Chen Tingjing

Chen Tingjing

Chen Tingjing (December 31, 1638 - May 23, 1712) was born in zhongdaozhuang, Yangcheng County, Zezhou prefecture (now Huangcheng village, Beiliu Town, Yangcheng County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province). Prime ministers and scholars in Qing Dynasty.

In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658), he passed the imperial examination and was selected as a rare and auspicious scholar. He was granted a secretary to review the academy and taught Emperor Kangxi. In the 14th year of Kangxi (1675), he was promoted to a Bachelor of cabinet, an official of Jingyan, a minister of rites, and successively served as the censor of zuodou and the second minister of Gonghu. In 1703, he became the chief reviser of Kangxi dictionary. Kangxi 51 years in April, died of illness, at the age of 75, posthumous title Wenzhen.

Chen Tingjing works in poetry and prose with profound knowledge and elegant words. He has written 50 volumes of Wu Ting Wen Bian, which is included in Si Ku Quan Shu, including 20 volumes of poetry and three volumes of Wu Ting Shan Ren Ji II. The wutingshan village built by Chen Tingjing in his hometown has been preserved to this day.

Life of the characters

Chen Tingjing was born on November 27, 1638, in zhongdaozhuang, Yangcheng County, Zezhou Prefecture, Shanxi Province (now Huangcheng village, Beiliu Town, Yangcheng County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province).

In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658) of the Qing Dynasty, Jinshi, who was elected to be a good scholar, was granted a review. In order to distinguish himself from Chen Jing of Shuntian Tongzhou, the same museum, Emperor Shunzhi granted the name Tingjing.

In the first month of the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661), Emperor Kangxi ascended the throne and granted him the official of daily life annotation, the Bachelor of Imperial Academy, the master of Imperial Academy, and the teacher of Hongde hall.

In the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), he was transferred to a bachelor's degree and served as a deputy examiner of martial arts examination.

In 1676, he was promoted to a Bachelor of cabinet and served as a lecturer of Jingyan.

Kangxi twenty-one years (1682), full will test Deputy examiner. Yu Guozhu, the vice governor of the time, was pacified to the south of Yunnan. Please determine the movement. At the meeting of the Ministry of rites and the Imperial Academy, the Jiaotan ancestral temple still followed the first year of Shunzhi, and the court meeting should be changed. Chen Tingjing wrote 14 chapters to study.

In the 23rd year of Kangxi reign (1684), he was granted the imperial censor of zuodu, who was also in charge of the money law of the household department. The imperial court was ordered to accept the system, and extravagance was forbidden. Careful selection of governors should be based on the principle of caring for the people, being diligent and honest. The local government should strictly make public the accounts of money and grain for disaster relief, and put an end to corrupt officials' encroachment on the people.

On the 24th day of the first month of the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), Chen Tingjing wrote the book "the detailed rules and regulations for persuading honesty and eliminating malpractices", which pointed out: "those who are corrupt are the key to governance; those who are extravagant and thrifty are the root of corruption. If you want to be honest, you should be frugal first. " That is to say, luxury leads to corruption, and frugality leads to honesty.

In the same year, Wang Jiwen was impeached in the book of rectifying Shenshu according to the fact that his officials were underpaid. He thought that he didn't need to donate grain and grass in wartime, but he used the Bank of the Treasury. After the victory of the army, he paid the grain and rice to the provincial officials. The difference between the former and the latter was as much as 90000 taels. On the first day of the Spring Festival, Wang Jiwen dismissed his official post. According to historical records, "discipline and clean-up" has been carried out since then.

In September 1686, Kangxi moved to minister of the Ministry of industry and played with his bachelor, Xu Qianxue, in the collection of ancient books, which was accepted by Kangxi as a senior minister. Fengzhao was appointed to compile books such as sanchaoshengxun, zhengzhengxun Dian, Fanglue, yitongzhi of the Qing Dynasty, and Mingshi.

In December 1687, when Zhang Wei was the governor of Huguang, Shanxi Taoist censor Chen Zizhi impeached him. Zhang Yushu, Minister of the Ministry of war, took the opportunity to impeach Chen Tingjing, who was related to Zhang.

In April of the 27th year of Kangxi (1688), Zhang Wei was arrested for "embezzling more than 90000 liang of silver". Chen Tingjing expressed his gratitude to Emperor Kangxi and asked him to go home to be filial.

In September 1689, Gao Shiqi impeached Xu Qianxue. Emperor Kangxi was well aware of Xu Qianxue and Gao Shiqi's swagger, so he sent Xu and Gao out of Beijing. In February of the next year, shortly after Xu and Gao were forced to leave Beijing, Chen Tingjing was appointed as the censor of zuodu.

In the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703), Chen Tingjing was worshipped as the great scholar of wenyuange and the Minister of the Ministry of officials, and was on duty to give lectures. There are Sanli Zhiyao, laolaolaozhang's travel notes, Wuting Wenbian, chenshuoyan poetry, etc.

In April of 1705, Emperor Kangxi made his fifth tour to the South and called Jiangnan scholars to test in Hangzhou, Suzhou and Jiangning. Chen Tingjing, Zhang Yushu, a Bachelor of Arts, and Premier Xu, a master of the Academy, were ordered to review the papers.

In 1710, the imperial court took Chen Tingjing as the chief executive officer and began to compile Kangxi dictionary with more than 30 famous scholars. In November of the same year, Chen Tingjing begged for leave with ear disease, and the emperor agreed.

In May of the next year, Zhang Yushu, a bachelor, died, and Li Guangdi was still ill. Chen Tingjing was ordered to work directly.

In March of 1712, Emperor Kangxi ordered Chen Tingjing to be treated in the imperial hospital. He died on April 19. Emperor Kangxi personally wrote elegy to mourn him, posthumous Wenzhen.

Character achievement

Literary achievements

Chen Tingjing wrote many books in his life. Among them, his personal poems and anthologies mainly include: Wu Ting Wen Bian, he Shang Ji, Shen Ye Shi Xuan, Shuo Yan Shi Ji, Shan Li Zhi Yao, Wu Ting GUI Qu Ji, etc;. Chen Tingjing has presided over the compilation of historical records of national classics for many times, mainly including shizuzhang emperor's record, taizongwen emperor's record, Jiangu collection, sanchaoshengxun, zhengzhengdianxun, strategies for calming sanni, unified records of the Qing Dynasty, peiwenyunfu, Fangyu journey, Kangxi dictionary, etc. Among them, Kangxi dictionary is a far-reaching Chinese character dictionary compiled by more than 30 famous scholars, such as Zhang Yushu and Chen Tingjing, according to the Emperor Kangxi's edict. It is based on the two books of the Ming Dynasty, namely, Zihui and zhengzitong. The compilation of the book began in 1710, the 49th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, and was completed in 1716, the 55th year of Emperor Kangxi, which lasted for six years. Therefore, the book is called Kangxi dictionary. The dictionary adopts radical classification and arranges the words according to strokes. The dictionary is divided into 12 volumes, marked by 12 local branches. Each volume is divided into three volumes: upper, middle and lower. The list of finals and their corresponding Chinese characters are arranged according to finals, tones and syllables. A total of 47035 Chinese characters are included, which is one of the main references for the study of Chinese characters.

Chen Tingjing wrote a lot of poems in his life. Emperor Kangxi was one of the emperors who knew and were good at poetry. He appreciated Chen Tingjing's poems from the perspective of a poet. Chen Tingjing, a scholar of the University of Nei, wrote poems of various styles in the book of the emperor Wenying. It is elegant and mellow, which can not be seen by the beginners of collecting words and sentences. The title of the poem itself praises Chen's poems. The poem even says that "Qingxin gives Zihao" and "Li Du Ben is a great poet". After the death of Chen Tingjing, Kangxi wrote the elegy of Chen Tingjing, a great scholar. He still remembers Chen's "heavy handed poetry". It can be seen that Chen Tingjing's achievements in poetry and Fu were indeed appreciated by Kangxi. In 1667, when he was in the capital, he organized a poetry club with Gong Dingzi, the Minister of rites and a famous poet. The participants were Wang Shizhen, Wang Wan, Cheng Keze and other famous scholars.

Liu Ran's Guochao Shicheng selected 29 poems by Chen Tingjing and commented: "the poems of Taige are for social intercourse. Although they are extravagant and have nothing in them, they have no knowledge in their hearts." In addition to being profound and magnificent, Mr. Zhang's articles contain a sense of satire. Long sentences and phrases are all right. The relationship between heaven and man, the relationship between the Lord and the minister, is incisive and eloquent. To be loyal, filial, flat and depressed, to store the extreme and flow, we can't stop it. Poetry is written for the purpose of doing something! "

Political achievements

Chen Tingjing lived in the Kangxi period, and successively worked in the Ministry of rites, the Ministry of officials, the Ministry of household, the Ministry of punishment and other important departments. He had long served as a scholar and lecturer, and even a Bachelor of wenyuange.

Coin reform

During the period when he was in charge of the household department, Chen Tingjing combed up the accumulated disadvantages and cleared up the money law. He found that at that time, some unscrupulous merchants destroyed money and cast copper one after another, which reduced the quantity and quality of money making day by day, and threatened the country's financial cornerstone. So he proposed to change the emphasis of money making to light, and stop collecting taxes on copper mining, so as to increase the source of copper and put an end to the phenomenon of destroying money and casting copper. This move is undoubtedly conducive to maintaining the stability of the currency system.

Combating corruption

At that time, many officials in the Qing court were corrupt, and the corruption was very serious. Chen Tingjing deeply hates it. He told the court in the first month of the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), "corruption and honesty are the key to being a qualified official. However, extravagance and thrift are the root of corruption. In order to make officials clean, we must first make them develop the quality of thrift. In ancient times, everything from clothes, chariots and horses to clothes and utensils to wedding and funerals had to be "too cheap to be expensive, too small to be enlarged.". Nowadays, as the trend of extravagance is not eliminated, the poor are ridiculed for their frugality, while the rich are extravagant without any objection. As a result, it has become a common practice for people to compete for luxury. As a result, there are more and more cases of corruption and profit seeking, and more and more crimes against the law He pointed out to the point: "love is still lust in the heart, just like water lost dike and don't know where to stop."

Emperor Kangxi agreed with Chen Tingjing's Shangshu, pointing out that in the future, "we must return to simplicity, follow the rule of law, be pragmatic, and advocate thrift.".

The reform of Official Administration

In order to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty, Chen Tingjing also said: "the duty of the governor is to inspect and guide the officials. Only in this way can the people settle down for a long time. It is not enough for the officials to only observe the directors and perform their duties. Confucius once said: if you can't teach, the people are not to blame. To keep the people from breaking the rules, it is better to teach them first. To teach, we must first examine the governor and the governor. In this way, the governor may say: "the problem lies in the officials

Chinese PinYin : Chen Ting Jing