Yang Xiu

Yang Xiu

Yang Xiu (175-219), a writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was born in Huayin (now Huayin, Shaanxi Province), Hongnong County, Sili Prefecture. He was the son of Yang Biao, a Taiwei, and his mother was yuan's (great granddaughter of situ Yuan'an).

Born in the Yang family of Hongnong, he was respectful, studious, talented, knowledgeable and extremely intelligent. During the Jian'an period (196-220), he was elected Xiaolian. Soon he became a doctor, and later he became the principal of Cao Cao, the prime minister. At that time, Cao Cao had many military affairs, and Yang Xiu was responsible for internal and external affairs, which was in Cao Cao's mind. Later, Yang Xiu helped Cao Zhi pass the test of Cao Cao several times. In the event of Cao Zhi and Cao Pi fighting for the prince of Wei, Yang Xiu chose to stand in Cao Zhi's camp. However, Cao Zhi became more arrogant, and finally Cao Cao chose Cao Pi as the successor of the king of Wei. After Cao Zhi fell out of favor, Yang Xiu deliberately alienated him. However, because Cao Zhi was Cao Cao's son after all, he did not dare to be too obvious and kept a certain density of contacts. Later, Cao Cao was very angry when he learned that Yang Xiu had taken part in the affair.

In the autumn of the 24th year of Jian'an (219), Yang Xiu was killed by Cao Cao on the charge of "neglecting to preach before and after, and communicating with the vassals".

(source: ye Xiong's biography of characters in the romance of the Three Kingdoms)

Life of the characters

Yang Xiu is the xuansun of Yang Zhen, the son of Yang Biao. He was born into a family with hairpin tassels for generations. According to the book of the later Han Dynasty, "from Zhen to Biao, the fourth Taiwei.". He is studious and talented. In Jian'an period, he was promoted to be filial and honest. Besides being a doctor, he later served as the principal of Prime Minister Cao Cao. At that time, Cao Cao had many affairs in the military and the country, and Yang Xiu was responsible for both internal and external affairs, which was in Cao Cao's mind. In addition, there were four things about Yang Xiu's talent exhibition in the chapter of Shi Shuo Xin Yu Jie Wu, and his talent was not as good as Cao Cao's.

Later, Yang Xiu helped Cao Zhi pass the test of Cao Cao several times. However, Cao Zhi became more and more arrogant. Yang Xiu wanted to alienate him, but he couldn't and didn't dare. Cao Cao was also very angry because he knew that Cao Zhi passed the test with Yang Xiu's help. Later, he wrote to Yang biaozhong and said, "every time you are a virtuous son, depending on your powerful father, you don't have the same feelings with me, that is, you want to go straight, but you hate me."

In the autumn of the 24th year of Jian'an (219), Yang Xiu and Cao Zhi got drunk together. They came out of Sima's gate and slandered Cao Zhang, the Marquis of Yanling. Cao Cao was so angry that he ordered Yang Xiu to be put to death on the charge of "divulging words and teachings before and after, and making friends with the Marquis". Yang Xiu sighed: "I'm determined to die late." He was 45 years old.

Main impact

Although Yang Xiu had great defects in his personality and conduct, his political ideal was in contradiction with Cao Cao's "legalist line". Later, due to the change of political situation, the children of the noble family gradually chose to protect their family and personal interests. On the one hand, due to the talent policy of talent oriented, the more important thing is to give full play to his military strategy to help Cao Cao lay a solid foundation by means of military expedition.

Historical evaluation

Mrs. Bian: the virtuous man is virtuous, virtuous, talented, respectful and valuable.

Mrs. yuan: the children are sparse and detailed, but they have not been reported.

Cao Cao: I'm not as good as Qing. I feel thirty Li.

Li Han's mengqiu: Yang Xiujie is right.

Shiyu: famous childe has talent and is used by Taizu.

Li Heng: elder Kong Wenju, younger Yang dezu. The rest of my life is not enough.

Fan Ye: Although you are a talented person, you are a good person.

Yan Zhitui: however, since ancient times, many scholars have fallen into frivolity: Qu Yuan showed his talent and showed his tyrant; Song Yu was handsome and met Haiyou; Dongfang Manqian was funny and indecent; Sima Changqing stole money and had no control; Wang Baoguo Zhang's Tong Yue; Yang xiongde defeated Meixin; Li Ling humiliated foreigners; Liu Xin was reckless again and again; Fu Yi attached power to the party; Ban Gu stole his father's history; Zhao Yuanshu resisted too much; Feng Jing He was criticized for his arrogance; Ma Jichang was ridiculed for his flattery; CAI Bozhe was punished for his evil deeds; Wu Zhi was slandered for his disobedience to the countryside; Cao Zhiman was against the law; Du Du was not tired of begging; Lu Cui was narrow; Chen Linshi was careless; fan QINXING was undisciplined; Liu zhenqu was a strong loser; Wang can was impetuous; Kong Rong and you Heng were arrogant to death; Yang Xiu and Ding Luo were angry to death; Ruan Ji was rude and vulgar; Ji Kangling was fierce to death; Fu Xuan He was dismissed in fury; sun Chu boasted of his success; Lu Ji was in danger; pan yueqian was not in danger; Yan Yannian was in danger; Xie Lingyun was in disorder; Wang Yuanchang was a murderer; Xie xuanhui regretted his delay. All these people are outstanding. They can't understand the discipline, which is more so.

Luo Guanzhong: clever Yang dezu, who has been a hairpin for generations. The dragon and snake walk in the pen, and the silk is in the chest. Open talk startles four, the victory to crown group of heroes. The cause of death is wrong. It's not about quitting.

Anecdotes and allusions

Guessing puzzles

Cao Cao, King Wu of Wei Dynasty, once passed under Cao E's stele, and Yang Xiu followed him. On the back of the monument, I saw the words "young woman with yellow silk, grandson Yu". Cao Cao asked Yang Xiu, "do you know what it means?" Yang Xiu replied, "yes." Cao Cao said, "don't say it first. Let me think about it." After thirty miles, Cao Cao said, "I've come up with it." He asked Yang Xiu to write down his understanding separately. Yang Xiu wrote: "yellow silk is colored silk, which is combined with the word" Jue "; young woman means young girl, who is combined with the word" Miao "; grandson is the son of daughter, who is combined with the word" Hao "; mortar is a hard work. After a lot of hard work, he combined a word: "this is a wonderful word." Cao Cao also wrote down his own understanding, and the result was the same as Yang Xiu's, so he sighed and said, "I can't catch up with you in talent, and I have thought about it for thirty more miles."

A puzzle

Yang dezu (Yang Xiu) was appointed as the director of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty. At that time, he was building the gate of the prime minister's mansion. As soon as the rafters were built, Cao Cao came to inspect himself. After reading it, I asked someone to write a word "live" on the door and left. When Yang Xiu saw it, he immediately asked someone to open the door. When it was completed, he said, "if you add the word" live "to the door, it's the word" broad. ". The king of Wei thought the gate was too big. "

A word puzzle

Someone gave a cup of cheese to Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty. After eating a little, Cao Cao wrote the word "he" on the top of the cup for everyone to see. No one can understand what it means. Yang Xiu then took a bite and said, "Duke Cao taught us to take a bite. What else can we hesitate about?"

Chicken ribs

When Cao Cao attacked Hanzhong, Liu Bei refused to defend because of danger. Cao Cao wanted to go back to the army, but he didn't have the heart. When the army came to ask for the command, Cao Cao passed the command "chicken ribs", and his subordinates didn't know what it meant. Yang Xiu then packed his luggage. Others asked him strangely, "how do you know you're going to leave?" Yang Xiu said: "it's a pity that you don't eat chicken ribs, but there's nothing to eat. This refers to Hanzhong, so you know that the king is going to return to the army."

interpersonal relationship

father

Yang Biao (142-225) was a famous official in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

Son

Yang Xiao is a famous official in the Western Jin Dynasty.

grandson

Yang Zhun, whose name is Shiqiu, is friendly with Ji kangzishao and shantaozijian.

Main works

Yang Xiu had a lot of works in his life. The two manuscripts that had been compiled into volumes were lost, including Fu, song, stele, praise, poem, lament, table, record and book. Today, there are several works, including "reply to Linzi Hou Jian", "Festival tour Fu", "goddess Fu", "peacock Fu" and so on.

Character controversy

The cause of Yang Xiu's death

When Yang Xiu was the prime minister, he was more trusted by Cao Cao. In the annals of the Three Kingdoms and the biography of Cao Zhi, it is said that "Xiunian is twenty-five years old. He is a talented young man, and is used by Taizu". In addition, it is said that "at the right time, there are many affairs in the military and the country, and xiuzong knows the outside and the inside, and everything is satisfactory.". Since the prince of Wei has been down, and fight and make friends. Looking at these two paragraphs, we can explain two problems

One

Yang Xiu's talent is outstanding, so he takes the post of "always knowing the outside and the inside" for Cao Cao, and "everything is satisfactory". In this way, Cao Cao should pay more attention to him and trust him at this time, otherwise, he will not give the post to him;

2

It can be seen from the sentence "since the crown prince of Wei has been down, he has been fighting and making friends with each other". At that time, even the crown prince of Wei Cao Pi wanted to flatter him, and the word "Bing" and "Zheng" also showed that many people were flattering him, not the crown prince alone. We can imagine the importance of his position at that time. On the other hand, this can prove that Yang Xiu should be a government official trusted and relied on by Cao Cao at this time, and he had a close relationship with Cao Cao. Otherwise, there was no reason for him to "fight with the prince of Wei since he left.".

However, after dealing with the issue of establishing an heir, Cao Cao immediately considered the consequences of Cao Zhi and Cao Pi's dispute for an heir from a political point of view, because there were a group of counselors around them, and Cao Cao knew the strength of counselors, so he finally decapitated Yang Xiu in the army of saving Cao Ren in the autumn of the 24th year of Jian'an. It is said in the annals of the three kingdoms that "since Taizu was concerned about the change from beginning to end, Yang Xiu had a lot of talent and strategy, and Yuan's nephew, he punished him for his crime.".

Here, first of all, he said "the change from the beginning" and then Yang Xiu was also "the nephew of the yuan family", so he killed him.

However, only a talented strategy will not be killed by Cao Cao. Under Cao Cao's leadership, there are countless counselors and officials who are just like the carp crossing the river. Jia Xu, who is full of extraordinary changes, Xun Yu and his nephew, who are well versed in the art of war and politics, Cheng Yu, who is bold and resourceful, and so on. Their military and political abilities are far better than Yang Xiu's, but none of them is killed by Cao Cao because of their talent. "Yuan's nephew" alone will not be killed. Pound, like Ma Chao, already has a reputation for bravery. His brother is an official under Liu Bei. Cao Cao uses him and Cao Ren to deal with Guan Yu. It can be seen that even if he is talented, he is also a member of the yuan family

Chinese PinYin : Yang Xiu