Empress Xiao

Xiao Chuo

Xiao Chuo (June 18, 953 - December 29, 1009), a small character Yan Yan, a Qidan nationality, was a politician, militarist and reformer of Liao Dynasty. During her Regency, Liao Dynasty entered the most prosperous period.

Xiao Chuo was the daughter of Xiao Siwen, an important Minister of the later family. In the first year of Baoning (969 AD), Liao Jingzong yeluxian succeeded to the throne and was elected as the imperial concubine. In May, he was appointed as the queen. Baoning three years (971), born Liao Sheng Zong yelulungxu. During the reign of emperor Jingzong of Liao Dynasty, Xiao Chuo took part in the military affairs.

In the fourth year of qianheng (982), yeluxian died, yelulungxu succeeded him and respected Xiao Chuo as empress dowager. Xiao Chuo began his 27 year Regency career. In the first year of Tonghe (983), yelulungxu led his officials to give Xiao Chuo the title of "Empress Dowager of Chengtian emperor".

During the reign of Xiao Chuo, he used Yelu Xiefu, Yelu Xiuge and Han derrang to repel the attack of the Song Dynasty on Xiejin (now Beijing) in the 4th year of Tonghe (986); in the 22nd year of Tonghe (1004), Xiao Chuo and Yelu Longxu fought against the Song Dynasty in the name of asking for Guannan, and formed an alliance with the Song Dynasty.

In the 24th year of Tonghe (1006), yelulungxu led his officials to give Xiao Chuo the honorary name of Ruide, a God who should carry out the mission of Chengtian emperor and Empress Dowager. In 1009, Xiao Chuo returned to yelulungxu. In December of the same year, he died in Xinggong. At the age of 57, he became empress Xuanxian. The next year, Qianling was buried. Chongxi 21 years (1052), posthumous wisdom (a wise knowledge).

Overview picture: Wang shenglie's "making Xiao Chuo's portrait" (1988 Chinese painting, 120x82) is in the collection of ancient wars in the Chinese people's Revolutionary Military Museum

Life of the characters

Early experience

Xiao Chuo was born on the fifth day of may in the third year of Yingli (June 18, 953). Xiao Chuo has been smart and quick since she was a child. She has a spirit of never giving up when she fails to achieve her goal in everything, and is no exception in some trivial matters. This kind of behavior has won the favor of her father Xiao Siwen. On one occasion, Xiao Chuo's sisters did housework together, and their work was over. Only she continued to wipe the furniture carefully and tidied it up. Xiao Siwen often praised her with praise: "this girl will be a great success."

Queen

On February 22 of the 19th year of Yingli (March 12, 969), yelujing, the emperor of Liao mu, took Xiao Siwen and other trusted ministers to go hunting in Heishan (now Ganggen Sumu border, Balinyouqi, Inner Mongolia). At night, the drunken yelujing is assassinated by his younger brother. Xiao Siwen, who was at yelujing's side at that time, blocked the news, and helped yeluxian, who had a close relationship with him, with Gao Xun, the Secretary of the South Council, and Feilong's maid Li. At dawn, yeluxian arrived in Heishan. Yeluxian wept bitterly in front of muzong's death. Xiao Siwen, Gao Xun, nu Li and others united to persuade him to succeed him.

After returning to the capital on the ninth day of March in the first year of Baoning (March 29, 969), Yelu Xianjin appointed Xiao Siwen as the Privy envoy of the North Council, and called Xiao Chuo into the palace as a concubine. On March 17 (April 6), Xiao Siwen was granted the title of Prime Minister of the northern government, and on the second day of may (May 20), Xiao Chuo was made queen. On the second day of November (December 13), Xiao Siwen was appointed king of Wei. Because yeluxian was ill, Xiao Chuo was in charge of the state affairs.

In May of the second year of Baoning (970), yeluxian went hunting in Lushan (today's Liaoning Fuxin), and Xiao Siwen was also with him. On May 13 (June 19), he was assassinated in Pandaoling (today's Liaoning Lushan). On the third day of September (October 5), it was found that Xiao Hai and his brother-in-law were the first evildoers. In the 10th year of Baoning (978), it was found out that Gao Xun and nu Li were also involved in the murder of Xiao Siwen, and they were all given death. Gao Xun's property was seized and compensated to the Xiao family.

On December 27, the third year of Baoning (January 16, 972), Prince yelulungxu was born. In order to appease Xiao Chuo and his descendants, Yelu Lugu, Xiao Chuo's mother, was named the eldest princess of Yan. On the first day of April in the fourth year of Baoning (May 16, 972), Xiao Siwen was granted the title of king of Chu. On the first day of March in the fifth year of Baoning (April 6, 973), Hu Muli, Xiao Chuo's grandfather, was granted the title of king of Han.

On the fifth day of February in the eighth year of Baoning (March 8, 976), yeluxian ordered a Bachelor of history to gather together. After that, he recorded the empress's words, "also known as" Zhen "and" Yu ", and" zhe is the fixed form ", which promoted his wife's status to the same level as himself. As time went on, with yeluxian's tacit consent, all the daily affairs of Liao were decided by Xiao Chuo independently. If there were any important military and national affairs, she would call together the ministers of the Han and the fan to discuss, and finally make a decision after synthesizing the opinions of all parties. At most, Liao Jingzong just listened to the notice and said that if she knew it, it would count and would not interfere. With Xiao Chuo's efforts, Liao's military became stronger and stronger, and its political and economic situation was on the right track.

On the first day of the first month of the spring in the second year of qianheng (January 21, 980), yeluxian appointed yelulungxu as king of Liang and yelulungqing as king of Heng.

Regent

On September 24, the fourth year of qianheng (October 13, 982), yeluxian, 35, died of illness in Jiaoshan palace in Yunzhou (today's Datong, Shanxi Province) on the way to hunting. On his deathbed, he left a posthumous edict to yelulungxu, king of Liang, to take over the throne and listen to the Queen's orders for military and state affairs. At the same time, Yelv xiezhen and Han Derang were appointed ministers to attend to their orders. On the 25th (October 14), yelulungxu succeeded to the throne at the age of 12. Xiao Chuo's first thought was the suspicion between the main and the minor. More than 200 princes of the imperial clan supported their troops and respected themselves. They were powerful and the situation was changeable. She wept in front of the ministers Yelv Xielu and Han de rang and said, "mother is widowed, son is weak, family is strong, frontier defense is not quiet, how can we?" The important ministers came forward to comfort and swore: "trust me, what's the worry?"

On the first day of October in the winter of the fourth year of qianheng (October 20, 982), yelulungxu came to the court for the first time. On the third day of junior high school, the officials honored the emperor Zhaosheng and the Empress Dowager. Xiao Chuo left brother Yelv Xiu in Nanjing (today's Beijing) to take charge of the southern military and strengthen the border defense. He appointed Yelv Xiefu, who married Xiao Chuo's niece, as the Privy envoy of the North Council to manage the internal affairs, especially the noble. At the same time, Xiao Chuo adopted the advice of Han de rang, the Privy Minister of the South Council, and issued an order to the prince of the imperial clan that "all the kings should return to the throne, and they should not privately visit Yan Hui", which made them lose their military power. At the same time, he called the relatives of each imperial clan to the palace as a pledge, which solved a big hidden worry of internal seizing the throne.

On the tenth day of June in the first year of Tonghe (July 22983), yelulungxu led his officials to honor the Empress Dowager as the Empress Dowager of Chengtian, while the other officials were the emperor. They were honored as emperor Tianfu, who granted amnesty to the whole world and changed the Yuan Dynasty to Tonghe. On the 23rd (August 4), civil and military officials were at the rank of Jin and Jue respectively. He appointed Yelv Xielu, the Deputy privy minister, as the governor. On August 11 (September 20), Yelu Longxu and Yelu Xielu exchanged bows, arrows and pommel horses in front of Xiao Chuo and made friends with each other.

Defeat the song army several times

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In the fourth year of Tonghe (986), he Lingtu, governor of Xiongzhou (now hebeixiong county) and his father-in-law, he huaipu, heard about empress Xiao's love affair. Together with Wen Si envoy Xue Jizhao and others, they proposed to Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi one after another that Liao Dynasty "the country's affairs were decided by its mother when it was young, and Han De, its great general, was favored by her, and the people were sick.". On March 4, Zhao Guangyi launched the "Northern Expedition of Yongxi" against Liao Dynasty. The soldiers of the Song Dynasty were divided into three groups: Cao Bin, the Jiedu envoy of Tianping army, was appointed as the army of Youzhou Daoxing camp, Cui Yanjin, the Jiedu envoy of Heyang three cities, MI Xin, the Jiedu envoy of Changhua army, and Du Yangui, the observation envoy of Shazhou army, as the deputy. They led the troops out of Xiongzhou (now hebeixiong county); the Jiedu envoy of Shiwei Bu army, the Jiedu envoy of Jingnan army, was appointed as the assistant Re into the road for the deployment of Dingzhou, the rate of troops out of the flying fox (now Hebei Yuxian). On February 13 (March 25), pan Mei, the chief inspector of the school and the governor of the Zhongwu army, was appointed as the capital of Yunzhou, Yingzhou and Shuo. Yang Ye, the observer of Yunzhou, was appointed as the deputy general and led his troops out of Yanmen. On the sixth day of March (April 17), Yelv Xiuge reported that song sent Cao Bin, Cui Yanjin and Mi Xin out of Xiongzhou Road, Tian Zhong in and out of Feihu Road, pan Mei and Yang Jiye out of Yanmen Road, qigou, Zhuozhou, Gu'an and Xincheng had fallen. On the seventh day of March (April 18), Xiao Chuo led Han Derang and yelulungxu to declare a personal expedition and cooperate with yeliuxiu. On March 19 (April 30), Xiao Chuo used Yelv Xiuge to resist Cao Bin's road in the East and Yang Ye's road in the West.

On the first day of April (May 12), Xiao Chuo and yelulungxu settled in the northern suburb of Nanjing (now Beijing). On the third day of may (June 12), Cao Bin's army was defeated in qigouguan. He cleaned up the defeated army and crossed Juma River overnight. There are countless drowning people in Song army. The rest of the troops fled to Gaoyang and were attacked by the Liao army. Tens of thousands of dead people were killed and abandoned weapons piled up like mountains. On the ninth day of July (August 17), Yelv Xiefu sent his ministers neridi and ganqinge to the imperial court to conquer Shuozhou and capture song General Yang Ye alive. When Yang Ye died of hunger strike, Xiao Chuo ordered that Yang Ye's head be cut off, put into a box and sent to all parts of the border. The morale of the Liao army was greatly boosted, while the Song Dynasty garrison was greatly hit. Without confronting the enemy, they had lost confidence and could not hold the land they had won. Liao successfully recovered all the territory.

On the fifth day of April in the fifth year of Tonghe (May 5, 987), Yelu Longxu led hundreds of officials to give the Empress Dowager the title of Ruide God. After the ceremony, the officials gave the emperor the title of Zhide guangxiaozhao shengtianfu emperor. On the sixth day of the lunar new year, an imperial edict was issued to order a division of the Department to play the top generals

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Tai Hou