Fu Lei

Fu Lei

Fu Lei (April 7, 1908 to September 3, 1966), male, Han nationality, was born in Xiasha Township, Nanhui County, Jiangsu Province (now hangtou Town, Pudong New Area, Shanghai). He is a Chinese translator, writer, educator, art critic and one of the important founders of the China Association for the promotion of democracy.

In his early years, Fu Lei studied in Paris University. He translated a large number of French works, including Balzac, Roman Roland, Voltaire and other famous works. In the early 1960s, due to his outstanding contribution in translating Balzac's works, Fu Lei was absorbed as a member of the Balzac Research Association of France. At the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", Fu Lei was greatly persecuted. In the early morning of September 1966, Zhu Mei Fu died.

All his translations, compiled by his family, have been compiled by Anhui people's Publishing House and published in 15 volumes since 1981.

Life of the characters

Born in Zhoupu Town, Nanhui, Jiangsu Province on April 7, 1908. Fu Lei lost his father when he was young, and his mother was virtuous and independent. He once asked him to teach his son how to read, English and arithmetic. In 1919, Fu leijin was a sophomore at the town primary school. After one semester, he transferred to Shanghai and entered the primary school affiliated to Nanyang middle school. He was admitted to Xuhui public school in 1921. Fu Lei's original name was nu'an. When he was 15 years old, his name changed to Zi, and his other name was Lei.

In 1924, he was admitted to high school affiliated to Datong University. During this period, he actively participated in the patriotic struggle and the anti warlord learning tide of the May 30th Movement, and published two novels in Beixin weekly and novel world, namely, in a dream and a scene of recollection. In the autumn of 1926, Fu Lei was admitted to Shanghai Chizhi University. The following year, there was a "April 12" counter revolutionary coup, and the situation was turbulent. He decided to go abroad to study in peace of mind. Her mother sold her property to raise money. On December 30, 1927, Fu Lei bid farewell to his relatives and friends and set out for France on the French cruise ship "antelope".

He arrived in Marseilles on February 3, 1928 and arrived in Paris the next day. He took Yan Keats's letter and was introduced by Zheng Zhenduo to bedier in western France to study French. In the autumn of the same year, he was admitted to the school of Arts of the University of Paris, majoring in literary theory. After class, I went to the school of art history of Louvre and the art lecture of thorpen to watch the famous works of art in the French Museum of art and Museum.

In the summer vacation of 1929, arranged by Zeng juezhi, Fu Lei went to the wooden house of St. yanchorf on the Bank of Lake caimang in Switzerland to travel with sun Fuyuan, sun Fuxi brothers, Liu Haisu, Liu Kang, Chen Renhao and other artists. He inadvertently saw the legend of St. yanchorf in the landlord's old almanac and couldn't put it down, so he began to translate it. It was published in the collection of Huaxu society literature and art in 1930, which was the first translation by Fu Lei. Later, they try to translate Zinner's philosophy of art and Roman Roland's the biography of Beethoven.

In January 1930, Fu Lei wrote his first art review article Cezanne, which was published in Oriental Magazine, based on his experience of observing Impressionist paintings and learning art history and art theory. In the spring of this year, Liu Haisu attended the exhibition marking the centennial of Belgium's independence to appreciate the paintings of Rubens and his disciples, a representative of the Flanders School of painting at the Brussels Museum of art. In May of the next year, he went to Italy with Liu Haisu and other art friends to visit the original works of Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael, representatives of the Renaissance movement in the Roman Church. During this period, he will go to France to experience 12 articles of "France bank correspondence" and 3 articles of his thoughts on studying in France, which will be sent to Shanghai for ten days publication of "contribution".

In the middle of August 1931, Fu Lei and Liu Haisu returned to China together by the "xiangnansha" steamer. In September 1931, Fu Lei returned to China and served as the director of the office of Shanghai Academy of fine arts with Liu Haisu as the president. He also taught western art history and French. At the invitation of Zhonghua Book Company, he was responsible for publishing the collection of world famous paintings and editing the special album Liu Haisu.

In 1932, she married her cousin Zhu Meifu. In the same year, he participated in the "Juelan society" organized by Pang xunzhen and other organizations, published the signed Manifesto of the society, CO edited "ten days of art" with Ni Yide, and presided over Pang xunzhen's personal painting exhibition. After teaching, he devoted himself to translating foreign literature and writing art theory articles. From October 1932 to February 1933, his only academic work, twenty lectures on world famous art works, was serialized in the Journal of art. In 1933, he published his first translation, a biography of Charlotte, at his own expense. In September, due to the death of his mother, Fu Lei resigned from the art school and chose to translate books.

In 1935, the Commercial Press published the biography of Michelangelo and Tolstoy translated by Fu Lei. He once served as the chief of the editorial section of the current affairs weekly and the Central Committee for the preservation of antiquities to inspect the Longmen Grottoes. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in 1937, he translated morroa's five problems of life, love and sacrifice, the biography of Fuld, Russell's the road to happiness, etc., retranslated the biography of Beethoven, and wrote a long review paper Beethoven's works and spirit.

In November 1943, he participated in organizing Huang Binhong's first personal painting exhibition, the painting and calligraphy exhibition for the eighth birthday of Huang Binhong. With the victory of the Anti Japanese war in 1945, the domestic situation became increasingly tense. Fu Lei and Zhou Xuliang co edited Xinyu semimonthly, published more than ten political essays on current situation, democracy, education, literature and art, and wrote several similar articles for zhoubao, democracy, Wenwei Po, etc. This is the first time for him to step out of his study, break through the scope of literature and art, face society and life, and support the democratic movement with a clear stand.

In December 1945, together with Ma Xulun and Wang Shaofan, he initiated the establishment of "China Democracy Promotion Association", aiming to carry forward the spirit of democracy and promote China's democratic politics. In 1948, entrusted by the British Council, Fu Lei translated Newton's English painting, which was published by the commercial press. In August, his translation of Eugenie Grande by Balzac came out.

In June 1949, Fu Lei and his family went to Hong Kong, and FU Cong, the eldest son, stayed in Kunming to study alone. Soon after, he returned to Beijing and went to Shanghai to continue his translation career.

In the early 1950s, Fu Lei retranslated old man Gao and John Christophe. He also translated and published Balzac's "aunt" and "Uncle Bunce", Merimee's "Garman", "golongba", Voltaire's "honest man", "innocent man", "chadige" and some short stories.

In 1954, FU Cong, the son of Fu Lei, studied in Poland. Fu Lei's letter came from the correspondence between Fu Lei and his son during this period.

In March 1957, Fu Lei was invited to attend the propaganda work conference of the CPC Central Committee. Later, he published articles one after another in Wen Wei Po, putting forward opinions on improving the relationship between the party and the masses. Then, Ming Fang's rectification movement turned to "anti right". In 1958, he was labeled "rightist".

On October 1, 1959, under the care of Zhou Enlai and Chen Yi, Fu Lei wrote his first letter to his son FU Cong, who graduated from Poland and was far away in Britain, two years after breaking contact. In September 1961, the relevant departments took off Fu Lei's "rightist" hat, and for the next four or five years, he lived in seclusion. During this period, he translated Balzac's "the rise and fall of saicha pirodo", "the woman stirring water", "the priest of dur", "bielland" and "disillusionment", revised old man Gao again, and formally translated tainer's "philosophy of art".

At the end of August 1966, at the beginning of the cultural revolution, Fu Lei was raided by the red guards, criticized for fighting for four days and three nights, punished for kneeling, wearing a high hat and other forms of humiliation, and found the so-called "evidence of anti party crime".

On the morning of September 3, 1966, Zhou Judi, a maid, found that Fu Lei and his wife had both committed suicide in the "fast wind and fast rain building" at No. 5, 284 Road, Jiangsu road. Fu Lei swallowed a large amount of poison and committed suicide on a reclining chair. She was 58 years old. Her wife Zhu Meifu hanged herself on the window frame.

After Fu Lei and his wife died, their ashes were saved by a woman named Jiang Xiaoyan, put into the urn and buried in Yong'an cemetery. Later, Jiang Xiaoyan was found by the rebels, but the rebels did not know where the urn was buried, so the ashes of Fu Lei and his wife survived. But because there was no one to sweep and pay the management fee, the people of Yong'an cemetery planned to clean up their urn. A staff member who was in charge of the urn had already heard that it was the urn of Fu Lei and his wife, so he secretly took it away and hid it in a cemetery in the countryside of Qingpu. It was said that it was hidden under a staff member's bed. Until the vindication in 1979, the Fu family's relatives were eager to find the Fu Lei couple's urn. After asking the staff of Yong'an cemetery, they successfully found the staff who was in charge of the urn. Accompanied by him, they finally took the urn away.

In April 1979, the Shanghai Federation of literary and art circles and the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese writers' Association hosted a memorial service for Fu Lei and Zhu Meifu. Ke Ling delivered a eulogy, declaring that it was wrong to be classified as a rightist in 1958 and that it should be corrected; all those who were falsely accused and persecuted in the Cultural Revolution were rehabilitated and their political reputation was completely restored. The ashes were transferred to the cemetery of revolutionary martyrs in Shanghai.

Personal life

In 1932, Fu Lei and his hometown fiancee Zhu Meifu held a wedding and formed a family. Zhu Meifu is an oriental and newly educated woman. She is considerate, quiet and hospitable. She has almost gathered the standard virtues of Chinese women. In their characters, yin and Yang complement each other, hardness and softness complement each other, forming a harmonious and happy family. They have two sons: FU Cong, their eldest son, and Fu Min, their second son.

Main works

Original works

translation works

Academic thought

The field of translation

Fu Lei, 1951

Chinese PinYin : Fu Lei