Liu Kun

Liu Kun

Liu Kun (270 ~ June 22, 318) was born in Weichang, Zhongshan (Wuji County, Hebei Province). He was an outstanding statesman, litterateur, musician and militarist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was the son of Liu fan, a Guanglu doctor and after Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty.

Born in Zhongshan, Liu family. He was an important member of the 24 friends of Duke Lu. During the rebellion of the eight kings, he served for the kings, moved to the prefectures and appointed Marquis Guangwu. Yongjia rebellion, adhere to Jinyang nine years, resist the invasion of Han Zhao and Hou Zhao. When Jin min emperor ascended the throne, he worshipped Sikong, the general, the governor, and Jiyou. After Bingzhou was trapped by shile, he defected to Duan Piyuan, the governor of Youzhou, and was killed. Taixing three years (320 years), rehabilitate Zhaoxue, posthumous title for the Shi Zhong, Taiwei.

Liu Kun is good at literature and music, and his poems mostly describe frontier life. There are 9 volumes of Liu Kun Ji and 12 volumes of Bie Ji in Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi. In Ming Dynasty, Zhang Pu compiled the collection of Liu Zhongshan and included it in the collection of three hundred schools in Han, Wei and six dynasties.

Life of the characters

Early life

Liu Kun is a descendant of Liu Sheng, king of Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty. His grandfather, Liu Mai, once served in the army of the prime minister. His father, Liu fan, was an official to Guanglu.

Liu kungong is famous for his poems and Fu. Jia MI, the nephew of the Empress Dowager Jia, was in power. A group of literati from the noble family gathered around him. They sang to each other and called each other "24 friends", while Liu Kun and his brothers were among them.

In the fifth year of Yuankang (295) of the Western Jin Dynasty, Liu Kun, 26 years old, was appointed as the commander of Sili school. Later, Sima Taipi, the king of Gaomi, became a member of Zhuolang, Taixue doctor and shangshulang.

The rebellion of the eight kings

In the first year of Yongkang (300 years), simalun, king of Zhao, was in power. He took Liu Kun as the governor of the office, and then changed to Zhonglang. In the first year of Yongning (301), Sima Lun became emperor. Liu Kun was appointed Prince Zhan Shi and assisted Sima Yin. Sima Yu, king of Qi, Sima Ying, king of Chengdu, and Sima Yu, king of Hejian, jointly attacked Sima Lun. Liu Kun was appointed as the champion general and fajie by Sima Lun, and led 30000 troops with sun Hui to resist Sima Ying. As a result, he was defeated in Huangqiao. After Sima Fen assisted the administration, Liu Kun was appointed as the minister Zuo Cheng and situ Zuoshi because he was born in a famous family. In 302 (the first year of Tai'an), Sima Fu was defeated. Sima Fu, the king of Fan Yang, guarded Xu Chang and recommended Liu Kun as Sima.

In the first year of Yongxing (304), Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty was forced by Zhang Fang to move his capital to Chang'an. The next year, Liu Qiao attacked Sima Heng, but Liu Kun couldn't help him. His parents were captured. In 306 (the first year of Guangxi), Liu Kun obtained 800 cavalry from Wang Jun, the governor of Youzhou, defeated Sima Mao, the king of Dongping, defeated Liu Qiao, rescued his parents, killed Shi Chao, the general under Sima Ying, and surrendered LV Lang, the general of Xingyang. In the same year, Sima Yue rescued emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty to Luoyang, and Liu Kun was granted the title of Marquis of Guangwu for his meritorious service.

Out of town and in Binzhou

In September of the first year of Guangxi (306), Sima Yue, in order to expand his power, appointed Liu Kun as governor of Bingzhou, general jiazhenwei and general Zhonglang of Xiongnu. Liu Kun led more than 1000 people to leave Luoyang, the capital, and arrived in Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi Province) in the spring of 307 (the first year of Yuanjia). At that time, Jinyang experienced war and became an empty city. Liu Kun appeased the refugees, developed production and strengthened defense under the environment of strong left and right enemies. In less than a year, Jinyang regained its vitality and became one of the few remaining resistance forces in the Central Plains.

At that time, Jinyang was a powerful Hun Han state in the south, a rising Xianbei Dynasty in the north, and Youzhou governor Wang Jun, who was allied with duanbu Xianbei in the East. Liu Kun and Tuoba Yilu, the leader of Tuoba Xianbei, became brothers, and fought with former General Zhao shile.

Xu run, a native of Henan Province, was highly valued by Liu Kun for his mastery of temperament, but he was incompetent and domineering. Fenwei general orders Husheng to ask Liu Kun to get rid of Xu run, but he is falsely killed by Xu run, resulting in the rebellion of his son linghuni and others. Liu Kun attracted many volunteers to fight against Xiongnu and Jieren, but his political and military talents also made many people leave.

In the first year of Jianxing (313 years), Emperor Zhen of Jin Dynasty succeeded to the throne, granted Liu Kun the great general, the governor and other military affairs of the state, and added the free riding, constant service and holiday festivals. In the third year of Jianxing (315), Liu Kun was granted the title of Sikong and Dudu by the emperor of Jin Dynasty, and the military affairs of Jiyou. Liu Kun resigned from Sikong and accepted the post of governor. Liu Dan Tuo Ba and his son Liu pingkun died as hostages.

Attached segment

In the fourth year of Jianxing (316), shile sent troops to attack Bingzhou. Liu Kun did not listen to Ji Dan's dissuasion, but lost Bingzhou. He went to Youzhou governor, Zuoxian king of Xianbei in western Liaoning, and Duan pidui, the general of Fujun, and became a brother with him. In the same year, Liu Yao conquered Chang'an, Emperor Jin was captured, and the Western Jin Dynasty perished. Liu Kun ordered Long Shi Wenqiao to persuade Sima Rui to advance. After Sima Rui became emperor, Liu Kun was granted the title of "Shi Zhong" and "Tai Wei". The other official titles remained unchanged, and he was given a famous sword.

In the first year of Jianwu (317), Duan Piyuan took Liu Kun as the governor and led the army to attack shile. As a result, Duan meibei, cousin of Duan Piyuan, accepted Shiller's bribe and refused to March. Liu Kun had to withdraw because of his weakness.

Die unjustly

In the first year of Taixing (318), Duan's Xianbei fought against Duan in the end of the cup. Duan defeated Duan and captured Liu Kun's son Liu Qun. Liu Qun got the favor of Duan Mo cup, so he wrote a secret letter to Liu Kun, inviting him to attack Duan PI Li. Unexpectedly, the secret letter was intercepted by Duan PI Li. Although Duan believed in Liu Kun, he eventually put him in prison.

Liu kunsu was famous. During his detention, people from far and near were indignant. Bilusung, the prefect of Daijun County, and Liu Kun's subordinates attempted to rebel against Duan pili and rescue Liu Kun, but they failed because of divulging the secret. Wang Dun, a powerful official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, sent someone to tell Duan pidui to kill Liu Kun. When Liu Kun heard of Wang Dun's envoy, he said to his son Liu Zun, "ChuZhong (Wang Dun's envoy) is killing me if he doesn't sue me. Life and death have a destiny, but hate, hate, shame and no snow.

On the eighth day of May of the same year, Duan pidui claimed to have hanged Liu Kun by the emperor's edict, and his four nephews were killed at the same time. Liu Kun was 48 years old. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Duan pidui was powerful and relied on him to attack shile, so he did not pay tribute to Liu Kun. After Liu Kun's death, his son Liu Qun, his nephew Lu Chen and his nephew Cui Yue went to Duan meibei in western Liaoning Province, while his subordinates Zuo Dadu went to shile.

In the third year of Taixing (320), Liu Kun was engaged in Zhonglang, Lu Chen, Cui Yue, etc. the upper court pleaded for Liu Kun, and Wen Qiao, the son of the crown prince, also seconded. The emperor of Jin and Yuan gave Liu Kun the title of Shi Zhong and Tai Wei.

Anecdotes and allusions

rise up upon hearing the crow of a rooster and practise with the sword

When Liu Kun and Zu Ti served as the governor of Sizhou together, they had deep feelings. They not only often slept in the same bed, but also had the lofty ideal of making contributions and becoming pillars. Once in the middle of the night, zuti heard a rooster crow and woke up Liu Kun, saying, "this is not a bad sound." It means that God is encouraging us to make progress, so we went outside with Liu Kun to dance swords and practice martial arts.

To beat back the enemy

Liu Kun is good at blowing Hu Jia. Tens of thousands of Hun soldiers besieged Jinyang. If Liu Kun fought hard with the enemy, he would be defeated and the city would be destroyed. So he kept a tight defense and asked for reinforcements at the same time. Seven days later, before the reinforcements arrived, the food and grass in the city were poor, and the soldiers were terrified. Liu Kun boarded the tower, overlooking the enemy camp outside the city, pondering over the countermeasures. Suddenly, he remembered the story of "besieged on all sides", so he ordered all the sergeants who could blow curly leaves to report to the account, and soon formed a band of Hujia, blowing "five lanes of Hujia" towards the enemy camp. They were sad and sad, and the Hun soldiers were agitated. In the middle of the night, when the music was played again, the Hun soldiers missed their hometown and came back in tears.

Huan Wen's narcissism

The great Sima Huanwen, who thinks he is magnificent, is a figure like Sima Yi and Liu Kun, but he is compared to the great general Wang Dun, so he is very unhappy. Huanwen returned from the northern expedition with an old maid. This old maid used to be Liu Kun's family skill. As soon as the old maid saw Huan Wen, she burst into tears and said, "the Duke is like Liu Sikong." Huan Wen is very happy. Where does the whole crown look like? The old maid replied, "the face is very similar, hating thin; the eyes are very similar, hating small; the beard is very similar, hating red; the shape is very similar, hating short; the voice is very similar, hating female." Huan Wen was disappointed and depressed for several days.

Cultural attainments

music

Liu Kun is proficient in music, and created "Wu Nong of Hu Jia" (including five Qin songs of Denglong, Wangqin, zhuyinfeng, AI Songlu and Bei hanyue). He added the tones of northern nomads into the traditional Qin music, described the scenes of war in the north, and expressed his homesickness and patriotism.

Once upon a time, before Zhao Xiongnu besieged Jinyang, Liu Kun ascended the city and played Hujia again in the middle of the night. When the Xiongnu heard this, they were homesick and shed tears. The general saw that the soldiers had no intention to fight again and left.

poems

Liu Kun's poems are full of sympathy for the refugees in the war and determination to resist the enemy. His representative work is again to Lu Chen. In the first half of the poem, the allusions of Jiang Shang, Guan Zhong, Chen Ping and Deng Yu are quoted to express their loyalty to the Jin Dynasty; in the second half of the poem, the author describes his feelings of failure to achieve his ambition: "what do you mean to practice hard and turn it into a soft one."

Liu Kun's poems handed down from generation to generation include: Fu Feng Ge, the 15th year of Hu Ji's reign, a reply to Lu Chen's poems, and a gift to Lu Chen again.

Handed down Edition

Jin Liu Yue Shi Ji I, Liu Yue Shi Ji, Liu Kun, Liu Kun

Historical evaluation

In the book of Jin, Liu Kun and Zu Ti were listed in the same biography, and gave a very pertinent evaluation

Liu Kun is good at caressing, but short of controlling. In a day, though thousands of people return, those who go are also in succession. However, she is extravagant and lustful. Although she is self correcting for the time being, she tends to indulge.

Liu Kun is less ambitious, has the ability of vertical and horizontal, and is good at making friends and winning

Chinese PinYin : Liu Kun