one of Chiang Kaishek's most trusted military officers

one of Chiang Kaishek's most trusted military officers

He Yingqin (April 2, 1890 - October 21, 1987), a general of the army of the Republic of China, was born in Xingyi, Guizhou Province. In his early years, he studied in Japan and studied in the Japanese army sergeant school. After the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, he returned to China to join the Shanghai army. After the failure of the second revolution, he went to Japan to study in the army sergeant school.

In the autumn of 1916, he returned to Guizhou and served as the principal of Jiangwu school and chief of staff of Guizhou army. In 1924, he went to Guangzhou, where he served as a counsellor of the base camp, the chief instructor of Huangpu Military Academy, and the head of the first regiment, brigade commander, division commander, military commander, etc. After the northern expedition, he served as a member of the national government, chairman of the Zhejiang provincial government, chief of staff of the general command of the army, navy and air force, and Minister of the Ministry of military affairs. In 1934, he was awarded the rank of general I of the army. During the Anti Japanese War, he served as commander in chief of the fourth war zone, commander in chief of the Chinese expeditionary army, and commander in chief of the Chinese army in the Chinese war zone. On September 9, 1945, on behalf of the Chinese government in Nanjing, he Yingqin accepted the letter of surrender signed by Ningji Okamura, the commander-in-chief of the Japanese army of aggression against China, submitted by Junichiro Kobayashi, chief of the general staff of the Japanese army of aggression against China.

In June 1946, he served as head of the Chinese delegation to the Military Staff Committee of the UN Security Council. In May 1948, he served as Minister of national defense. In March of the following year, he served as president of the Executive Yuan. In May, he resigned. In August, he went to Taiwan and served successively as chairman of the Strategic Advisory Committee of the presidential palace, chairman of the United Nations comrades Association of the Republic of China, chairman of the three people's principles United China Alliance, etc. He died in Taipei in October 1987.

Life of the characters

Study abroad

He Yingqin was born in Nidang Town, Xingyi City, Guizhou Province on April 2, 1890. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, his ancestors left Guizhou with the army. They changed from military service to business and farming. They settled in Huangcaoba and pengzha, and finally settled in fengbowan, Nidang.

He Yingqin has been in good health since childhood. At the age of 7, he studied in a private school in Nidang and was diligent.

In 1905, he was admitted to Xingyi Primary School of higher learning (formerly known as Bishan academy, now Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities).

In the winter of 1907, Guiyang Army primary school recruited students from all over the province. He, together with his classmates Li Yuhua and Li Ruqing, went to Guiyang and was admitted to the school.

In 1908, he was selected to Wuchang army No.3 middle school; the following autumn, the Army Department of the Qing government enrolled students studying in Japan, and he applied for the first place and entered Zhenwu School of Japan. When he Yingqin was studying in Zhenwu school in Japan, Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Zhiqing) also studied there, one grade higher than he. What is the period of study. On the one hand, he received military education, on the other hand, he began to come into contact with anti Qing revolutionary thought. At that time, hundreds of students studying in Japan joined the "alliance" founded by Sun Yat Sen. he also joined this revolutionary organization.

In 1909, he joined the Chinese Alliance in Japan.

In 1910, he entered the Zhenwu School of Japan.

Be expelled from Kunming

In 1911, after the news of the victory of the Wuchang Uprising spread to Japan, he and other members of the alliance returned to China and worked with Chiang Kai Shek in the Shanghai military governor's office of Chen Yingshi (Chen Qimei), who was stationed in Shanghai. After Yuan's failure, he went to Japan again to study. After graduation, he transferred to the 27th phase of Japanese Sergeant school.

In the autumn of 1916, he Yingqin graduated from sergeant school. When Liu Xianshi, the governor of Guizhou Province, founded the Jiangwu academy, Liu Dian asked his son Liu Suichang (graduated from Waseda University in Japan) to hire several people to go back to Guiyang to train Liu's new army. Recommended by Liu Xianshi and Wang Wenhua, commander-in-chief of the Qianjun army, he served as head of the fourth regiment of the first division of the Qianjun army and commander of the student battalion.

In April 1917, he Yingqin married Wang Wenxiang, Liu Xianshi's niece and Wang Wenhua's younger sister, in Guiyang.

At that time, in the internal strife between the "new faction" headed by Wang Wenhua and the "old faction" headed by Liu Xianshi, he became the backbone of the "new faction". At that time, in the political situation of Guizhou, because Wang mastered the army and had strong strength, he successively became the principal of Guizhou Jiangwu school, the director of the provincial capital police department, the director of the provincial police department, the brigade commander of the fifth mixed brigade and other important positions in the past two years. In the new culture movement before and after the May 4th movement, he organized the "youth Guizhou Association" to promote democracy and science; after the May 4th Movement broke out, he launched the Guizhou National Congress to support the patriotic movement of students, boycott Japanese goods, oppose the Paris Peace Conference and the northern betrayal government.

In November 1920, he Shenhe directly directed the "minjiu incident" and, together with Wang Wenhua, forced Liu Xianshi to hand over the power of Guizhou.

In March 1921, Wang Wenhua was assassinated and killed by his enemy in Shanghai. Five brigade commanders of Guizhou army worked independently, but he brigade was weak. So he was expelled from Guizhou by Gu Zhenglun, brigade commander of the second brigade, and sun Jianfeng, head of the guard regiment. At the end of 1921, he went to Kunming. Gu pinzhen, commander in chief of Yunnan army, hired he as a higher military adviser.

Because Liu Xianshi was expelled from Guiyang, he was very cold. In Kunming, he asked his nephew to buy an assassin to hurt he Yingqin's chest and leg with a gun. He took his adjutant to the French hospital to rescue him. After six months of recuperation, he left Yunnan for Shanghai and continued to recuperate in his brother-in-law Wang Boqun's home.

Huangpu instructor

In the summer of 1922, he was the dean of Yunnan lecture hall.

The first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began in 1924. Dr. Sun Yat Sen ordered Liao Zhongkai, Chiang Kai Shek and others to organize the Huangpu Military Academy and recruit talents everywhere. He Yingqin went to Guangzhou and served as a counsellor in Marshal sun's mansion. He because he had a "classmate" and "colleague" relationship with Chiang Kai Shek, and he was well-known for running a military academy in Guizhou, so he was favored by Chiang Kai Shek and participated in the preparatory work of the military academy. After the establishment of Huangpu Military Academy, he was awarded the rank of major general by Sun Yat Sen and served as the deputy chief instructor of Huangpu Military Academy.

When he was an instructor, he took part in the insurgency of Guangzhou business group. At the beginning of September, the students of the Military Academy were organized into two teaching regiments. Jiang entrusted he to be the head of the first teaching regiment of the military academy. Liao Zhongkai and Chiang Kai Shek appointed he as the acting director of the Academic Affairs Office of the military academy. The Guangdong warlord Chen Jiongming rebelled, and Chiang Kai Shek led two teaching regiments to attack. He Dai's 1st regiment won in a row. The latter two regiments were combined into the first brigade, and he was promoted to brigade commander. In July, the national government was established in Guangzhou. He was a member of the Military Commission. In September, when Chen Jiongming mutinied again, the national government sent troops for the second eastward expedition. Jiang was the commander in chief, and the latter was divided into three groups. He Yingqin, Li Jichen and Cheng Qian were the commanders of each group. He Bu's achievements were greatly appreciated by the national government. He rose on November 5 to be the commander of the first army and the commissar of the Chaomei appeasement and the president of the Chaomei branch of the military academy. After the "Zhongshan ship incident", he took up the post of director of education of Huangpu Military Academy.

In 1925, he served as the division commander of the first division of the first army of the National Revolutionary Army, and took part in the pacification of the Shang rebellion, Liu Yang rebellion and Chen Jiongming's two eastern expeditions.

In July 1926, during the northern expedition, he was the commander of the first army, and he's troops protected the Guangdong base. Most of the troops attacked Fujian and Zhejiang. In September, the Northern Expedition army won the first battle in Hunan Province, heading east to five provinces in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In October, Zhou Yinren, the governor of Fujian Province, moved westward in an attempt to invade Chaomei. He took the opportunity to lead his troops to attack Yongding, the headquarters of Zhou. After winning the whole victory, he took a detour and attacked the main force of Zhou army in Songkou. He captured more than 4000 people under the enemy's division commander. Jiang sent a telegram to reward the general by sending 20000 silver dollars. He was promoted to commander in chief of the eastern route of the national revolutionary army. In December, he occupied Fuzhou, entered Northern Fujian and controlled Fujian Province. He was the chairman of the provincial provisional political conference. He took advantage of the victory to march into Zhejiang and conquer Hangzhou. Then he fought in a circuitous way around Nanjing. After the 2nd and 6th army went to attack Nanjing, he drove into the city and seized the favorable terrain.

civil war

On April 2, 1927, a meeting to suppress the Communist Party was held at the headquarters of the East Road army to study the plan for suppressing the Communist Party. At the meeting, he strongly supported and advocated the extermination of the Communist Party of China. On April 9, 1927, he directly dispatched troops to Nanjing to disarm the three main groups of the Sixth Army led by Lin Zuhan (Lin Boqu), surrounded the party headquarters and the Provincial Federation of trade unions of Jiangsu Province, and arrested some revolutionaries. The next day he ordered the army and police to disband the Communist Party branch in Nanjing and arrest all the Communist Party cadres. He's 26th army of the east route army raided the workers' pickets in Shanghai and killed the Communists on a large scale. This is the famous "April 12" massacre. In May of that year, the Northern Expedition continued, with Jiang, Li Zongren and he Yingqin serving as commanders of various troops. When he crossed the Yangtze River to the north, he was counterattacked by Zhang Zongchang and sun Chuanfang. He and Li Zunjiang ordered him to retreat along the Yangtze River.

Jiang He's contradiction

Wang Jingwei, chairman of the Wuhan National Government, was against the Communist Party and Chiang Kai Shek. The GUI faction headed by Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi, the northwest army headed by Feng Yuxiang, and the Jin faction headed by Yan Xishan had conflicts with Jiang, and openly forced Jiang to step down. At this time, he Yingqin made a wrong judgment, thinking that Jiang had too many enemies, that he was besieged on all sides, and that he would surely be defeated. So he secretly supported the forced palace of GUI family. In this way, Jiang had to go down. When Bai Chongxi asked Jiang to leave at the meeting, Jiang recalled he, but he did not say a word. Jiang was very sad and left. Jiang later said: "at that time, as long as he Yingqin said a word, I could not leave.". This is the first conflict between Jiang and he.

After Jiang came out of power, he, Li and Bai formed a military standing committee to exercise collective leadership over the national revolutionary army. He and Li repelled the attacks of sun Chuanfang and Tang Shengzhi on Nanjing.

On November 10, 1927, Jiang returned to Shanghai from Japan. On December 10, the preparatory meeting of the Fourth Plenary Session of the second Central Committee of the Kuomintang passed a resolution urging Jiang to resume his post. In February 1928, after Chiang returned to his post, he did not say hello to he Yingqin, but went to Nanjing by train. Chiang went directly to the Xuzhou general headquarters of the first route army, where he was removed from his post. The general team was organized into four army groups, and Chiang himself served as the general secretary

Chinese PinYin : He Ying Qin