Emperor Shunzhi

Aixinjueluo Fulin

Aixinjueluo Fulin (Manchu: ᡠᠯᠨ, March 15, 1638-february 5, 1661), the second emperor of the Qing Dynasty (1643-1661), was the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty who established Beijing as its capital. The ninth son of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, whose mother is boljijit, Empress of Xiaozhuang, was born in Yongfu palace, Shenyang. The year is Shunzhi.

Fulin ascended the throne at the age of six, assisted by his uncle Prince Dorgon. In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing army entered the pass. In the same year, it moved its capital to Beijing. In the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), duoergun went out to shoot and died in Luanhe River. Fulin was in charge ahead of time. In the face of the new upsurge of anti Qing war in China, Minister Fulin decided to adopt the strategy of pacifying more than suppressing after repeated negotiations. On the one hand, he implemented the Huairou policy of "recruiting surrender to eliminate chaos"; on the other hand, he re used Hong Chengchou to manage Huguang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, etc. This will gradually improve the situation and lay a foundation for the future attack on Yunnan and Guizhou and the reunification of the whole country. In 1653, in order to restore the agricultural economy destroyed by the war, Emperor Shunzhi adopted the suggestion of fan Wencheng and others, and set up xingtun Daoting to carry out tuntian. In 1657, landlords and squires were encouraged to recruit people to reclaim wasteland. Local officials should be rewarded and punished according to their achievements. In the same year, it was compiled and published. With these measures, agricultural production on the brink of extinction began to take a turn.

Emperor Shunzhi paid much attention to the rectification of official administration, and sent the censor to inspect various places and punished a number of corrupt officials. In order to improve the efficiency of bureaucracy, Emperor Shunzhi paid more attention to the role of Han officials. By the end of Shunzhi, except for the southeast coast, the territory of the whole country had been basically unified.

In 1661, Emperor Shunzhi died at the age of 24. Temple Title Shizu, posthumous title Ti Tianlong Yun Ding Tong Jian Ji Ying Rui Qin Wen Xianwu Dade Honggong Zhiren chunxiaozhang emperor, buried in the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial edict passed on to the third son Xuanye.

Life of the characters

Chong Ling Si Tong

Fulin was born in Shengjing on the 30th of the first month in the third year of Chongde (1638) of the Qing Dynasty. He was the ninth son of emperor Taiji of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty. His mother was Zhuangfei of Yongfu palace, borjigit family, namely empress xiaozhuangwen. In August of 1643, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty died. Because he had no heir, a fierce battle for the throne broke out between his fourteenth brother, Prince Dorgon of heshuorui, who was in charge of the white flag, and his eldest son, Prince Hauge of Su. The two sides of the contender are in a stalemate. The shrewd duoergun proposed that Fulin, the ninth son of Huangtaiji, should be the emperor, and the prince of Heshuo Zheng, jierharang, and he should assist the administration together. The result was approved. On August 26, Fulin ascended the antler throne of the Duke hall in Shengjing. The next year, it was changed to Shunzhi.

Although young Fulin did not know the world, he had a competitive character and a natural sense of superiority under the influence of his martial spirit. At the end of the seventh year of Chongde (1642), Huang Taiji took him to the area of Yehe. When he was hunting in the GAHA mountains, Fulin "shot a bunting". Before the ceremony, he went out of the palace to take the chariot to the dugong hall. Because of his young age, his nursing mother wanted to take the chariot with him. He refused to say that "this is not the right place for you to take the chariot", showing his inviolable imperial dignity. With the growth of his age, Fulin increasingly feels that the status quo is actually a great challenge and violation to his dignity.

In March of the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Li Zicheng of Dashun regime captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself. In April, Gushan EZHEN heluohui and others denounced Prince Su HAOGE for the crime of disobedience. Fulin denounced HAOGE as a commoner, and all his followers, omoktu and others, were executed. In Jin Dynasty, abatai was granted the title of king of DORO raoyu. Fan Wencheng, a bachelor, advised Dorgon that he should take the opportunity to enter the Central Plains. Fulin ordered Dorgon to be the commander-in-chief, and rewarded Dorgon as well as the kings, Baylor and Beizi.

Dingding Yanjing

Mingshan Customs General Wu Sangui sent an envoy to fight against Li Zicheng. On April 21, the Qing army, which promised to help Wu, defeated the Tang Tongbu peasant army sent by Li Zicheng to cut off Wu Sangui's back road. On April 23, Li Zicheng and Wu Sangui's army fought fiercely in front of Shanhaiguan, and it was hard to separate Bozhong for a moment. By noon, Wu's army was gradually exhausted and surrounded by the peasant army. Then the Qing army suddenly attacked, the peasant army was defeated, and Li Zicheng retreated to the capital. The Qing army officially entered the pass. On May 2, the Qing army occupied the capital. Dorgon asked Fulin to move the capital. In June, Fulin ordered Hong Chengchou to remain Minister of the Ministry of war and handle government affairs together with the officials of the inner court. In September, Emperor Shunzhi moved his capital from Shengjing to Beijing. On the first day of October, under the persuasion of the kings led by duoergun and the ministers of Manchu and Han Dynasties, Emperor Shunzhi paid tribute to heaven at the temple of heaven in the southern suburbs. Then again, the emperor was located at Huangji gate (now Taihe gate), announcing that "this is to fix Yanjing to appease China.". This marked the transformation of the Qing Dynasty into a central dynasty ruling the whole of China.

At the beginning of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the Qing government concentrated its military forces to invade Shaanxi in two ways: one was led by ajig, Prince of England, with Wu Sangui as the vanguard; the other was led by Duoduo, Prince of Henan, with Kong Youde as the vanguard. Li Zicheng met the Qing army at Tongguan. After fierce fighting, the peasant army abandoned Xi'an and went to Huguang in the East. In April, the peasant army came to Tongshan County of Huguang. Li Zicheng was attacked by local landlord forces and died in Jiugong Mountain of Tongshan. On April 25, the Qing army captured Yangzhou. Duoduo, Chen Bing, occupied Zhenjiang on the ninth day of May. Duoduo sent belenikan and Beizi TunJi to pursue Hongguang emperor in Taiping. Soon, Duoduo sent Hongguang emperor and the puppet prince to Beijing for beheading.

In the first month of the third year of Shunzhi (1646), the Qing government took Prince Su HAOGE as the general of Jingyuan, and led the division to the west of Sichuan. The highest salary is 2000 Liang silver for the Regent, and the lowest salary is 30 Liang silver for the Xiaoqi school. In February, he deposed Jiangnan's old Ministry and sent one Manchu and one Han Chamberlain from Jinghu, Bingbu and Gongbu to Jiangning to manage the affairs of each ministry. In October, he Shuo de Yu Prince Duoduo returned to Beijing, and Emperor Shunzhi went out to welcome and comfort him. The repair of Taihe hall and Zhonghe hall was completed. The emperor was given a big gift. In December, the restoration of Weiyu palace was completed.

In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), the internal struggle of the Qing Royal Family intensified. In the first month of this year, a fine of two thousand liang of silver was imposed for the overproduction of the platform and the misuse of bronze lions and cranes. In March, the law of the Qing Dynasty was completed, and the Qing government ordered to stop enclosure. In July, he was granted the title of Prince Duoduo of Henan as his assistant minister, Prince Deyu. Dorgon seized the handle to recall the assistant power of Prince Zheng jierharang, so Dorgon began to take over the government alone. And the Regent stopped kneeling to Emperor Shunzhi.

In March of the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), Prince Zheng jierharang was demoted to DORO for his crime. Prince Su HAOGE was convicted, but Fulin could not bear to deal with him and put him in confinement. Soon he was killed by Dorgon. In April, the title of Prince Heshuo was restored. In July, six Han Shangshu, duchayuan and zuodu Yushi were initially established. In August, the Qing government allowed Manchu and Han officials and people to marry each other. In November, Emperor Shunzhi held a ceremony in Yuanqiu to offer sacrifices to Emperor Taizu and to honor the four emperors above Taizu.

In the first month of the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), the official system of the three internal courts was established. In March, Duo Duo Hong, the prince of Henan, and duo Ergun, the Regent, went to Beijing to mourn. In April, the empress of Emperor Taizong's middle Palace borzijit died. In June, Prince azig argued with the Regent Dorgon for the title of uncle King. Dorgon accused him and dismissed him.

Qian Gang is arbitrary

On December 31 of the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), Dorgon, the Regent of hunting, died in Kara City, which enabled emperor Fulin of Shunzhi to take charge of the government ahead of time.

In the first month of the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), Emperor Shunzhi began to govern at the age of 14. In August of the same year, Emperor Shunzhi got married. After Dorgon died of illness, Emperor Shunzhi began to get rid of his status as a puppet and punished Dorgon by cutting off his titles and titles, withdrawing his temple to enjoy his posthumous title, and losing his family fortune. In order to strengthen the imperial power, Emperor Shunzhi abolished the old rule of Baile in charge of the affairs of various ministries, and took a series of measures to ease the ethnic contradictions, such as stopping enclosure and relaxing the law of escaping. Although emperor Shunzhi wanted to do something and was attracted by the culture of the Central Plains, his plan was temporarily shelved because he had not yet formed a strong political force around him.

In February of the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), Emperor Shunzhi conferred the title of Prince Zheng ji'erharang as Prince Suo Zheng. In March, in order to strengthen the centralization of monarchy, Emperor Shunzhi abolished the powers of kings, Baylor and Beizi to manage six affairs. In April, Fulin adopted the proposal of the Ministry of rites, stipulating that the emperor should hold a sutra feast in the three dynasties of January and in the spring and autumn. Set up the officials of the zongrenfu. Set all the rules of etiquette. In September, Fulin plans to personally welcome the Dalai Lama in Tibet. In December, Emperor Shunzhi summoned the fifth Dalai Lama in Nanyuan. Schools of religion are set up in each banner, so long as they are the children of unopened clans, they can enter schools at the age of 10 or above.

In the first month of the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), Emperor Shunzhi ordered to change the situation that only Manchu officials played. Since then, all Zhangzuo ordered Manchu and Han ministers and Qing officials to play together. Emperor Shunzhi read Tongjian and asked the ministers who was the best emperor in history, such as emperor Gaozu of Han, Emperor Wen, Emperor Guangwu of Han, Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizu of song and Emperor Taizu of Ming. Chen Mingxia told him that Emperor Taizong of Tang, but emperor Shunzhi thought that all kinds of legislation of emperor Taizu of Ming could benefit later generations. It shows that it will follow the system of Ming Dynasty. In March, Emperor Shunzhi gave Tang ruowang the title of "teacher tongxuan". Order all departments to suspend the green card. In April, I personally tested Hanlin officer Cheng Kegong and others. At this time, Chen Mingxia was killed

Chinese PinYin : Shun Zhi Di