Cao Chong

Cao Chong

Cao Chong (196-208), named Cangshu, was born in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was born in Qiao (now Bozhou) of the Yushou governor's department in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was the son of Cao Cao and his wife Huan. Since childhood, he was intelligent, benevolent and different. He was deeply loved by Cao Cao. There is an allusion of "Cao Chong called Xiang". Cao Cao boasted of him several times to his ministers, and he meant to be his successor. Cao Chong died at the age of 13.

Life of the characters

Childhood image

Cao Chong, with the word Cangshu, was born in Qiao (now Bozhou, Anhui Province) of the Yushou governor's department at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Born by Cao Cao's concubine, Mrs. Huan. As a teenager, he was very observant and intelligent. Cao Chong was born five or six years ago. He was as intelligent as an adult. At that time, Sun Quan once sent a big elephant. Cao Cao wanted to know the weight of the elephant and asked his subordinates, but he couldn't come up with a way. Cao Chong said: "put the elephant on the big ship, mark the mark on the ship when the water mark is submerged, weigh the goods and load them on the ship, then you can know after comparison." Cao Cao was very happy, immediately implemented this method, and really knew the weight of the elephant.

Saving the Treasury officials with wisdom

At that time, there were many military and state affairs, and the penalty was severe and severe. Cao Cao's saddle was gnawed by rats in the warehouse. The officials who managed the warehouse were afraid that they would die. They wanted to turn themselves in by binding their hands, but they were still afraid that they could not get away with it. Cao Chong said to him, "wait three days, and then you turn yourself in." Cao Chong then took a knife to pierce his clothes, just like a mouse biting, pretending to be unwilling, with a worried look on his face. When Cao Cao asked him, Cao Chong replied, "it's a folk custom that if a mouse bites his clothes, the host will be unlucky. Now I'm sorry that I've been bitten Cao Cao said, "that's nonsense. There's no need to worry." Before long, the treasurer reported the story of the mouse biting the saddle. Cao Cao said with a smile, "my son's clothes are right by his side, and he was bitten, not to mention the saddle hanging on the pillar?" He didn't blame the treasurer at all. Cao Chong is kind-hearted and knowledgeable. As this incident shows, there are dozens of people who should have committed a crime and been killed, but were helped and forgiven by Cao Chong's Secret reasoning. Cao Cao praised Cao Chong to the ministers several times, and had a plan to let Cao Chong inherit the great cause.

Unfortunately, he died young

In 208 A.D. (the 13th year of Jian'an), when Cao Chong was 13 years old, Cao Chong was seriously ill. Cao Cao personally asked Heaven to save his life for him. When Cao Chong died, Cao Cao was very sad. Cao Pi comforted Cao Cao and said, "it's my misfortune, but it's your luck." As soon as he said this, he burst into tears and hired the dead daughter of empress Wen Zhao Zhen to be buried with him. He gave him the official seal ribbon as a gift and ordered Cao Cong, the son of marquis Wan, to be the descendant of Cao Chong. In 217 ad (the 22nd year of Jian'an), Cao Cao granted Cao Cong the title of marquis Deng. In 221 ad (the second year of Huangchu), Cao Pi gave Cao Chong the posthumous title of marquis AI of Deng, and added the title of Duke Deng. In 232 ad (the fifth year of Taihe), Cao Chong was given the posthumous title of Deng ai wang.

Anecdotes and allusions

look at one 's image in the mirror and pity oneself

Pheasants love their feathers and dance when they see the reflection in the water. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The South offered the pheasant to Cao Cao. Cao Cao wanted to make it sing and dance, but he couldn't help it. Cao Chong ordered to put a big mirror in front of the pheasant. When the pheasant saw that the big mirror began to dance, he didn't know how to stop and finally died of exhaustion. " It's a metaphor for self pity,

A child prodigy

Jingzhou child prodigy Zhou no doubt goes to Xudu and has a good relationship with Cao Chong. Cao Cao also likes them very much. After Cao Chong died young, whenever Cao Cao saw Zhou Buyi, he thought of Cao Chong. His heart broke out and he ordered someone to assassinate him. Cao Pi pleaded for him. Cao Cao said, "this man is not something you can control." So he sent someone to assassinate Zhou Buyi.

Historical evaluation

According to the annals of the Three Kingdoms, "shaocong Chaqi was born at the age of five or six. He was as intelligent as an adult." Wei Shu: "when I see a criminal, I often see his unjust feelings and make a slight explanation. It is often said by Taizu that the diligent officials should be forgiven for their mistakes. They are different from each other in appearance and beauty Cao Pi: "when I was in charge of Deng, I was in charge of Hou Chong. In the old days, the emperor was so beautiful that I bowed to him, so that I could be wise and wise. When the eternal enjoyment of Xian Zuo, Ke Cheng Jue end. How can I not get a salary and die early in life? " "I'm only Shu, but I'm pure and good. It is the light of heaven. He is both wise and benevolent, so soft can overcome hard. Peter's face, I'd like to do it Cao Zhi: "Yu Weishu's younger brother is pure and virtuous. It is the light of heaven. He is both wise and benevolent, so soft can overcome hard. Peter's face, I love you. It is appropriate to divide every time, so that there will be no border forever. How Haotian, Xie sijunying. alas! But human life, suddenly like the morning dew, promote a hundred years, the line of dusk. He died at the age of thirteen, and he failed to live up to heaven Shao Bo: "Cangshu, the son of Wei Wu, lived at the age of thirteen. Although the survival of the Han Dynasty is unknown, he will not kill Xun Wenruo. Then the husband's life will die, and the one he is tied to will be more eloquent. " Ye Shi: "Cang Shu is a child with a heart of benevolence. He is also called an elephant by boat. He opens up wisdom and physics for the world and builds up natural endowment." Liu Kezhuang: "the whole life is like a saddle official, and the balance is like a boat. I'm so lucky that Shu has no years. " Hu Yinglin: "poetry has not been passed on for three generations. It is not only passed on, but also famous. Only Cao's Cao, PI and Ruier are famous. However, if Baima's name is preserved in Zhongpin, then Biao should also be able to write poems. He was also the most powerful and wise man in the city. To hide from He De, how can we cultivate talents? It's the same with the birth of a son. Sun Zhongmou's generation is full of wisdom! "

Family members

parent

brothers and sisters

wife

The youngest daughter of the Zhen family

Heirs

Cao Cong

Related disputes

Time of death

Scholars generally follow the records of the biography of the Three Kingdoms and believe that Cao Chong died in the 13th year of Jian'an, that is, 208. However, according to the preface of Cang Shu Lei, an additional edition of Cao Ji Quan '. Leiwenyan "thirteen and death", in order to push back the year of birth, when in the Eastern Han Dynasty Xingping two years, that is, 195.

Query of image

He Zhuo thinks that Sun Quan only sent Bu Ji to be the governor of Jiaozhou in the 15th year of Jian'an (210), and Shi Xie brothers flattered the east Wu. Only after that can he get the Asian elephant. However, Cao Chong died long before the 13th year of Jian'an (208), so it is not true that Cao Chong weighed the elephant, and the weighing method of carving water on the boat may have existed for a long time. Shao Jinhan pointed out that in Fu Zi, it was recorded that King Yanzhao ordered water officials to weigh big pigs in a similar way. Chen Yinke thinks that the story of Cao Chong's image is derived from Indian Buddhist scriptures. He points out that there is no image in Cao Wei, which is located in the Central Plains, so it has to be confused with Sun Quan's offering. This is a common practice in comparative folk literature. However, the story of image is often found in Chinese translated Buddhist scriptures, such as the Buddhist scripture "Za Bao Zang Jing · Vol.1 · abandoning Lao Guo Yuan" translated by Jijia ye gongtan in the Northern Wei Dynasty Baozang Jing was translated in the Northern Wei Dynasty, later than the annals of the Three Kingdoms, which was completed in the early Western Jin Dynasty. However, a lot of the contents in zabaozang Jing can be found in the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures. This story may also be based on the early translation of Buddhist scriptures, or although the Buddhist scriptures have been translated, but the book is dead and can not be verified, or the Buddhist scriptures have not been translated, but the story depends on oral narration Spread to China, was attached to the experience of Cao Chong. Ji Xianlin also believes that the story of Cao Chong's image comes from the Indian Buddhist Sutra zabaocangjing, which "probably spread to China orally in the later Han Dynasty". However, this query is mainly based on the one-sided knowledge of natural geography and biology in the Qing Dynasty and modern times. It directly questions the records in the main body of the annals of the Three Kingdoms, which is only a few decades away from the event. Modern historical geography and biological research do not support Chen Yinke's theory. Historical geographers have summed up a large number of records of wild elephants in official history. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, Anhui, Hunan, Jiangsu and Hubei all recorded the invasion of wild elephants. Modern natural science research shows that the northern boundary of Asian elephant activity in the first 200 to 580 years was in the Huaihe River area of Qinling Mountains. The northern boundary of Asian elephant activity in the first 580 to 1050 years was still in Hangzhou Bay and Qiantang River. Even as late as 1450, the northern boundary of Asian elephant activity could still include Wuyi Mountain in Fujian Province. When Sun Quan took over Jiangdong in 200, he was granted the title of Kuaiji prefect by the imperial court. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Kuaiji Prefecture had jurisdiction over Sanming City, Zhangzhou City, Longyan City, Nanping City and other areas in Fujian Province in the south, far south of the northern boundary of Asian elephant activities (Qinling Huaihe River). Wu Jinhua pointed out that Jiang Biao Zhuan, quoted in volume 95 of Yi Wen Lei Ju, also recorded the story of Cao Chong's being called an elephant. In the record, Deng Wang Chong was still young, which coincided with the fact that he Zhuan was born five or six years old. It can be seen that this happened between the fifth year of Jian'an and the sixth year of Jian'an. At that time, Sun Quan had just begun to rule, and it was reasonable to offer an elephant for good. He Zhuo believed that the giant elephant must have come from Jiaozhou and must have been an elephant It's not reliable that Shi Xie can obtain Juxiang only after flattering. Peng Hua also pointed out that Chen Yinke's argument is very problematic. According to the research of historical geography, there were wild elephants living in the north of the Yangtze River before Liu Song Dynasty, and then they were limited to the south of the Yangtze River. It is entirely possible that there were elephants in Wu state during the Three Kingdoms period and sun Quanjin dedicated them to Cao Wei. Peng Hua also pointed out that Cao Chong's method of weighing elephant might have existed in ancient times.

Film and television image

In 1983, the movie Hua Tuo and Cao Cao: Dong Wengang plays Cao Chong; in 2010, the TV Series Three Kingdoms: An Peng Zeyu plays Cao Chong; in 2011, the TV series back to the Three Kingdoms: the actor is unknown; in 2017, the TV series big master Sima Yi's military alliance: Tianbao plays Cao Chong.

Chinese PinYin : Cao Chong