Qiao Guanhua

Qiao Guanhua

Qiao Guanhua (March 28, 1913 - September 22, 1983), a native of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, studied in Germany in his early years and obtained his PhD. During the Anti Japanese War, he was mainly engaged in journalism and writing international reviews. Introduced by Liao Chengzhi and others, he joined the Communist Party of China in 1939; in the autumn of 1942, he went to Chongqing Xinhua daily to host the international column until the victory of the Anti Japanese war. At the beginning of 1946, Zhou Enlai went to Shanghai with him to participate in the work of the CPC delegation. At the end of the same year, he went to Hong Kong to serve as the president of the Hong Kong Branch of Xinhua news agency. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, he has successively served as deputy director of the foreign policy committee of the Ministry of foreign affairs, Assistant Minister of foreign affairs, Vice Minister of foreign affairs, Minister of foreign affairs, etc. After 1976, he served as a consultant to the Chinese people's Association for friendship with foreign countries.

Qiao Guanhua played an important role in the diplomatic activities of new China. He participated in the Korean Armistice negotiations in Panmunjom, attended the Geneva conference, and drafted the Sino US joint communique. In November 1971, Qiao Guanhua led a Chinese delegation to the conference hall of the United Nations for the first time, formally participated in the 26th session of the general assembly and delivered a speech at the conference, marking China's legitimate seat in the United Nations The recovery of the disease. At the beginning of the cultural revolution, Qiao Guanhua was listed as the "down" target of the Ministry of foreign affairs. In 1973, at the suggestion of Mao Zedong, Qiao Guanhua resumed his work. At the end of 1973, he participated in the criticism of Zhou Enlai initiated by the gang of four. Shortly after the fall of the gang of four, Qiao Guanhua was isolated and censored, and then returned to work as a consultant of the Chinese people's Association for friendship with foreign countries. He died at 10:40 am on September 22, 1983 at the age of 70. His main works include: International Commentary collection, from Munich to Dunkirk, etc.

Life of the characters

school time

On March 28, 1913, Qiao Guanhua was born in Dongqiao village, Yancheng County, Jiangsu Province (now Dongqiao village, Qingfeng town, Jianhu County, Jiangsu Province). His father was an enlightened gentry. He was a gifted young man with a reputation of being able to read through. In 1919, his father let him study in a private school, and his teacher was his uncle Qiao Shouqing. In 1925, he graduated from Yancheng No.2 primary school. After that, he went to Tinghu middle school in Songcun and huaiguan middle school in Yancheng. Due to his excellent academic performance, he skipped several classes in junior high school. In 1929, after graduating from high school, he was admitted to the Department of philosophy of Tsinghua University and became the youngest student in the University. He was only 16 years old when he went to Tsinghua University. His four years in Tsinghua University was the starting point of his later life.

Study abroad

In 1933, he continued to study philosophy at Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan, and took part in revolutionary activities. As his progressive activities were not allowed by Japanese reactionaries, he was soon deported. In 1935, Qiao Guanhua went to the University of Tubingen in Germany to study abroad. More than a year later, at the age of 23, he received his German Ph.D. with outstanding achievements. Qiao Guanhua was studying in Germany on the eve of the Second World War. The international situation was changing, and the situation was becoming increasingly tense. The imperialist countries were competing fiercely, and they were frantically expanding their troops to prepare for war. Qiao met Zhao Yijian, a friend of the 19th Route Army in Germany. They shared the same views on the international situation and shared the same ideals. They "did not do their proper work". They spent all their spare time in Europe to study military science, especially the three volume book on war by Clausewitz, a famous German military theorist. in addition to studying on war, the young Ph.D. opened his own new course when he was studying in Germany. He extensively studied the history of war and military geography in Europe, and repeatedly thought about the situation in Europe and the world map, which laid a solid foundation for him to write a large number of immersive and extraordinary international commentary articles in the future.

Returning to China for revolution

In 1937, the Japanese imperialists invaded China on a large scale and lost their territory. Qiao Guanhua gave up the idea of further study in the "pure academic" field of philosophy, crossed through Paris from Germany, and returned to Hong Kong on the French cruise ship "Xiafei" in 1938 to join the Anti Japanese national salvation movement. He first served as the general manager of the current affairs evening news sponsored by Yu hanmou of Hong Kong and began to publish political and international commentary articles. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1939, introduced by Liao Chengzhi. In 1940, he founded the China News Agency in Hong Kong as its president. In 1941, Qiao became the editorial board member of Hong Kong's "Chinese business daily" and "public life". In the spring of 1941, Qiao Guanhua and Zheng Senyu arrived in Singapore by ship from Hong Kong at the invitation of Hu Wenhu, an overseas Chinese. Qiao plans to be the chief writer of Xingdao Wenwei Po. Unexpectedly, at that time, the Secretary for home affairs of China and Britain refused Qiao and his party entry. After several negotiations, they were only allowed to land for 48 hours. Wen Wei Po's colleagues then had a banquet at Nantian restaurant in the evening. Qiao Guanhua, Yu Dafu and others attended and took a group photo. On December 18, 1941, the Japanese army landed in Hong Kong. Qiao Guanhua was ordered to leave Hong Kong and go to the Dongjiang guerrillas.

Chongqing period

In the autumn of 1942, Qiao Guanhua worked alone in Chongqing Xinhua Daily, served as the editor in chief of international news of Chongqing Xinhua Daily, and presided over the "international column". He was the chief editor of the people's weekly. During this period, Qiao Guanhua met Zhou Enlai for the first time and made a close friend with Li Haocheng, the surgical director of Chongqing citizen hospital and a doctor from Suzhou. In the spring of 1943, Qiao Guanhua ran into Hu Feng, who returned to Chongqing from Hong Kong. He asked Hu Feng to write an article in memory of Lu Xun in the masses, growing up with "a little heat and a little light". In the summer of 1943, Qiao Guanhua met with foreign journalists at Gong Pengzhi's invitation. During that time, he suffered from acute peritonitis. Li Hao risked being persecuted by Kuomintang agents to rescue Qiao Guanhua, who suffered from acute peritonitis due to intestinal perforation. At that time, Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu, Wang Ruofei and others visited him in the hospital many times. Gong Peng came to the hospital every day to accompany him and ignite love sparks. They married in September 1943. Chairman Mao called them "two birds of natural beauty, a thousand miles of marriage.". "Qiao zongzhun, the first child of Qiao Guanhua and Gong Peng, was born in the autumn of 1944

Shanghai and Hong Kong

In 1945, Qiao Guanhua continued to work in Chongqing as a member of the CPC delegation after the release of the "summary of the double ten talks" of Chongqing negotiations. In 1946, he went to Yan'an to report his work to Chairman Mao, and exchanged views on the current situation with Hu Qiaomu, forming a deep friendship. In May 1946, Qiao Guanhua and Gong Peng were resident in Shanghai. They were in charge of foreign affairs and newspapers, and served as chief editor of the People magazine. On October 19, 1946, on the eve of the breakup of the Republic of China talks, according to Zhou Enlai's decision, the couple left Shanghai for Hong Kong. Qiao was appointed president of the Hong Kong Branch of Xinhua news agency. In 1948, he published a review of literary creation and subjectivity in the popular literature and art series. On the new year's day of 1948, Hu Feng left Hong Kong. In September 1949, Qiao Guanhua led a convoy of Democrats from Hong Kong to Peiping.

Diplomatic career

On November 8, 1949, he attended the founding meeting of the Ministry of foreign affairs of new China. In October 1950, Qiao Guanhua, as a consultant, accompanied Wu Xiuquan, the special representative of the people's Republic of China, to attend the UN Security Council, accusing the United States of its armed aggression against Chinese territory Taiwan. At 22 o'clock on July 2, 1951, he drove from Beijing to Anton and left for Pyongyang (not to the Joint Secretary) in the evening of July 4. About the morning of July 4 or the evening of July 5, he could go to Kim Il Sung. Qiao Guanhua, as the main assistant, served as the main adviser to Li Kenong, head of the Chinese delegation, and participated in the Korean Armistice negotiations in Panmunjom. On April 20, 1954, he accompanied Premier Zhou Enlai to attend the Geneva Conference and arrived in Geneva on April 24, 1954 by special plane from Beijing via Moscow. In November 1954, he served as a member of the Party group of the Ministry of foreign affairs. After the Bandung meeting from April 18 to April 24, 1955, he was appointed Assistant Minister of foreign affairs. On July 25, 1955, he took up the post of deputy leader of the "Sino US talks steering group", and the achievements of the group will go back to Qian Xuesen. He made a report at the Central Party school on October 30, 1955. On March 9, 1958, according to Mao Zedong's sixty articles on working methods (Draft), a forum on "improving the writing of foreign affairs manuscripts" was held. In October 1961, he served as a consultant to the Chinese delegation and attended the second Geneva meeting with Chen Yi (the 14 countries discussed the Lao issue). In August 1962, he accompanied Foreign Minister Chen Yi to attend the second Geneva meeting. In November 1962, Premier Zhou Enlai sent a letter to the leaders of Asian and African countries on the border issue between China and India.

Witness history

On the afternoon of November 9, 1971, the Chinese delegation led by Qiao Guanhua left Beijing for New York by special plane to attend the 26th session of the UN General Assembly. At Beijing airport, the visiting Chinese delegation was seen off by Zhou Enlai, Ye Jianying and other party and government leaders as well as more than 4000 people in the capital. Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan went to the airport to see them off. At the airport, diplomatic envoys in Beijing and representatives of more than 60 countries, as well as the head of the Soviet government delegation participating in the Sino Soviet border talks, also saw off. On the morning of November 11, 1971, the delegation flew to New York. The next day, Qiao Guanhua called on Malik of Indonesia, President of the current session of the general assembly. A few days later, Qiao Guanhua went to ruwa hospital in New York to visit Wu Dan, then Secretary General of the United Nations, who was recuperating. He also called on representatives of 23 sponsors in succession. On November 15, 1971, at 10:30 a.m. U.S. time, President Malik called it a "historic moment", Qiao Guanhua said

Chinese PinYin : Qiao Guan Hua