Wang Dao

Wang Dao

Wang Dao (276-339) was born in Linyi County, Langya county (now Linyi City, Shandong Province). Yuanjin statesman, the son of Sima Shuxun, the founder of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Born in "Langya Wang family", Xifeng is the son of Qiu county. With the help of menyin, he started Sikong (Liu Shi) Dongge to offer wine, and moved to Donghai King (simayue) to join the army. He made friends with Sima Rui, the king of Langya, and moved to Jianye with him to contact the southern gentry and pacify the Nandu gentry. After the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was canonized as the Marquis of Wugang county with the help of the general of Hushi and the three divisions of Kaifu. He was promoted to the position of Shizhong, Sikong Gong, Lushang Shushi and Zhongshu supervisor, forming a pattern of "king and horse sharing the world". During the "Wang Dun rebellion", he opposed the abolition of the Jin Yuan emperor, supported the establishment of the Jin Ming emperor, promoted the Taibao and situ, and canonized the Duke of Shixing County. After the death of emperor Jin and Ming, he united with his relatives Yu Liang to oppose the recruitment of Su Jun to Beijing. After the "Su Jun rebellion" was calmed down, he made every effort to stabilize the situation and continued to be in power together with Taiwei Xi Jian. In the fifth year of Xiankang (September 7, 339), he died of illness at the age of 64. His posthumous title was "document". According to the story of Huo Guang and Sima Fu, his funeral was the most famous official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Wang Dao is good at calligraphy, and cursive is the best. Learning the methods of Zhong Yao and Wei Yu, they are of their own style and have a great reputation. Their cursive works "shengshitie" and "gaishuo tie" are handed down from generation to generation.

Overview image source:

Life of the characters

Early and famous

Wang Dao was born in the Wang family of Langya, a famous family in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. He was the grandson of Wang Lan, a Guanglu official in the Western Jin Dynasty. His father was Wang Cai, who was an official of the Town Army General Sima.

When he was young, Wang Dao was elegant, insightful and profound. At the age of 14, Mr. Zhang, a senior scholar of Chen Liu, was very surprised when he saw him. He said to his subordinate brother Wang Dun, "this child's appearance and bearing is the talent of generals."

Wang Dao first inherited the title of his grandfather Wang Lan, namely Qiu Zi. Later, he was appointed by Sikong Liushi as Dongge sacrificial wine, Secretary Lang, Prince Sheren and Shangshu Lang, but he did not take office. Later, he was called to join the army by Sima yuebi, king of Donghai.

Help to build the Eastern Jin Dynasty

Help Langya

Sima Rui, the king of Langya (later the emperor of Jin and Yuan Dynasty), and Wang Dao were always friendly. Wang Dao knew that the world had begun to turmoil, so he wholeheartedly assisted Sima Rui and secretly set up the will to revive the imperial platform. Sima Rui also trusted and valued him, and they were close friends. When Sima Rui was still in Luoyang, Wang Dao always advised him to return to the vassal state as soon as possible.

In the second year of Yongxing (305), Sima Rui went out of xiapi town and soon moved to general Anton. He asked Wang Dao to be general Anton's Sima. His military plans were all subject to his arrangement.

In the first year of Yongjia (307), Sima Rui followed Wang's advice and went out of town to build his own business (later changed to Jiankang, now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Director Wang accompanied him to the south. After the extermination of Wu in the Western Jin Dynasty, the southern gentry was excluded, and it was difficult to enter the official career, of course, they were not satisfied. Wang Dao wanted to establish the Eastern Jin Dynasty with the northern gentry as the backbone in the former Sunwu, so it became an extremely important affair to contact the southern gentry. Wang Dao advised Sima Rui: "Gu Rong and he Xun are the most famous people here. They should make friends with each other to win the hearts of the people. When they come, there will be no one who will not come." Sima Rui sent Wang Dao to visit He Xun and Gu Rong in person, and both of them came. From this, the people of Wu place hope that the wind is smooth and the people return to their hearts. From then on, they depended on each other, and the title of monarch and minister was established.

Stabilizing the regime

In 311, the Han generals Liu Yao and Wang Mi conquered Luoyang, captured emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty, and killed more than 30000 people under the princes. Six or seven out of ten people from the Central Plains took refuge in the south of the Yangtze River. Wang Daoquan advised Sima Rui to take advantage of the opportunity to recruit wise men and gentlemen and expand his strength to achieve great things.

At that time, Jingzhou and Yangzi were relatively stable, with a large population and abundant products. Wang Dao's policy of governance was quiet and quiet. He often advised Sima Rui to set an example and make great efforts to help the monarch to pacify the state. Therefore, they were more and more valued by Sima Rui, and their feelings became deeper and deeper. They fell in love with him in both the government and the public, and called Wang Dao "Zhongfu". Sima Rui once said to Wang Dao, "you are my Xiao He!" Wang Dao replied: "in the past, there was no way in the Qin Dynasty. The common people in the world hated the troubled times, and the extremely cunning people bullied and trampled on the people. People felt the kindness of Liu Bang, the king of the Han Dynasty, and responded to the anti Qin movement, so the great success was easy to achieve. Since the establishment of the Cao Wei Dynasty, until the Taikang period of the Jin Dynasty, the aristocratic officials and the aristocratic families, who were extravagant and extravagant, compared with each other. The government and religion of the sages gradually declined. No one followed the rule of the first dynasty, and the big and small officials indulged in pleasure. Only in this way did the crafty and sycophantic people have opportunities to take advantage of and lead to the loss of the imperial road. However, after chaos, there will be stability, which is the law between heaven and earth. The king is going to build a great achievement and unify the mountains and rivers again. Talents like Guan Zhong and Yue Yi will appear at this time, which is not comparable to our ordinary ministers. I hope that the king can be far sighted and select talents. Gu Rong, he Xun, Ji Zhan and Zhou Li are all famous people in the south. I hope the king will treat them respectfully and favorably, and the world will be safe. " Sima Rui adopted the advice of Wang Dao, and gradually won the common support of the northern and southern scholars. When he first arrived in Jiangdong, Huan Yi, a scholar from Nandu, was worried about Sima Rui's weak influence. He said to Zhou Yi, a famous scholar: "I want to find a place to settle down in Jiangnan because there are so many central plains. Unexpectedly, the imperial court is so weak. What can I do?" After Wang Dao talked about the situation with him, his attitude changed: "I saw Guan Zhong from Jiangzuo, and I don't worry any more."

In the last years of Yongjia (307-313), Wang Daoqian was appointed the prefect of Danyang and the general of Jiafu. Wang daoshang exhorted Sima Rui not to easily give his subordinates such things as drums and caps, so as to make a difference between the noble and the humble. Sima Rui ordered Wang Dao to be praised as general Ningyuan, and soon added general Zhenwei.

In the first year of Jianxing (313), Sima ye, the emperor of Jin Dynasty, ascended the throne and enlisted Wang Dao as the Minister of Li, but he did not enter the court.

In the first year of Jianwu (317), Sima Rui appointed Wang Dao as the Prime Minister of the Jin Dynasty. Soon after that, he paid homage to the right general, the governor of Yangzhou, and supervised the Jiangnan military. He also moved to the general of Hushi, and served as a general of Sanqi, commander in chief of the Chinese and foreign armies, commander in chief of Zhongshu, and commander in chief of Shangshu. Seeing that Wang Dun was in charge of the six prefectures, Wang Dao resolutely resigned his post as governor of the Chinese and foreign armies. Later, because of his involvement, he was removed from the rune.

Sima Rui loved Sima Li, the king of Langya, and had the idea of replacing his eldest son Sima Shao with him. He went to seek the advice of Wang Dao. Wang Dao said: "the crown prince is the eldest son, and Sima Shao is also very wise, should not change at will." Sima Rui still hesitated. Wang Dao often admonished Sima Shao so that his reputation was established.

Care for Education

At that time, wars continued and schools were abandoned, but they could not be built. Wang Dao wrote that "the root of weathering lies in the integrity of human relations, and the integrity of human relations lies in the establishment of social order". Through the construction of schools, we can educate the etiquette and morality, consolidate the ethics of monarchs, ministers and father and son, and attract talents, change the impetuous atmosphere, and finally achieve Sima Rui's "rejuvenation" career. He suggested that the children of the imperial court should be selected to enter the school, and those with broad knowledge of rites should be selected as teachers, so as to cultivate and set customs. After Sima Rui read the music, he believed it.

To consolidate the monarch and his ministers

In the first year of Daxing (318), Sima Rui, the emperor, established the Eastern Jin Dynasty. When he was congratulated by officials, Sima Rui repeatedly asked Wang Dao to sit on the royal bed with him. Wang Dao repeatedly said, "if the sun is the same as everything underground, where should the common people bathe in the glory?" Sima Rui just gave up (this is recorded in the book of Jin, and the earlier source of this theory seems to be the book of Jin Zhongxing written by Fasheng, but further back, the book of Shishuoxinyu Chongli only called a certain "Yuanhui", but did not mention the meeting of ascending the throne), and appointed Wang Dao as the general of Hushi and the third division of Yitong. Because Hua Yi's rebellion was pacified, he was granted the title of Marquis of Wugang. He was appointed as a minister of state, Sikong, fajie, Lu Shangshu, and led the Central Library supervisor.

When Xu Kan, the Taishan prefect, rebelled, Sima Rui visited people who could pacify Henan (generally referring to the area south of the Yellow River), and Wang Dao recommended the prince Zuo Wei to lead Yang Jian. Soon, Yang Jian was defeated and punished. Wang daoshangshu said that Yang Jian was a person recommended by himself, and he should be demoted according to his unclear recommendation. Sima Rui issued an edict not to.

In the second year of Daxing (319), Wang Dao took over from He Xun as the crown prince. At that time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was in the initial stage, and there was no historiographer in the court. It was only when Wang Dao was in power that the Historiographer was set up. From then on, the ancient books and records were relatively complete. Before that, Sima Quan, the prince of Xiaohuai, was killed by Liu Yao. Therefore, according to his name, there was a standard for the funeral of Sima Quan. The emperor mourned for the three dynasties, and the officials could just cry. Wang Dao thinks that the crown prince is the successor of the throne, and there is sadness in the whole world. He should also mourn the three dynasties instead of just crying. This suggestion was adopted.

Three generations of tishu

The rebellion of Wang Dun

After Sima Rui ascended the throne, he was dissatisfied with the arrogance of the Wang family in Langya and wanted to weaken the power of the Wang family. He quoted the ministers Liu Kai and Diao Xie as his confidants, and secretly made military arrangements to release the northern refugees who were reduced to caddies in Yangzhou area, and formed an army of them. He appointed Dai Yuan, an old clan of the eastern Wu Dynasty, as the general of the expedition to the West and the military commander of the six prefectures, such as Yan and Yu. Liu Kai was the general of the northern town, and the military commander of the four prefectures, such as Qing and Xu, with ten thousand people in each. He was stationed in Hefei and Huaiyin, nominally Beitan shile It's against Wang dun. As a result, Wang Dao was alienated, but he was calm and easy. People of insight all praised Wang Dao for his good treatment of ups and downs.

In the first year of Yongchang (322), Wang Dun raised troops from Wuchang on the pretext of opposing Liu Kai and Diao Xie and suing Wang Dao for injustice. He invaded Jiankang and killed Dai Yuan and Diao Xie. Liu Kai fled to shile, which is known as "the rebellion of Wang Dun".

When Wang Dun rebelled, Liu Kai advised Sima Rui to kill all the members of the Wang family. People talked about it and worried about it. Wang Daoli family

Chinese PinYin : Wang Dao