Xu Guangping

Xu Guangping

Xu Guangping (from February 12, 1898 to March 3, 1968) was born in Panyu, Guangdong Province under the pseudonym of Jing Song.

In 1917, he studied in Tianjin Zhili No.1 women's normal school as a preparatory course, served as the editor in chief of Xingshi weekly, the Journal of Tianjin patriotic comrades Association, and participated in the May 4th Movement under the leadership of Zhou Enlai. In 1923, he was admitted to the Chinese Department of Beijing Women's normal university and became a student of Lu Xun. In January 1927, Lu Xun went to Sun Yat sen University as a teaching assistant, Xu Ren as a Cantonese translator, and lived with Lu Xun in Baiyun road; in October, he formally lived with Lu Xun in Shanghai. In 1929, he gave birth to Zhou Haiying. In December 1932, the correspondence with Lu Xun was published.

After 1949, he successively held the posts of Deputy Secretary General of the State Council, member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of the all China Women's Federation, vice chairman of the Democratic Promotion Association, and member of the presidium of the all China Federation of literary and art circles.

In March 1968, forced by the gang of four, he died in Beijing at the age of 70.

Life of the characters

Student days

On February 12, 1898, he was born in the family of a scholar official in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. His grandfather was the governor of Zhejiang Province, and his daughter was a businessman when he came to visit the family.

In 1917, he entered Tianjin "Zhili provincial first women's normal school" as a preparatory course.

In 1918, he entered Tianjin "Zhili provincial first women's normal school" as an undergraduate.

In 1919, Xu Guangping took part in the May 4th Movement and served as the Journal of Tianjin Women's patriotic comrades Association, the awakening weekly, which published many opinions on women's issues.

In 1921, graduated from Zhili female teacher, as a short period of primary school teachers.

In 1922, he was admitted to the Department of Chinese culture of National Beijing Women's Normal University (renamed "National Beijing Women's normal university" in 1924).

Meet Lu Xun

In March 1925, Xu Guangping wrote a letter to Lu Xun, a teacher who had taught her for two years, as "a primary school student" and received a warm reply from Lu Xun on the same day. Since then, Xu Guangping often wrote letters to Lu Xun, and sometimes visited Lu Xun and asked him for advice. Under Lu Xun's education and inspiration, her thoughts are constantly improving. She served as the director general of the student union and became the backbone of the student movement. She fought hand in hand with Liu Hezhen and others, and wrote a large number of speeches exposing and criticizing the dark rule of Duan Qirui's government. When the Northern Warlord government and its agents in the education sector cruelly persecuted the progressive students of women's Normal University, Lu Xun stood up to support and protect the students. On August 8 of the same year, Xu Guangping took refuge and lived in Lu Xun's home in the three West alleys. On October 12, under the pseudonym of "Pinglin", Xu Guangping published the article "fellow traveler" in the supplement B of national news edited by Lu Xun.

He graduated from Beijing Women's Normal University in 1926, and launched a campaign with Lu Xun to denounce and expel Yang Yinyu, President of Beijing Normal University. In August, Lu Xun left Beijing to teach at Xiamen University. Xu Guangping went south with his car to work as the training director of Guangdong Provincial Women's normal school in Guangzhou.

In January 1927, Lu Xun also went to Guangzhou to serve as Dean of academic affairs and director of Literature Department of Sun Yat sen University, and Xu Guangping served as his assistant. On April 15, the reactionaries in Guangzhou carried out a counter revolutionary massacre. The city of Guangzhou was shrouded in blood. Lu Xun angrily resigned from Sun Yat sen University. On October 3, Xu Guangping and Lu Xun began to live together in Shanghai.

In 1930, Lu Xun was wanted by the Zhejiang provincial Party Department of the Chinese Kuomintang for initiating the great League of Chinese freedom movement and participating in the founding meeting of the left wing writers' League. Xu Guangping accompanied Lu Xun to seek refuge many times.

After Lu Xun died in October 1936, Xu Guangping was determined to finish his unfinished business.

In April 1937, she compiled 13 essays written by Lu Xun from 1934 to 1936 into night records and published them. In the name of Sanxian bookstore, he published copies of Lu Xun's slips and the last edition of qijieting's essays at his own expense. After the fall of Shanghai in November, in order to protect all Lu Xun's manuscripts and other relics, he stayed in Shanghai.

In April 1938, it was compiled as a collection of collected materials. In August of the same year, initiated by Hu Yuzhi, Xu Guangping, Zheng Zhenduo and other 20 people formed the "Fu She", in the name of "Lu Xun Memorial committee", and under the leadership and support of the Communist Party of China, the complete works of Lu Xun (20 volumes) with six million words was published. At the same time, Xu Guangping bravely participated in the Anti Japanese struggle. She actively raised daily necessities, medicines and other comforts for the Anti Japanese soldiers. Xu Guangping wrote articles for Shanghai women, women's circles, Shanghai weekly, Shenbao supplement free talk, Wen Wei Po supplement century wind and other newspapers and magazines, and published a large number of articles commemorating Lu Xun, in order to break the enslavement propaganda of Japanese imperialism.

On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, which opened the prelude of the Pacific War. After entering the Shanghai concession, Xu Guangping was arrested in his apartment and held in the Japanese military police headquarters on North Sichuan Road. He was tortured but would rather die than surrender. Finally, after 76 days of detention, neishan Bookstore released her on bail. Zheng Zhenduo praised her as "the most holy model of Chinese people".

On March 1, 1942, Xu Guangping was released. But suffered from this persecution, legs have been bad at line, hair a lot of white.

After the Anti Japanese War

In December 1945, he and Ma Xulun jointly initiated the establishment of the China Association for the promotion of democracy as the executive director. The following year, he was elected executive director of Shanghai People's organizations Federation.

In the autumn of 1946, more than 800 letters and manuscripts of Lu Xun were collected and published. Then he secretly went north to sort out the manuscripts and books of Lu Xun's former residence in Beiping, and met with Ye Jianying and others from the CPC office in Beiping.

In 1947, he served as the chairman of Shanghai women's Association and actively contributed to democracy weekly. At that time, she maintained close contact with the underground Party organizations of the Communist Party of China of the Shanghai Federation of students. She not only expressed moral support for the students' anti hunger, anti civil war and anti persecution movements, but also made many donations.

In October 1948, he was secretly transferred to the liberated areas through Hong Kong under the arrangement of the underground party organization of the Communist Party of China.

In September 1949, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and was elected a member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference. On October 19, he was appointed Deputy Secretary General of the Central People's government.

Since the first National People's Congress was held in 1954, he has been a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. He also served as vice chairman of the all China Women's Federation, member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League, director of the women's Committee, and vice chairman of the China Association for the promotion of democracy. Shortly after liberation, Xu Guangping handed over the publishing right of Lu Xun's works to the State General Administration of publishing, and donated all Lu Xun's books, manuscripts and other relics to the relevant state departments.

On June 19, 1955, he led the Chinese Yue Opera Troupe to visit and perform in the German Democratic Republic. The Chinese Yue Opera Troupe, composed of Shanghai Yue Opera Theatre, visited and performed in democratic Germany and other countries.

In October 1959, he completed nearly 100000 words of Lu Xun's memoirs.

In the spring of 1961, he led a Chinese women's delegation to Japan for the first time. In 29 days, he visited 27 cities and, entrusted by Premier Zhou Enlai, made a special appointment with Pu Jie's wife cuo'ehao.

On June 6, 1961, he joined the Communist Party of China with the approval of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. "June 6, 1961 was a historic day for me. I live to do something useful for China and mankind. " ——(Xu Guangping)

On March 3, 1968, stimulated by the theft of all Lu Xun's manuscripts by the gang of four, he died of a heart attack in Beijing at the age of 70.

Personal life

A distinguished family

Xu Guangping is the descendant of Xu baiting, the first famous family in modern Guangzhou. There are many talented people in his family, such as Xu Xiangguang, the hero of the anti British Army's struggle in Guangzhou City, Xu Yingrong, who is known as "Xu Qingtian", Xu Yingqiang, a clean and honest official, Xu Chongzhi, commander-in-chief of Guangdong army in the Republic of China, Xu chonghao, the veteran of the 1911 Revolution, Xu Ji, who is known as "iron general", Xu Zhuo, a famous general of the Red Army, and Xu Jiao Xu Chongqing et al.

Xu Guangping's grandfather, Xu Yingfu, was the son of Empress Dowager Cixi. He was once a governor of Zhejiang Province. He was an official of the second grade. He was granted the right to ride a horse in the palace. Therefore, the Xu family is one of the best families in the area. His cousin Xu Chongzhi (the grandson of Xu Yingkun, his father Xu Bingheng) is the founder of Huangpu Military Academy and commander-in-chief of Guangdong army; another cousin Xu Chongqing (the same grandfather as Xu Guangping, his father Xu Bingwei, his second brother Xu chonghao) is the former director of education in Guangzhou; Xu Chongji (the same grandfather as Xu Guangping, his third brother Xu chonghao) is the division commander of the fourth division of Guangdong army; Xu chonghao once served as the camp adviser of Sun Yat Sen and the founding of Guangdong army The chief of staff, former Secretary General of the national government examination, and his cousin Xu Chongzhi were known as the "two heroes of 1911"; his cousin Xu Zhuo (also known as Xu Chongqi, the grandson of Xu Yingrong and his father Xu Bingwei) was a martyr of the Red Army; and he was also the aunt of Hong Kong actor Xu Shaoxiong.

Xu Guangping's father, Xu Bingzhen, was discriminated against and excluded in this big family because he was born from a common family. Although he was a good critic of poetry and claimed to be a poet, he had no fame and was not an official all his life. He was a semi civilized gentleman. Xu Guangping, who had rebellious spirit since he was a child, was allowed to read, learn Mandarin and go to school like a boy. Even the crime of foot binding was avoided.

Resolutely resist marriage

On the third day after Xu Guangping's birth, his father Xu Bingzhen "clinked glasses to get married" at a banquet outside and promised her to a gentleman surnamed ma.

Although the Ma family is called a "countryman" by the Xu family, it is not very popular

Chinese PinYin : Xu Guang Ping