Gao E
Gao E
Gao E (1758-1815) was named Yunshi, Qiufu, Lanshu, Xingyi and Honglou. Cheng gaoben is one of the two main writers, arrangers and publishers of Cheng gaoben, the first printed and complete edition in the history of publication and dissemination of the Chinese classical novel a dream of Red Mansions. He was born in Tieling, Liaoning Province, and lived in Beijing in the early Qing Dynasty.
Gao E was elected in 1788, and was promoted in 1795. He served as a minister in the cabinet, a minister in the Han Army, a minister in the cabinet, a censor in Jiangnan Road, and a criminal officer. There are "yuexiaoshanfang manuscript", "yanxiangci · zicuncao" and other works handed down.
From 1791 to 1792, Gao E, at the invitation of his friend Cheng Weiyuan, helped to organize and publish the first and second editions of a dream of Red Mansions. Since Hu Shi's textual research, the Redology circle has long believed that the last forty chapters of a dream of red mansions were the continuation of Gao E. In the 21st century, this view has been more and more strongly criticized. Since 2007, people's Literature Publishing House has stopped using the words "Gao E's work" and "Gao E's continuation" in the new edition of a dream of Red Mansions, and replaced them with "Wu Ming's continuation, arranged by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E", which indicates that the theory of "Gao e's continuation" has been shaken. Yu Pingbo's last words: "Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E have contributed to the preservation of a dream of Red Mansions." Zhang Qingshan, President of the Chinese Redology Association, pointed out: "Gao E should not be a sequel to a dream of Red Mansions. He should be the editor of the final publication of a dream of Red Mansions "A dream of Red Mansions" can be spread, and Gao E is the first meritorious official. "
Life of the characters
Early experience
Gao E's date of birth on his own resume is "born on October 17, Wuyin year" (see Gao E, Volume 4 of Qing Dynasty Zhu Juan Ji Ji, edited by Gu Tinglong), which is November 17, 1758. Gao E's father was a scholar and had farmland. He lived in the suburbs of Beijing. Gao E's youth like to travel, often with "young wine companion", "while the butterfly with the wind, waves win two sleeves of incense stay", it seems to be more licentious, do not abide by Confucian ethics. in his youth, Gao E pursued fame and was keen on official advancement, and gradually formed a world outlook and artistic outlook dominated by Confucian orthodoxy. However, he failed in the examination several times, which gave him a great spiritual blow. He once left Beijing to work as a private school teacher in the area of the Great Wall in the northwest of Beijing, or as an assistant. During this period, Gao E and Wang Jun had an unforgettable love affair. He is old on the top and small on the bottom. He believes in Buddhism because of misfortune. Gao E wrote the most about this love. Gao E tossed about in the imperial examination field for a long time, until the 53rd year of Emperor Qianlong (1788), and finally achieved his wish of Zhongshun Tianxiang examinee.
Sorting out a dream of Red Mansions
After Gao E's mid-term examination, he failed to prepare for the examination again and again. He was physically and mentally exhausted, but he also had a few years of leisure. He had borrowed a copy of a dream of Red Mansions from a friend, but it was only 80 times. He was deeply regretted that the latter part was not found. In the spring of 1791, the third year after Gao E's middle school entrance examination, Cheng Weiyuan, a friend of Gao E's, paid a visit to the school and showed him a hundred and twenty copies of the book he had searched for and asked him to participate in the collation. Gao E thought that although this book is a leisure novel, it does not conflict with Confucianism, so he readily agreed. Five days after the winter solstice of this year, the task was completed and went to the factory for printing. Soon, the first large-scale printed version of a dream of Red Mansions came out, which Hu Shi called Cheng Jia's version. According to Cheng Weiyuan, their specific work is to proofread the original manuscript, cut short, copy it all, and then print and publish it. The publication of Cheng Jia's edition was a little hasty, a little eager for quick success and instant benefit, so the editing, proofreading and typesetting were not careful enough, and many defects were found as soon as they left the factory. So Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan immediately started to revise it, and it was published on February 13, 1792, which Hu Shi called Cheng Yi's edition. According to the introduction of Cheng Yi's edition, which was co written by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E, the first 80 chapters of this edition are based on the reference of various old manuscripts to make up for the missing articles and correct errors, and occasionally add or lose a few words. In the last forty chapters, there are only fragmentary editions, and no other editions for reference. Therefore, we can only patch the gaps according to the order of the fragmentary manuscripts, so as to make the narration continuous and reduce contradictions. As for the original manuscript, they did not dare to change it. Gao E is very proud of his contribution in participating in, sorting out and publishing a dream of Red Mansions, and wrote a poem "re setting the end of the novel of a dream of Red Mansions", which says: "realize the light and free Zen."
A glorious official career
After Cheng gaoben's a dream of Red Mansions was published, Gao E ushered in the peak of his life. Qianlong 60 years (1795), in Yimao Enke Jinshi, palace examination three first, awarded the cabinet secretary. Gao E, a young and promising man, was highly praised by his colleagues and superiors. As a result, he was promoted step by step. He was an official of the Han Army, cabinet classics and cabinet aides. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801), Gao E served as an examiner in shuntianxiang. In the fourteenth year of Jiaqing (1809), Gao E was chosen by his official to be the censor of Jiangnan Road. In 1813, Gao E was promoted to the Department of criminal justice.
Poor family in old age
Not long after Gao E was appointed as a criminal officer, he was punished by being demoted to three levels for failing to investigate the conspiracy case of Lin Qing, the head of the eight trigrams sect. This is in line with the saying that "if you climb high, you will fall heavily.". He had been an official for half his life, but he had no choice but to face the misfortune. Gao E died in 1815 at the age of 57.
Main achievements
On the title page of a dream of Red Mansions by people's Literature Publishing House, there are two lines under "anonymous continuation": Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E. Zhou Xuanlong, director of the classical Department of the society, said in an interview that this is Gao E's original contribution to the formation and dissemination of a dream of Red Mansions. Zhou Xuanlong said that this approach has also been recognized by most of the researchers involved in the book's proofreading and annotation work of the Chinese Academy of Arts and the dream of Red Mansions Institute.
Characteristics of literature
Gao E's creation can be divided into the former and the latter. Taking the mid-term examination in the 53rd year of Qianlong as the dividing line, he liked to write CI in the early stage and poetry in the later stage. His style of Ci is close to that of Huajian CI in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. He is colorful, a little like Wen Tingyun, but not as frivolous as Wen. The content of CI can be divided into four categories: first, the life of a schoolteacher, such as Zhu Su's coming to visit and present; second, the sentimental chanting, such as Yi Wang sun, good daughter, Jin Zhang Chun, portrays the image of a faithful young girl, vivid and full of the flavor of the times; third, the romantic travel, such as Sheng Sheng man, leaves the traces of his boyhood and aristocratic children; fourth, the love with Wang Jun Love, such as "nanxiangzi", "tangduoling", "jiangchengzi", "linjiangxian" and "cherishing Yu chunman", its "Golden Melody" tries to describe the sentimental and sentimental feelings with Wang Jun, such as weeping and complaining, turning back and forth, past experience, sincere. Gao e paid attention to the sincerity of rhetoric and expression in his poems. He studied Du Fu's poems in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty with great efforts. His poems expanded the scope of the subject matter, elegant and bold style, and powerful language. His seven rhythms can be regarded as the best in his poems, especially those expressing the sense of rise and fall. They are not only magnificent, harmonious in tone and lofty in artistic conception, but also touch important historical themes because they go beyond the narrow life of the individual. They are more or less from the standpoint of the masses and contain hazy national consciousness, such as returning to Sanzhong temple at night. Gao E pays attention to innovation in artistic practice, pays attention to conception, and is good at renovating allusions, all of which are very valuable. Its defects are: in the content of life is not very wide; in the form of expression, individual antithesis is not very good; at the same time, individual words also lose their obscurity. In spite of this, there are still many shortcomings, and the success is the main one.
personal works
Gaolanshu collection, Volume 59 of eight banners Wenjing written by Shengyu and Yang Zhongxi of Qing Dynasty, has not been recorded in the biographical version of "Lanshu Shichao", "Wenyuan Zhuan 2 of Qing Dynasty manuscript", and "yuexiaoshanfang manuscript", which was edited and edited by Hua Ling, Gao E's disciple and his disciples, and then printed by them. Collected in Beijing Library, there are 44 poems of Gao E's Ci entitled to Linqing, Volume 20 of the collection of the first lady of Qing Dynasty, biography of Gao Fengyi, introduction of a dream of Red Mansions, and postscript of Cao man Tang's poem manuscript in Cheng B 》For the preface of the book, see the reprinted edition of the book in the 11th year of Xianfeng (1861), the manuscript collected by Peking University Library, including 16 Eight Legged essays by Gao E, the ten arts of LAN Shu, the manuscript collected by Peking University Library, 11 Eight Legged essays by Gao E, the selected notes of Tang Lu Lu Wang's poems, and the manuscript collected by Beijing Library, including the manuscript of LAN Shu There are two volumes in the ancient style of picking banknotes and the modern style of picking banknotes in Lanshu. They are divided into two volumes. They are compiled by Gao E and are written in Manchu, Mongolian and Han languages. They are also known as the essentials of Sanhe's administration of officials. There is a printed version, which is described in the catalogue of eight ethnic groups' arts and culture by Enhua
Character evaluation
Book of second class officials in Beijing and Chahar: Gao E, a cabinet secretary, is a man of good conduct, diligent in politics, long talent and strong strength. Examination words: diligence. "Preface to yuexiaoshanfang's manuscript" by Zeng Ling: Master Lanshu is also a Han soldier in Tieling. By Yimao Jinshi, Li official to admonish, famous throughout Beijing. But the family is poor and the officials are cold. Therefore, there are so many works, not to mention the publication, but the end of the ambition. Zhang Wentao's "to Gaolan villa (E) in the same year": no flowers, no wine, enduring late autumn, sweeping the cloud room and singing. Chivalrous monarch can empty purple, amorous people say Red Mansions. Weichi arm now rain, gain and loss care about this old tour. elastic
Chinese PinYin : Gao E
Gao E
