Yu Shinan

Yu Shinan

Yu Shinan (558-638, July 11) was born in Yuyao County, Yuezhou (now minghechang, Guanhaiwei town, Cixi City, Zhejiang Province). From the southern Chen Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, calligraphers, writers, poets and politicians, the son of Yu Li, a common son of the prince of the Chen Dynasty, and the younger brother of Yu Shiji, a minister of internal history of the Sui Dynasty, are among the 24 meritorious officials of Lingyan Pavilion.

Yu Shinan is quiet and studious. Li Shi Chen, Sui two generations, official worship Secretary Lang, living room. After the fall of Sui Dynasty, he attached himself to Dou Jiande, the king of Xia Dynasty, and granted him the title of the yellow gate servant. After the king of Qin Li Shimin destroyed Dou Jiande, he led Yu Shinan to join the army in the palace of the king of Qin, to join the army in the record room, and to become a Bachelor of hongwenguan. He and Fang Xuanling were in charge of Wenhan and became one of the "Eighteen Bachelor". During the reign of Zhenguan, he successively held the posts of Zhuolang, Secretary Shaojian, Secretary Jian and so on. He was granted the title of Duke of Yongxing County. Although he was timid and weak, he had a strong temperament and was respected by Li Shimin for his outspoken words and daring to remonstrate. In the 12th year of Zhenguan (638), Yu Shinan died at the age of 81. He was presented with the Minister of rites, posthumous title "Wenyi", and was buried in Zhaoling.

Yu Shinan is good at calligraphy, and together with Ouyang Xun, Chu suiliang and Xue Ji, he is called the "four masters of early Tang Dynasty" (Ouyang Xun, Chu suiliang and Yu Shinan are called the "three masters of early Tang Dynasty" in Japanese academic circles). Beitang shuchao, one of the four major books in Tang Dynasty, is one of the earliest existing books in China. The original collection of thirty volumes of poems and essays is incomplete. In the Republic of China, Zhang Shouyong compiled four volumes of Yu Mi Jian Ji.

Life of the characters

Dedicated and diligent in learning

Yu Jian, the grandfather of Yu Shinan, was the counsellor of Shixing in the Liang Dynasty; Yu Li, the father of Yu Shinan, was a common son among the princes of the Chen Dynasty. Yu Shinan's uncle, Yu Ji, was an official in the Chen Dynasty and served as the Minister of Zhongshu. Because he had no children, Yu Shinan adopted Yu Ji as his son, so he chose the word Boshi.

Yu Shinan is quiet and lustless. He has a firm will and works hard. When he was young, he studied with his elder brother Yu Shiji under the door of Gu yewang, a famous writer. He has been studying for more than ten years. He works hard and thinks unremittingly. Sometimes he doesn't wash his face or comb his hair for more than ten days. He is good at writing articles and used to learn from Xu Ling, a famous writer. Xu Ling also thinks that Yu Shinan has got his true essence. Zhiyong, a monk in the same county with him, is the seventh grandson of Wang Xizhi. He is good at calligraphy. Yu Shinan worships Zhiyong as a teacher, and is well-known for his calligraphy.

Observe etiquette and law

In 561, Yu Shinan's father, Yu Li, died. At that time, Yu Shinan was still young, and he was too thin to bear mourning because of grief. Knowing that Yuli's two sons were erudite, Emperor Chen often sent envoys from the palace to their homes to help and protect them.

At the end of the mourning period, Yu Shinan was called to join the army as facao, king of Jian'an. His uncle, Yu Ji, was captured by Chen Baoying, the governor of Jin'an. He was far away from Fujian and Vietnam. Although Yu Shinan had removed his mourning clothes, he was still clothed and fed. In 564, Chen Baonan was defeated.

Eryu enters Beijing

In 583, empress Chen was appointed king friend of Xiyang. In 589, after the fall of the Chen Dynasty, Yu Shinan and Yu Shiji went to Chang'an, the capital of the Sui Dynasty. Both brothers were famous for a time. People at that time compared them to Lu Ji and his younger brother Lu Yun in the Western Jin Dynasty. At that time, Yang Guang, the emperor of the Sui Dynasty, was still the king of Jin Dynasty. Hearing their fame, Yang Guang and Yang Jun, the king of Qin, sent the documents together. Yu Shinan resolutely refused on the pretext of his mother's old age. Yang Guang ordered the emissary to pursue them.

In the first year of Daye (605), Yu Shinan was successively awarded the title of secretary, and was promoted to the rank of living quarters. Together with Yu Chuo and Yu Zizhi, he wrote jade mirror of Changzhou. In the same year, because of the death of his mother and mourning. At that time, Yu Shiji was very important in the dynasty. His wife dressed like the king. Although he lived with them, he was poor and thrifty and did not change his temperament.

After the change of Jiangdu, Yu Shinan followed Yuwen Huaji to Liaocheng. In the second year of Wude (619), Yu wenhuaji was defeated and killed. Yu Shinan was captured by Dou Jiande, the king of Xia Dynasty. Dou Jiande appointed him as the servant of Huangmen.

Courage to remonstrate

In 621, after Li Shimin, the king of Qin, defeated Dou Jiande, Yu Shinan was appointed to join the army in the palace of the king of Qin, and soon transferred to Jishi to join the army. In October, Li Shimin was appointed general of Tiance, and established a literature museum. Yu Shinan was awarded the Bachelor of Hongwen library, and together with Fang Xuanling, he took charge of the imperial edict to Wenhan, one of the "Eighteen Bachelor".

In the fifth year of Wude (622), he and Pei Ju wrote the book of good fortune.

In June of 626, after Li Shimin was officially appointed as the crown prince, Yu Shinan was promoted to the throne.

In August of the same year, Li Shimin ascended the throne, and Yu Shinan became a writer and a Bachelor of hongwenguan. At that time, Yu Shinan was old and asked to resign. The Emperor Taizong issued an imperial edict not to allow him to be promoted to the right son of the prince. Yu Shinan resolutely refused and was granted the post of secretary.

In 631, he participated in the compilation of Qunshu Zhengyao.

In July of the sixth year of Zhenguan (632), Yu Shinan submitted an article entitled "on saints and virtues". Taizong issued an imperial edict to Yu Shinan, saying: "your evaluation is too high. How dare I compare with the ancient emperors? I'm just a little better than the modern ones. However, you just see the beginning and don't know the end. If I can really make a good beginning and a good ending, then your high theory can be passed on to later generations; otherwise, I'm afraid it will only become a laughing stock of later generations! "

In the seventh year of Zhenguan (633), Yu Shiji was transferred to the post of Secretary Supervisor and granted the title of Yongxing County son. Taizong valued his erudition and often called Shinan together to talk about classics and history when dealing with military and political affairs. Although Yu Shinan was timid and weak, he had a strong disposition. He had gained and lost in power and dared to admonish him. Taizong once said to his courtiers, "I have made a mistake in discussing ancient and modern political affairs with Shinan in my spare time. I feel sad and annoyed. He is so sincere that I can use him well. All the officials are like Shinan. The world worries about what can't be governed. "

In 634, Yu Shinan was granted the title of Duke of Yongxing County. In the same year, Longyou landslide, snake appeared many times, Shandong and Jianghuai were flooded many times. Taizong asked, "Heaven changes.". Taking all the landslides since the Jin Dynasty as an example, Yu Shinan took the opportunity to admonish Taizong to follow the moral principles, and hoped that Taizong would not be complacent because of his high achievements, nor proud and lax because of his long-standing peace. Taizong after listening to introspection, think that this statement has a wake-up effect on themselves. In April of the same year, Emperor Kang offered the lion to Emperor Taizong and ordered Yu Shinan to write a poem for it.

In the ninth year of Zhenguan (635), Emperor Li Yuan died. Yu Shinan repeatedly dissuaded Emperor Taizong from building mausoleums and burials, which made Emperor Taizong somewhat restrained. He also sternly dissuaded Taizong not to indulge in hunting and neglect political affairs. All these played a positive role in the "Zhenguan rule" at that time.

Deeply remembered

In the 12th year of Zhenguan (638), Yu Shinan applied for resignation again. With the permission of Taizong's imperial edict, he was still granted the title of Yinqing Guanglu doctor and hongwenguan bachelor.

On May 25 (July 11) of the same year, Yu Shinan died in Chang'an at the age of 81. After hearing the news, Taizong mourned for him in other places, and issued an edict to Li Tai, king of Wei, saying: "Yu Shinan is loyal to me, picks up the remains and mends the deficiencies, and forgets them all the time. In fact, he is a well-known official of the present age and has a good relationship. If I have a small mistake, I will make a direct admonition. Now that I am dead, there is no one in the imperial court. " He was given a secret instrument in Dongyuan, buried with Zhaoling, and presented as a gift to the Minister of the Ministry, with the posthumous title of Wenyi.

On February 28, the 17th year of Zhenguan (643), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Yan Liben to draw twenty-four meritorious figures in Lingyan Pavilion, all life size, among which Yu Shinan ranked 20th.

On June 1, the 14th year of Dali (779), Emperor Zong of Tang Dynasty assessed the former dynasty's meritorious officials. Yu Shinan and other 11 people were rated as the second class.

In the first year of Jianzhong (780), Yu Shinan and other 34 people were regarded as meritorious officials by Tang Dezong.

Main impact

literature

Yu Shinan's articles are similar to Xu Ling's. He once advised Taizong not to be a palace style poem, but his poems, except for chanting cicadas and a few vigorous poems about Xingji and frontier fortress, were mostly for catering, serving and serving banquets, with beautiful diction and vague content.

Yu Shinan's representative works include Jieke young people's field trip, resentment song trip, Fu De linchi bamboo Yingzhi, cicada, Fenghe Yongfeng Yingwei Wang Jiao, and ChuSai (written by Yu Shiji). Among them, the last three chanting poems include bamboo, cicada and wind. They closely grasp the characteristics of the objects and depict quite vivid images. For example, the cicada poem writes cicada Yin and Lu Lu, and lives (Wu Tong) high. The sound is high and far away, rather than relying on the autumn wind. It implies that a gentleman should be as high as a cicada but distant from the sound of the cicada, so that he does not have to rely on or be restrained by it. It can be seen from his skill of depicting things and expressing his will. In the Qing Dynasty, Shen Deqian commented on the two poems "marching in the army", saying that the poem (cicada) "still has the physique of Chen and Sui dynasties, but pursues the fine police and gradually develops the style of Tang Dynasty".

Calligraphy

Yu Shinan's calligraphy inherits the tradition of the two kings (Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi). It is soft on the outside and hard on the inside. It is full of mellow and forceful style. Together with Ouyang Xun, Chu suiliang and Xue Ji, he was known as the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty.

Li Sizhen of the Tang Dynasty named his book "shangxiapin" in his book "shuhoupin". He commented: "Xiao is scattered and scattered, and the real grass is vital, such as Luo jijiaochun and he Hong playing in the marsh, so he should be above (Xiao) Ziyun". Shuduan listed its official script and running script as excellent works, saying that its script "got the macro rules of Daling (Wang Xianzhi), contained the five aspects of the right color, and showed its glory and bravery.". There are many beautiful mountains and dangerous peaks, especially when you are working. And its twilight teeth, to Qiu Yi.

"Shufu" said: "Yongxing (Yu Shinan) beyond, write like God, not down lax, no shame Shizhen." Xuanhe Shupu believes that his later official script was later than Wang Xizhi's, and then he discussed the relationship between Europe and Yu, saying: "Yu contains hardness and softness,

Chinese PinYin : Yu Shi Nan