Meng Tian
Meng Tian
Meng Tian? He was born in Mengshan, Qi State (now bianjiachengzi village, Liancheng Township, Mengyin County, Linyi City, Shandong Province). During the Qin Dynasty, he was a famous general, the grandson of Shangqing Meng AO and the son of NEISHI Meng Wu.
He was born in a famous family and had great ambition since he was a child. He led the army to conquer the state of Qi and worshipped it as the internal history, which won the favor of the first emperor of Qin. After the unification of the six states, Qin led 300000 troops to attack the Xiongnu in the north and recover the land of Henan. The earliest developer in Northwest China was the first person to develop Ningxia in ancient times. Supervising the construction of the great wall and the Kyushu straight road has overcome the traffic jam in China and greatly promoted the economic and cultural exchanges and integration of the people of all ethnic groups in the north. Once improved brush, known as "pen ancestor".
After the death of Qin Shihuang, Zhongche ordered Zhao Gao, Prime Minister Li Si and childe Hu hai to plot a coup, which led to Meng Tian's suicide by taking medicine.
Life of the characters
descendent of a general
Mengtian's ancestral home is Mengshan, Qi state. His hometown is bianjiachengzi village, Liancheng Township, 7.5km southwest of Mengyin County, Linyi City, Shandong Province. According to textual research, "Meng" takes Mengshan as its surname. During the Warring States period, his grandfather Meng Ao took refuge with King Zhao of Qin in Qi, led the army to attack Han and Zhao, and tired the officials to "Shangqing". His father, Meng Wu, was also a general of the Qin Dynasty. He once served as the internal history of the Qin Dynasty and joined hands with General Wang Jian to destroy the state of Chu. Meng Tian came from a family of famous generals. His grandfather Meng Ao was a famous general of the state of Qin. He was king Zhao of Qin, and the official was the supreme minister. Meng Tian grew up in a military general's home and was deeply influenced by his family environment. He was gifted and intelligent. He was familiar with military books and gradually developed a higher military literacy.
In 221 BC (the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty), Meng Tian was appointed as a general to attack the state of Qi. He was worshipped as the chief executive of the capital of Qin Dynasty for his meritorious service in breaking the state of Qi.
Against the Huns
After Qin annexed the whole world, Meng Tian was ordered to lead 300000 troops to attack Xiongnu. In order to recover Henan Province, 34 counties were set up from Yuzhong to Yinshan. They also crossed the Yellow River, occupied Yangshan, and migrated people to enrich Bian county. Later, it built the Great Wall from Lintao (now Minxian County, Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong (now Liaoning Province) in the East, connecting the original Yan, Zhao and Qin great walls. Taking advantage of the terrain and natural danger, the great wall set up fortresses to effectively curb the southward advance of Xiongnu. Later, he was sent to open a straight road for the first emperor of Qin to travel around the world, from Jiuyuan county (now southwest of Baotou City in Inner Mongolia) to Ganquan palace, cutting off the mountains and filling the deep valley, with a total length of 1800 Li. Unfortunately, it was not completed. Mengtian garrisoned Shangjun for more than ten years, which shocked Xiongnu.
The first emperor of Qin respected and favored Meng, trusted and praised Meng Tian's talent, and was close to Meng Yi, Meng Yiguan's younger brother. When he went out, he took the same car with the first emperor of Qin, and when he was at home, he was in front of the first emperor of Qin. Meng Tian served as a foreign affairs officer, and Meng Yi was often an internal schemer. At that time, he was known as loyal and trustworthy. Therefore, the other generals did not dare to compete with them.
Meng Yi's rule of law is strict, and he never favors the powerful. He is civil and military in Manchu Dynasty, and no one dares to fight against him. One day, Zhao Gao, his servant, committed a serious crime. Meng Yi sentenced him to death according to the law and removed his official post, but he was pardoned by Qin Shihuang. From then on, the Meng brothers became Zhao Gao's heart disease.
Be wrongly killed
In the winter of 210 BC (the 37th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty), Ying Zheng, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, fell ill on his way to Kuaiji, and sent Meng Yi to pray for the mountains and rivers. Soon after Qin Shihuang died in the sand dune, and the news of his death was blocked. Zhao Gao worried that Meng Tian would be put in a position to take over the throne, which was not good for him, so he held on to the imperial edict and conspired with Hu hai to usurp the throne. He forced Lisi to conspire with them and fake the imperial edict. The "imperial edict" accused Fusu of not being able to perform meritorious service outside, but resented his father and emperor, so he sent messengers to give his sons Fusu and Mengtian death with fabricated charges. Fu Su committed suicide. Meng Tian was suspicious and asked for a retrial.
The emissary handed Meng Tian over to the officials and sent Li Si and others to take the place of Meng Tian and imprisoned him in Yangzhou. After Hu Hai killed Fusu, he wanted to release Meng Tian. However, Zhao Gaoshen was afraid that the Meng family would favor and use things again, which would do harm to himself. He insisted on destroying the Meng family. They spread about the issue of the crown prince. Meng Yi once slandered Hu Hai in front of the first emperor. Hu Hai imprisoned and killed Meng Yi. Qin II sent people to kill Meng Tian in Yangzhou.
The emissary said to Meng Tian, "you have sinned too much. Besides, Meng Yi should die and sit with you." Meng Tian said: "I have lived and died for the state of Qin for three generations. I command 300000 troops. Although I am imprisoned, my power is enough to betray. But I know that I should die just. The reason why I do this is that I dare not insult the teachings of my ancestors and forget the kindness of my ancestors. "
The emissary said, "I am only ordered to execute you. I dare not report the general's words to your majesty." Meng Tian sighed: "how did I offend God? To be executed for innocence? " After a long silence, he said, "my sin should have been dead. I started in Lintao and went to Liaodong to build the great wall and dig ditches for more than 10000 Li. It's impossible that I didn't break the earth's veins. This is my sin." So he took medicine and killed himself.
Historical evaluation
Chen Yu: "Meng Tian was a general of the Qin Dynasty. He was a military officer in the north. He opened Yuzhong for thousands of miles and killed Yangzhou."
Sima Qian: 1) I'm going to the north, and I'll go back from the straight road. I'll see what Meng Tian did. Qin built great wall pavilions and barriers, cut mountains and valleys, and connect the straight road. At the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, when he destroyed the princes, the heart of the world was not determined, and the wounded were not hurt. However, Tian was a famous general. He did not use this time to strongly admonish the people, to arouse their urgency, to provide for the aged and to preserve their loneliness, and to repair the harmony of the common people. Ah yixinggong, his brother, should not be punished! What is the source of sin? " ② "For the benefit of Qin Kaidi public, North Mi Xiongnu, according to the river for the plug, because the mountain for solid, build Yuzhong."
Yangzi's "Fa Yan" said: "or ask:" Meng Tian was killed for his loyalty, what can Zhong Xi do? " He said, "if you are not strong enough to attack the Liao River, you will have more corpses and less loyalty."
Cao Cao: "in the past, Leyi went to Zhao, and the king of Zhao wanted to go with him to see Yan. Yue Yi fell down and wept, and said to each other, "if a minister is a king of Zhao, he is still a king. If a minister is a tyrant, he will be put in another country, and then he will die. He can't bear to seek Zhao's apprenticeship, but Kuang Yan's descendants!" When Hu Hai killed Meng Tianye, Tian said, "from my ancestors to my descendants, I have accumulated trust in Qin III. today, my officers and soldiers are more than 300000, which is strong enough to betray. However, those who know that they will die and defend righteousness dare not humiliate the teachings of my ancestors to forget the former king." When I read these two books, I feel sad and shed tears. "
Sima Zhen: "the Qin General of Meng family is a loyal and virtuous person in the internal history. The first building of the Great Wall is Wanli Anbian. Zhao Gaojiao system, Fu Su die Yan. What is the crime of the Jedi? It's hard work. If you want to appeal to heaven, three generations of Liang ran. "
Su Shi: "Meng Tian, a general of 300000 people, is powerful in the north, supporting the Soviet Union and supervising its army, while Meng Yi is a counselor. Although there are big traitors, how dare he look down on them? Unfortunately, there are still people in the mountain and river of prayer temple, and Meng Yi was sent, so Gao and Si had to make their plans. "
Sima Guang: "the first emperor of Qin poisoned the whole world, but Meng Tian did it. I don't know if Meng Tian was benevolent. However, he is quite clear about the righteousness of being a minister. Although he is not guilty, he can defend his life. This is also a good name
Chen Pu: "it was only by chopping and cracking Taihang that the fishy abalone came to Xianyang. In the back of the earth, the spirit of the mountain wanted to repay virtue, so he taught Meng Yi to go there. "
Liu Kezhuang: "although juemo's contribution is great, the Great Wall has deep resentment. But if you know how to hurt the earth, if you don't understand it, you will lose your heart. "
Family members
Meng Ao, the grandfather of Meng Tian, originally lived in the state of Qi. He came to the state of Qin when King Zhaoxiang was in power, and appeared in historical books when King Zhuangxiang was in power. He fought for the state of Qin continuously, and later became Shangqing. In the early years of Qin Shihuang, he became one of the most important generals of Qin state. Meng Tian's father Meng Wu took part in the war of exterminating Chu in Qin Dynasty as the general of Wang Jian. By the time of Mengtian, Mengtian had been able to lead the most important part of the Qin army in the northern expedition to Xiongnu. Even the eldest son of the first emperor of Qin was sent to Mengtian's army to supervise the army. Meanwhile, Mengyi was also a superior minister and led the army. His family status even exceeded that of mengao when he was alive. But it also caused conflicts and interests with Hu Hai, Li Si and Zhao Gao Gao, which eventually led to the demise of the Meng family.
Anecdotes and allusions
Legend of pen making
In 223 BC, Meng Tian, the general of the state of Qin, led his troops to fight outside the country. He would regularly write war reports and send them to the first emperor of Qin. At that time, it was very inconvenient for people to write with bamboo sticks. When they dipped in ink, they had to dip it again. One day, when Meng Tian was hunting, he saw a rabbit's tail drawing blood on the ground. He was inspired.
He immediately cut off some rabbit tail hair, put it in the bamboo tube, and tried to write with it. But rabbit hair is oily and does not absorb ink. Meng Tian tried several times, but the effect was still not good, so he threw the "rabbit hair pen" into the stone pit in front of the door. One day, he accidentally saw the brush that he had thrown away. After picking it up, he found that the wet rabbit hair had become whiter.
When he dipped the rabbit hair pen into the ink tray, the rabbit tail became very obedient and wrote very smoothly. It turned out that the water in the stone pit contained calcareous matter. After soaking in alkaline water, the grease of rabbit hair is removed and becomes soft. It is said that this is the origin of the brush.
As a matter of fact, the unearthed cultural relics have proved that the brush existed long before Meng Tian made it. However, as an improver of brush making technology, Meng Tian's contribution can not be ignored. It is said that Mengtian made the pen with the best autumn rabbit hair in the Zhongshan area of Zhao state, which produces the best rabbit hair. Three bamboo brushes unearthed from the Qin tombs in Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, are made of bamboo tubes. Holes are drilled in the front end of the brush tubes. The head of the brush is inserted into the hole. Another bamboo tube with the same length as the brush tube is made as a pen cover. The brush is placed in the pen cover and then glued firmly. In order to get the pen conveniently, there is a 8.5cm long rectangular slot in the middle of the pen cover. The bamboo tube is painted with black paint and red lines. It can be seen that this work of Qin Dynasty has adopted a complete set of production
Chinese PinYin : Meng Tian
Meng Tian
