous title was "Jing", in which Huang Yong was granted the title of nobility.

Huang Chong, Huang Quan's son who stayed in Shu, was an official to shangshulang. In the battle of Wei against Shu, Huang Chong followed zhugezhan, the general of Shu National Guard, to fight against Deng AI. Zhuge Zhan led his army to Fu County and stopped. Huang Chong repeatedly advised him to march forward quickly, occupy the dangerous terrain, and prevent the enemy from entering the plain. Zhuge Zhan hesitated and did not take Huang Chong's advice, so Deng AI was able to drive straight in. After zhugezhan retreated to Mianzhu, Huang Chong encouraged his men to fight to death. Later, Huang Chong died in the army.

Character evaluation

Liu Bei: first, if you bear the yellow power alone, the power will not bear the loneliness. ② Although Huang Quan died and Hu Du was restored, there is no lack of virtuous people in this world.

Sima Yi: Huang gongheng, a quick scholar, always sits up and sighs at his feet (Zhuge Liang), but doesn't say anything.

Yang Xi: Zhenbei Minsi, good at planning, and his tutor is Jie Hui, so it's a success. Partial to the east corner, the end of the fate of ominous, sad this will, exile special territory.

Chen Shou: first, Huang Quan thought deeply and made a fortune with his strong points. ② However, the death of Du fan and Pu Hu, and the death of Xia Houyuan, according to Hanzhong, all had their own power.

Xu Zhong: Quan is loyal to admonish the Lord, and refuses to defend the city, so he has the courtesy of serving the king. King Wu got out of the car and sealed the tomb of Bigan to show the Lu of Shang Rong. Therefore, he showed his loyalty to the people and made clear his purpose. The former master pretended to be a general of power, but he was still a little good. He didn't show the high integrity of loyalty and justice, but he advised the good people.

Ling Hu de Fen: Yang Fu and Zhao Shan were like pound, but yuan Ding and Pei Kuan had no way to go with Huang Quan. It's not a crime for Wang Lv to fail.

Yuan Hong: fair and balanced, Zhongda, Bingxin Yuansai. Metz was alone, not perplexed. Once upon a time, if you don't make it, you will make it. If you can enter Huiyin, you will not lose virtue. The Six Harmonies are different, and the popular will change. The bird chooses the high Wu, the minister must look at.

Guo yundao: Xiang Shi Yun Chang came out of Xiangyang from Jiangling, while Yide and Huang Quan had one person to live in. Then it can shake the central plains without worries.

Luo Guanzhong: you can't surrender to Wu, but you can't surrender to Cao. Loyalty, righteousness, and an Neng serve two dynasties? It's a pity for Huang Quan to die. Ziyang's calligraphy is not light.

Wang Fuzhi: first, Huang Quan, Wang Lei, Yan Yan and Liu Ba want to refuse the first master. Wisdom is not wisdom in one song, loyalty is not loyalty in one song. ② Zhang Lu possessed Yan Pu for stealing, Liu Yanjiao for laziness and Huang Quan, and Wang Lei and Liu Ba were all scholars.

Anecdotes and allusions

Cao Rui once asked Huang Quan, "the world is divided into three parts. Which part of the world is orthodox?" Huang Quan replied, "this should be verified by astronomy. In previous years, there were signs of "Yinghuo Shouxin", but Emperor Wen died. And the two masters of Wu and Shu are safe and sound, which is its verification. " Very clever to answer this sensitive topic.

Relative members

Huang Yong, the son of Huang Quan in Wei, inherited the title of Huang Quan in Wei.

Huang Chong, Huang Quan's son who stayed in Sichuan, died in Mianzhu with Zhuge Zhan.

Historical records

Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms Volume 4 13 Shu Shu 13 biography of Huang Li Lu Ma Wang Zhang No.13

Commemoration of later generations

According to Li Daoyuan's shuijingzhu in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there is Dushan in the south of Gushui, and there are two tombs of Huang Quan and his wife in the south. There are four steles in front of the tomb, two of which are erected by Emperor Wei Ming, and the latter two are erected by his son and his old officials.

Artistic image

Literary image

In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Huang Quan's life is roughly the same as that of the official history. He was originally the Ministry of Liu Zhang, but he was alienated by Liu Zhang because he advised Liu Zhang not to lead Liu Bei into Shu. When Liu Bei attacked Liu Zhang, Huang Quan gave advice to resist Liu Bei. When Yizhou was pacified and Huang Quan did not surrender, Liu Bei went to invite him personally. Later, Liu Bei became emperor and would invade the eastern Wu Dynasty. Huang Quan advised him, but Liu Bei did not listen. After Liu Bei's defeat in the battle of Yiling, Huang Quan had no choice but to surrender to Cao Wei because Wu soldiers were cut off on the North Bank of the river. Cao Pi, the leader of Wei Dynasty, was very happy, so he worshipped Huang Quan as the general of Zhennan. Huang Quanjian's words were not accepted.

Film and television image

Chinese PinYin : Huang Quan