Ye Qisun

Ye Qisun

Ye Qisun (1898-1977), male, known as Hongjun, was born in Shanghai. He was a physicist and educator. He was the founder of modern Chinese Physics and a great master of Chinese physics. He actively founded the Department of physics and the school of science of Tsinghua University and the special group of magnetism of Peking University, and founded the Institute of natural science history with Mr. Zhu Kezhen. He trained a large number of famous scientists and made outstanding contributions to China's higher education and science.

He graduated from Tsinghua University (today's Tsinghua University) in 1918 (the seventh year of the Republic of China). He received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Chicago in June 1920 (the ninth year of the Republic of China). He received a doctor's degree from Harvard University in June 1923 (the twelfth year of the Republic of China). He was elected a member of the Academia Sinica in 1948 (the thirty seventh year of the Republic of China). He was appointed a member of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955. He died on January 13, 1977 at the age of 79.

Ye Qisun devoted all his life to teaching and research. He was the first one to study magnetism in China. In his early years, he cooperated with W. Duane and H. H. Palmer to determine the value of Planck constant h, and created a correct method of high-pressure magnetization, increasing the pressure from more than 200 atmospheres to 12000 atmospheres. He founded the Department of physics of Tsinghua University and the special group of magnetism of Peking University.

Life of the characters

On July 16, 1898, ye Qisun was born into a scholarly family in Shanghai. Under the strict upbringing of Ye's father, ye Hongjun, a talented and intelligent man, made great progress and developed a refined temperament at a young age. Thanks to his father's enlightened thought, young ye Qisun began to come into contact with Western science and culture and application while studying traditional classics - "he attached importance to both style and self-cultivation, thinking that only by using western science to benefit the country and the people can he manage the country and level the world.".

In 1907, 9-year-old Ye Hongjun went to Shanghai Jingye school (now Shanghai Jingye middle school), which was presided over by his father.

From February to October in 1911, he entered Tsinghua University (the University Department was now Tsinghua University). At that time, Mr. Ye, who was under 13 years old, was one of the first students of Tsinghua School.

In the summer of 1913, Tsinghua School resumed enrollment in Shanghai. He changed his name to yeqisun and applied for admission again.

In 1918, ye Qisun was admitted as a student of Boxer Indemnity to study in the United States. He went to the Department of physics of the University of Chicago and entered the third year of University. He studied under the master of experimental physics, P.W. Bridgeman (who won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1946).

He received his Bachelor of Science Degree in June, 1920, and studied in Graduate School of Harvard University in September of the same year.

In 1921, ye Qisun and his tutors W. Duane and H. hpalmer jointly determined the Planck constant h = (6.556 ± 0.009)? 10-27 RGS, which has been used in physics for 16 years.

In 1923, he received his PhD from Harvard University. In October of the same year, he bid farewell to the American continent and returned home via Europe. In Europe, he traveled to Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, visited some places of interest, museums, art galleries and physics research institutes of some universities, and met his counterparts in physics circles in these countries.

In March 1924, he returned to Shanghai.

In August 1925, he was an associate professor of Tsinghua University.

From 1926 to 1933, professor and director of the Department of physics of Tsinghua University (now Tsinghua University).

In 1929, President of the National Tsinghua University, College of science. At the same time, he was elected as one of the seven judges (the highest deliberative body of the professors' Conference) who decided the University's major policy. On November 22, he published "the past, present and future of Chinese scientific circles" in Tsinghua University Journal, pointing out: "pure science and applied science should pay equal attention to both. The goal of pure science should focus on the cultivation of interest in research, while the goal of applied science should be clear and practical.

In 1933, he joined the Chinese Astronomical Society and was elected as its director.

On July 7, 1937, when he was teaching at Tsinghua University in Peking, ye Qisun immediately gave up the opportunity to visit abroad and shouldered the responsibility of rush transporting books and instruments. Xiong Dazhen, ye Qisun's student, also gave up the opportunity to go abroad for further study. He worked with his teacher and devoted himself to the Anti Japanese war.

In August 1945, he was the president of Southwest University. In November, it was decided by the Standing Committee of Southwest Associated University to temporarily act as a member of the Standing Committee of the University.

In 1948, he was elected academician of Academia Sinica.

In May 1949, with the unanimous support of Tsinghua scholars, ye Qisun was appointed chairman of Tsinghua University Council to perform the duties of president and preside over the affairs of Tsinghua University during the founding of new China. In September, he participated in the first Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference as a representative of the education sector and was elected a member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference.

In May 1950, he attended the National Conference on higher education. In August, he attended the meeting of representatives of natural science workers and was elected member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee and director of the Planning Committee of the all China Federation of Natural Science Societies (now China Association for science and Technology).

In 1955, he was elected member of the academic department and Standing Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1956, he participated in the discussion and formulation of the long-term development plan of science and technology in China, and presided over the compilation of the branch discipline plan of magnetism and the history of Natural Science in the basic scientific physics part of the 1956-1967 development plan of science and technology.

In June 1967, he was wrestled by the red guards of Peking University, imprisoned, raided his family, stopped paying wages and reformed through labor.

From April 1968 to November 1969, he was arrested and detained by the working group of the Central Military Commission. After his release, he was isolated and examined until 1975.

In 1968, he was formally arrested and detained. After more than a year of detention, he was sent back to Peking University because of "internal investigation and external investigation" without any evidence. He continued to be attacked and monitored under the name of "Mo Xu", a spy suspect.

In May 1972, Peking University made a conflict between ourselves and the enemy against ye Qisun. It came to the conclusion that ye Qisun was treated according to the contradictions among the people. It restored the professor's salary and 350 yuan per month, and allocated him a house with one room and one living room in Zhongguan garden of Peking University.

On January 13, 1977, ye Qisun died peacefully at the age of 79 because of ineffective rescue.

On January 19, 1977, the memorial service for ye Qisun was held in Babaoshan.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

In 1921, ye Qisun and his tutors W. Duane and H. hpalmer worked together to accurately determine the Planck constant h = (6.556 ± 0.009) Î 10-27 Erge seconds by X-ray, which has been used for 16 years in the field of physics. A. 1. Compton called it "the most reliable determination of Planck constant" in his famous book "X-ray in theoryand extreme" published in 1935, and ye Qisun's work was also recorded in e.r.cohen's "the fundamental constants of physics".

In 1920s, he and his collaborators made an accurate determination of Planck constant, which has been used for 16 years by the international physics community. The effect of hydraulic pressure on the permeability of the magnet was studied. The permeability of iron, nickel, cobalt and two kinds of steel were measured under 12000kg / cm2 pressure. The theoretical analysis is in good agreement with the experimental results. He founded the Department of physics of Tsinghua University and the special group of magnetism of Peking University. He is the pioneer and founder of contemporary physics in China. He has made important contributions to the cultivation of scientific talents and the development of China's education.

After the determination of Planck constant, under the guidance of Professor P.W. Bridgman, his tutor and later American Nobel Laureate in physics, who is well-known in the international physics field for his research in high-pressure physics, ye Qisun began to study the influence of high-pressure and high hydrostatic pressure on the magnetic conductivity of Fe Ni, reaching the international advanced level at that time As an important research work in ferromagnetism, it has attracted the attention of scientific circles all over the world. This work was completed in 1923. The research results were published in 1925 as his doctoral dissertation: "the effect of hydrological presure on the magnetie permeability of iron cobalt and nickel".

He is the author of "determination of Planck constant h", "influence of hydraulic pressure on permeability of iron, nickel and cobalt" and "elementary physics experiment".

personnel training

Mr. Ye Qisun has been the director of the Department of physics and Dean of the school of science of Tsinghua University for a long time. He wrote little about education in his whole life. However, as the main leader and planner, he participated in the establishment of the Department of physics and the school of science of Tsinghua University. His educational ideas can be seen from the running of the Department of physics and the school of science.

Ye Qisun devoted his whole life to the cause of education and Science in China. He has carried out teaching and scientific research activities in Tsinghua University for more than 20 years. He has cultivated a large number of excellent scientists with proper education methods for students. Among the more than 50 students who graduated from the ninth class before the Anti Japanese War, many outstanding scholars emerged, such as theoretical physicists Wang Zhuxi, Peng Huanwu, Zhang Zongsui and Hu Ning, nuclear physicists Wang Ganchang, Shi Shiyuan, Qian Sanqiang and he Zehui, and mechanics scholars Lin Jiaqiao and Qian Weichang,

Chinese PinYin : Ye Qi Sun