Tang Ruizong

Li Dan

Li Dan (June 22, 662 - July 13, 716) was born in Chengji (today's Qin'an County, Gansu Province) of western Gansu Province. The fifth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (not counting Tang Shaodi and Wu Zetian), the eighth son of Li Zhi, the fourth son of Wu Zetian and the mother and brother of Li Xiantong.

In 662, he was born in Chang'an. He was modest, studious and proficient in calligraphy. He was appointed king of Yin, king of Ji, king of Xiang and king of Yu, and led the animal husbandry of Luozhou. In the first year of Sisheng's reign (684), Empress Dowager Wu Zetian listened to the government behind the curtain. After the establishment of Wu Zhou, he was descended to the throne. In the second year of the holy calendar (699), he was restored to prime minister and imprisoned in the palace. Participate in the Shenlong coup and realize the recovery of the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Jingyun (710), Pingwang Li Longji and Princess Taiping launched the Tang Long coup and became emperor again. Beloved Princess Taiping employed people to do political work, competing with the Crown Prince Li Longji for power. In the first year of Xiantian (712), Zen was located in Li Longji, the crown prince of the imperial court.

Li Dan ascended the throne twice before and after, and he reigned for eight years (684-690 years, 710-712 years), and he really held power for two years. Kaiyuan four years (716), died of illness, at the age of 55, posthumous title XuanZhen great sage daxingxiao emperor, temple name Ruizong, buried in the bridge mausoleum.

Life of the characters

Early experience

On June 22, 662, Li Dan was born in Chang'an.

Li Dan is the fourth son born to Li Zhi and Wu Zetian, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty. He was named Li Xulun at the beginning. Soon after he was born, he was appointed king of Yin. He led the governor of Jizhou, Chanyu daduhu and Youjin Wuwei. He was the youngest of his brothers, so he was favored by his father, Tang Gaozong.

As an adult, Li Xulun was modest and eager to learn, proficient in calligraphy, and had a lot of research on exegesis. He served as the right guard general and luozhoumu. He was granted the titles of king of Henan, king of Ji and king of Xiang, and changed his name to Li Lun.

In the second year of Yongchun (683), Li Lun changed his name to Li Dan and was granted the title of king of Henan again.

Puppet emperor

In the first year of Sisheng's reign (684), Empress Wu Zetian abolished Emperor Li Xian as king of Luling, and changed Li Dan into emperor. She called Li Xian emperor and ruled on all political affairs. In the name of Li Dan, she changed her name to civilization, and conferred the title of empress Liu and Crown Prince Li Chengqi. After that, Li Dan was put under house arrest in the imperial palace. He could not foresee political affairs and began his life as a puppet emperor. Not only could he not go in and out of the palace at will, he could not even move freely in the palace. At that time, British Duke Xu Jingye set up troops in Yangzhou against Wu Zetian. Pei Yan, the prime minister, took the opportunity to ask Wu Zetian to return politics to Li Dan. As a result, she was beheaded by Wu Zetian for treason. Wu Zetian sent 300000 troops to suppress the rebellion in Yangzhou, and Xu Jingye was defeated and killed.

In the first month of the second year of chuigong (686), Empress Wu issued an imperial edict to return the government to the emperor. Li Dan knew that his mother was testing him, so he went to the court several times and tried to refuse, asking her to continue to face the court. Wu Zetian then pushed the boat along the river and "accepted" Li Dan's request. She was still in charge of the imperial government.

In the fourth year of chuigong (688), Wu Chengsi presented a piece of white stone engraved with the eight characters "the virgin is coming, the emperor of Yongchang" to Wu Zetian, claiming that it was found in Luoshui. Wu Zetian was very happy and named Baishi as "Baotu" (later renamed as "holy map granted by heaven"), and added the honorary title of "Holy Mother". As an emperor, Li Dan not only couldn't stop him, but also accompanied Wu Zetian to Luoshui to participate in the ceremony of "receiving pictures from bailuo".

At that time, Li Chong, king of Langya, and Li Zhen, king of Yue, fought against Wu Zetian, but they were defeated and died. Li Yuanjia, the king of Han, Li lingkui, the king of Lu, Li Yuangui, the king of Huo, Li Shen, the king of Ji, Li Xu, the king of Jiangdu, Li Zhuan, the Duke of Huang, Li Rong, the Duke of Dongguan, and Princess Changle were forced to commit suicide, beheaded or died in exile. Li Zongshi was almost killed.

Hard Emperor

In the first year of Tianshu reign (690), Shi Yushi Fu led 900 people to the imperial court to ask Wu Zetian to be emperor. Hundreds of officials, clansmen, relatives, four Yi chiefs, even monks and nuns, Taoists, all urged them to enter. Forced by the situation, Li Dan also asked his mother to be emperor, and asked for the surname Wu. In September of that year, Empress Wu was officially called emperor, honoring the title of emperor Shengshen, and changing her name to Zhou, which was called Wu Zhou in history. Li Dan was descended to the emperor's heir, renamed Li Lun, given the surname Wu, and moved to the east palace. All etiquette was based on the specifications of the crown prince. Li Chengqi, the crown prince, was called emperor's grandson. From then on, Li Dan became the target of attack by the kings of Wu family and cruel officials, and began his difficult career as emperor.

In 691, Zhang Jiafu, a confidant of Wu Chengsi, the king of the Wei Dynasty, instigated Wang Qingzhi, a common man in Luoyang, to gather hundreds of people. On the basis of "God does not love others, and people do not worship others", he asked Wu Zetian to depose Li Dan as the Emperor's heir and change him to the crown prince. CEN changqian and Ge Fuyuan, the prime ministers, objected to changing the emperor's heir. Wu Chengsi framed them as treason and was sentenced to death. Li Zhaode, the servant of Fengge, not only killed Wang Qingzhi, but also took the opportunity to admonish Wu Zetian and keep Li Dan's position as emperor's heir. But later, Wu Zetian held a sacrificial ceremony in the Vientiane temple. She ignored the ritual system of "the crown prince offering sacrifices to Ya", avoided Li Dan, the emperor's heir, and changed to Wu Chengsi to offer sacrifices to ya, and ordered Wu Sansi, the king of Liang, to make the final sacrifice.

In the second year of longevity (693), Wei tuan'er, Empress Wu Zetian's favorite maid, was rejected for seducing Li Dan. He took revenge and falsely accused the imperial concubines Liu and Du of cursing Wu Zetian with witchcraft. Wu Zetian secretly executed concubine Liu and concubine Dou and buried them in the palace. Li Dan did not dare to mention the disappearance of the two concubines. He was calm in front of Wu Zetian, as if nothing had happened. Wei tuan'er also wanted to harm Li Dan, but he was denounced and executed. Soon after, Pei bandit Gong, the supervisor of the Shang Dynasty, and fan Yunxian, the constant servant of the imperial court, were killed for meeting Li Dan in private. Wu Zetian deprived Li Dan of the right to meet with all the officials.

Later, Li Dan was falsely accused of treason, and Wu Zetian ordered cruel officials to come to Junchen for trial. Lai Junchen extorts a confession from the East Palace officials by torture, so that they can "recruit" the truth of Li Dan's plot against him. An jinzang, a musician, had a caesarean section in public to show that the emperor did not rebel. Wu Zetian was deeply moved and no longer doubted Li Dan. She ordered Lai Junchen to stop the trial. Li Dan survived.

Prime minister an

In the first year of the holy calendar (698), Wu Zetian, under the persuasion of Di Renjie, Wang Fangqing and other ministers, decided to return the power to Li. She ordered people to go to Fangzhou and take Li Xian, the king of Luling, back to Luoyang. Li Dan said that he was ill several times and asked to give Li Xian the place of the prince. In September of that year, Empress Wu reestablished Li Xian as the crown prince.

In the second year of the holy calendar (699), Li Dan was re granted the title of prime minister. He changed his name from Wu Lun to Li Dan and led the prince Youwei. Later, he led the capital guard of Anbei University. At that time, in order to mediate the conflict between Li and Wu, Wu Zetian called together the children of the two ethnic groups and vowed in Mingtang that the two ethnic groups should live in harmony. Li Dan, as the representative of Li family, took part in the oath of alliance with Li Xian and Princess Taiping.

In the first year of Chang'an (701), the Turkic Moho Khan led the army to invade the south. Li Dan was appointed marshal of tianbingdao to lead the army against Turks. He did not lead the army, but was the commander of Tang army in name. Soon after, the Turks withdrew, and Li Dan became the general of the left and right Yulin guards.

In the second year of Chang'an (702), Turks invaded Bingzhou. Li Dan was appointed as bingzhoumu, and served as marshal of anbeidao March. Later, Li Dan was transferred to Yongzhou.

In the first year of Shenlong (705), the prime ministers Zhang cambzhi and Cui Xuanwei launched a Shenlong coup to kill Zhang Yizhi and Zhang changzong, who were the faces of Wu Zetian, and forced Wu Zetian's Zen to be located in Lixian, which was for the emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty. At that time, Li Dan led the Nanya Imperial Army, captured Wei Chengqing, Cui Shenqing and other members of the Zhang family, and was worshipped as Taiwei and luantai of tongfengge for his meritorious service. He participated in state affairs as prime minister and was also named prime minister an. Soon after, Li Dan resigned from his position as Taiwei and zhizhengshi. Tang Zhongzong wanted to make Li Dan emperor's younger brother, but he refused.

Coup

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< sub > the rebellion of empress Wei

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< sub > Tang Long coup

In June of the fourth year of Jinglong (710), Tang Zhongzong died (it is said that he was poisoned by Empress Wei). Empress Wei appointed Li chongmao, king of Wen, as emperor, and changed her reign to Tang long. She was Regent as empress dowager. She sent her cronies to control the imperial army of the northern and southern Yamen and the various departments of Shangshu Province, and wantonly recruited party members to follow Wu Zetian's example and usurp the Tang Dynasty. At that time, as the emperor's uncle, Li Dan was worshipped as a Taiwei, and became the main obstacle for Empress Wei to win the throne with Princess Taiping. Wei party is determined to put them to death. Li Longji, the third son of Li Dan, secretly recruited heroes in the capital and conspired with Princess Taiping to help the country. Cui Riyong, the Minister of the Ministry of war, was originally a member of Webster's party. He secretly reported Webster's plot to Li Longji for fear of disaster.

On June 20, with the help of Ge Fushun, Li Xianfu and other imperial generals, Li Longji, under the banner of "killing all the Wei to restore the country and establishing the prime minister to pacify the world", first launched a mutiny, killed empress Wei, Princess Anle and their party members, and then welcomed Li Dan into the palace to assist the young emperor. Li Dan and Li chongmao boarded the Anfu gate to appease the people.

At that time, Li Longji was worshipped as prime minister, and was granted the title of King Ping. He led the Wanqi Imperial Army and controlled the inside and outside of the imperial city. Forced by the situation, Li chongmao asked to give way to his uncle Li Dan. At first, Li Dan tried his best to refuse. Later, he listened to Li Longji, Li Chengqi and others' persuasion and accepted Li chongmao's abdication. On June 24, Li Dan ascended the throne in Taiji hall and became emperor for the second time. He boarded Chengtian gate, announced the amnesty of the world, changed the yuan Jingyun, and restored Li chongmao as King Wen.

At that time, Li Longji made great contributions, while Li Chengqi was the eldest son, and both of them had the qualification to be the crown prince. Li Dan hesitated. Li Chengqi took the initiative to abdicate the crown prince on the ground that "the safety of the country is the first, and the danger of the country is the first". Liu you

Chinese PinYin : Tang Rui Zong