Li Shutong

Li Shutong

Li Shutong (October 23, 1880 - October 13, 1942), also known as Li Xishuang, Li an and Li Liang, was named Wentao, Chengqi, Guanghou, Xishuang and gargle tube.

Li Shutong is a famous musician, art educator, calligrapher and dramatist. He is one of the pioneers of Chinese drama. After returning from Japan, he served as a teacher and teacher. Later, he became a monk. His name was Yanyin. He was called Hongyi. Later, he was called Wanqing old man. Later, he was honored as master Hongyi.

In 1913, he was employed as a music and picture teacher in Zhejiang two-level normal school (later changed to the first normal school of Zhejiang Province). Since 1915, he has been a music and picture teacher of Nanjing Normal University and composed the first school song in the history of Nanjing University. On October 13, 1942, master Hongyi passed away in Wanqing room of Wenling nursing home, Buer temple, Quanzhou.

Life of the characters

Young and smart

On October 23, 1880 (the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Li Shutong was born in the former residence of Li Zhai in Tianjin. Zu Lirui, a native of Pinghu, Zhejiang Province, is a native of Tianjin. He is engaged in salt and silver industry. His father Li Shizhen, whose name is Xiaolou, was a Jinshi in the fourth year of the reign of emperor Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty. He was once the head of the official department. Later, he resigned and inherited his father's career. In the third place, his name is Wen Tao and his character is Shu Tong.

Li Shutong was influenced by Buddhism when he was young. It is said that on the day of his birth, a magpie carried a pine branch to the delivery room. Everyone thought it was auspicious. Later, Li Shutong took this pine branch with him and stayed with him all his life. Both his parents believed in Buddhism. His aunt (Li Shizhen's aunt) Guo was also a devout Buddhist. His uncle learned to recite the great compassion mantra and the death mantra with her. His elder sister-in-law believed in Buddhism and taught him to recite Buddhist scriptures. When Shutong was a child, he often learned Buddhist practice with his third younger brother at home, "both of them use quilts or bedspreads as cassocks, and chant Buddha in the house or on the Kang to play.".

When Li Shutong was six or seven years old, he began to study with his elder brother Wenxi, who was 12 years older, and to learn daily etiquette. Wen Xi was very strict with him. He should not be careless in his daily work, and he should not be a little more polite in dealing with advance and retreat. Such a strict education at a young age will undoubtedly suppress his nature, but it will do him a lot of good to form a serious habit. His future achievements are largely due to such good habits.

In 1884, he was 5 years old in Tianjin. On August 5, his father died of illness at the age of 72. Shutong and his mother were even more embarrassed in the Li family. Growing up in such an environment, Li Shutong inevitably had some inferiority tendency when he was a child. His reticent character was thus formed.

In 1885 (the eleventh year of Guangxu), he received enlightenment education from his brother Wenxi at the age of 6.

In 1886 (bingxu in the 12th year of Guangxu), at the age of 7, Wenxi studied baixiaotu, huixingpian, guyanlianbi and Wenxuan.

In 1887 (Dinghai in the 13th year of Guangxu), when Li Shutong was 8 years old, he formally worshipped Mr. Chang Yunzhuang as his teacher, studied four books, filial piety, Maoshi, Zuozhuan, Erya, Wenxuan, etc., and studied calligraphy, Jinshi, etc.

In 1892 (Renchen in the 18th year of Guangxu), when he was 13 years old, he read Erya and Shuowen and began to study exegesis. The calligraphy of each dynasty was mainly Wei calligraphy, whose title was first heard in the countryside.

1894 (Guangxu twenty years Jia Wu) 15 years old read "Zuo Zhuan", "Han history essence record" and so on. Is the year chanted "life is still like Xishan day, rich and noble end like frost on the grass" sentence. Moreover, he began to have his own thoughts, and the seeds of inner "rebellion" began to sprout. He was not so keen on his elder brother's "serious" knowledge of governing the country and helping the world, which his elder brother asked him to study hard when he was young. However, he had a strong interest in the "cheap business" of singing opera. He often went to the opera garden to see the opera, became a diehard fan, and sometimes played a guest role. He was very appreciative of the actor Yang Cuixi. Every night, he went to tianxianyuan to support her. After the performance, he accompanied her home with a lantern. He also directed Yang Cuixi's singing and posture, which greatly improved her artistic accomplishments. It may be his first love to associate with Yang Cuixi. Unfortunately, this woman was later sold to an official family. After many setbacks, she married as a businessman's wife. Li Shutong's infatuation turned into all kinds of worries.

the age of fifteen

In 1895, at the age of 16, Li Shutong was admitted to the Fu Ren academy near Wenchang palace in the northwest of the city to study the eight part essay. Just like the other two academies in Tianjin at that time (San Chou academy and Wen Jin Academy), Fu Ren Academy was no longer much different from the official Academy. It mainly took examinations instead of giving lectures. There are two examination classes every month (the second day and the 16th day of junior high school). One is an official class, and the other is a teacher class. The official and the head teacher will set questions, mark papers, assess grades, and award money to supervise their studies. Before entering the Academy, Li Shutong had already read the classics, history, poetry and prose. He had a solid foundation and was very intelligent since he was a child. According to the format, the article should be written word by word in the grid, and the paper issued by the teacher is limited. Every time Shutong felt that his meaning was not enough, he changed the book in one space and handed it in two words, which earned him the reputation of "Li Shuangxing". His articles are often at the top of the list and receive silver prizes.

In 1896 (the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the reign of bingshen), at the age of 17, he published 24 volumes of plain books and asked Tang Jingyan to write eight parts of Zhongding Zhuan. In autumn, he learned poetry from Zhao Youmei, a famous scholar in Tianjin, and also studied Ci Fu and Ba Gu. I like to read Tang and Five Dynasties poems, especially Wang Wei's. Tang Jingyan, a famous calligrapher in Jinmen, studied seal script and seal management, and made friends with the same generation of famous scholars in Jinmen.

In 1897 (the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Ding you), at the age of 18, Li Shutong was ordered by his mother to marry Yu, the daughter of a tea merchant. Wen Xi, his elder brother, set aside 300000 yuan from his family property for his uncle, which was a huge fortune at that time. He bought an expensive piano and began to learn music and composition. At that time, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and others presided over the reform. Li Shutong, who had always been concerned about state affairs, looked forward to the future and was very tired of the old system, was very excited about the reform, actively advocated new ideas, and engraved the seal of "Nanhai Kangliang is my teacher" to show his support for the reform. Unexpectedly, after the "1898 coup", Six Gentlemen died, Kang and Liang fled overseas, and the reform movement ended in failure. It is widely rumored that Li Shutong is a member of Kang and Liang's party. In order to avoid disaster, he moved to Shanghai with his mother and wife, rented a house in the French Concession and settled down. Because his family has a bank in Shanghai, he can draw his living expenses at will as a young master. He has a lot of money. As a rich man, he associates with Shanghai celebrities. In October, he joined the "Chengnan literary society" and once ranked the first in the monthly meeting of literary society with his "Ode to Song Yu".

In 1899 (the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the reign of the people's Republic of China), 20-year-old Li Shutong moved to his friend Xu Huanyuan's "cottage in the south of the city" and formed a friendship with Yuan Xilian, Xu Huanyuan, Cai Xiaoxiang and Zhang Xiaolou. After that, Li Shutong's literati lived a colorful life. He set up "Shanghai calligraphy and Painting Association" with painter Ren Bonian and others, studied in special economic courses at Nanyang public school, studied with Huang Yanpei, Shao Lizi, Xie Wuliang and others from Cai Yuanpei, had frequent contacts with Gelang, famous prostitutes and so on, appeared in Shanghai, performed Beijing Opera "eight wax Temple", "white water beach", "Huang Tianba" and so on, and studied in Japan for the first time in Tokyo in the name of "Li AI" During his stay in Japan, he had an emotional relationship with a Japanese model and then returned home together. At the age of 35, he joined Xiling Seal society and had contacts with Wu Changshuo, a master of Jinshi calligraphy and painting.

In 1900 (the 26th year of Guangxu reign of gengzi), Li Zhunsheng was 21 years old on the 19th day of the ninth lunar month (November 10). Li Lu's poem clock and Li Lu's printed book were published in. Shanghai Painting and calligraphy association was established with Ren Bonian and other painters. A pictorial is published every week, which is issued by Chinese and foreign daily.

In 1901 (the 27th year of xinchou's reign of Emperor Guangxu), at the age of 22, he wrote a postscript to notes of the thatched cottage in the south of the city for Xu Youyuan. In spring, he went back to Tianjin and planned to visit his brother in Henan. Later, for some reason, he failed, so he returned to Shanghai. In the autumn of that year, he entered Nanyang public school (the predecessor of Xi'an Jiaotong University and Shanghai Jiaotong University) to study special economic courses. He was the same as Huang Yanpei, Shao Lizi and Xie Wuliang, and learned from Cai Yuanpei. Because of the fierce conflict between the old and new ideas in the school, the school banned students from reading some magazines and newspapers, which aroused students' anger and clashed with the school. Mr. Cai Yuanpei stood on the side of the students and argued with no effect, so he led the students and active teachers to leave Nanyang University. Li Shutong was also among the students who left.

In 1902 (the 28th year of renyin's reign of Emperor Guangxu), at the age of 23, he took the provincial examinations of gengzi, Xin Chou and en Zheng. Shutong successively took the provincial examination of Nanjian in Henan Province and applied for the provincial examination of Jiansheng in Pinghu County, Jiaxing Prefecture, but failed. Still back to Nanyang public school.

In 1903, there was a strike in Nanyang public school. Mr. Cai Yuanpei sympathized with the student movement and resigned voluntarily. All the students dropped out one after another. Li Shutong also dropped out of school. Not long after that, he, together with Xu Huanyuan and Huang Yanpei, set up the "Shanghai society" in Shanghai, set up tutorial classes, held speeches, and advocated new ideas such as marriage autonomy. He wrote the script of the new play Wenye marriage, wrote a lot of poems, and composed the song of the motherland, which is widely spread. His artistic talent is like a crescent moon in the sky, radiating a dazzling light.

In 1903 (the 29th year of guimao's reign of Emperor Guangxu), the 24-year-old and retired scholars set up a tutorial course in the Shanghai society and often held speeches. Take "Li Guangping" as an example

Chinese PinYin : Li Shu Tong