Yang Hucheng

Yang Hucheng

Yang Hucheng (November 26, 1893 - September 6, 1949) was a general of the Shaanxi army in the Republic of China. He was born as a swordsman. At the age of 24, he wrote a poem: "the mountains are high and the water is long in the northwest. How can a man go to his hometown and jump on the waves to fight in the Yellow River." Since the national defense uprising, he has been unyielding in a hundred battles. After two tigers guarding Chang'an, attacking Tang Shengzhi in a snowy night, cutting off the back road of the northwest army at Tongguan and other major battles, he finally reached the commander in chief of the 17th Route Army, the second rank General of the army, and the chairman of Shaanxi Province. His influence spread over most areas of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. Later, because of the contradiction with the Central Committee, he secretly contacted the Red Army, united with Zhang Xueliang to launch the "Xi'an Incident", arrested Chiang Kai Shek and was imprisoned for 12 years. On September 6, 1949, he was killed in Daigong Temple of Chongqing Institute for Sino US cooperation because of the mastermind of the armed mutiny. He was 56 years old.

On September 10, 2009, he was rated as "100 heroes and models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China".

Life of the characters

Examples of swordsmen

On November 26, 1893, he was born in a farmer's home in Ganbei village, Sun Town, Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province. Father Yang Huaifu, mother sun Yilian, mainly engaged in agriculture, and father also worked as a carpenter. Because of her poor family, jiuwa had only been in a private school for two years. At the age of 12, she was introduced to a restaurant as a handyman, mainly pulling the bellows to make a fire.

In 1908, his father Yang Huaifu was hanged in Xi'an by the Qing government for murder. Yang Hucheng, 14, borrowed a wheelbarrow from the guild hall and walked 200 miles step by step to push his father's body back to Ganbei village. Because there was no money for burial, it was the villagers who raised money for it. Later, he organized a funeral mutual aid organization Xiaoyi Association in his hometown. In that year, the Mid Autumn Festival was expanded to a mid autumn festival with the purpose of fighting against the rich and helping the poor.

In 1911, after the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he led the congregation to take part in the battle against the Qing army. After Yuan Shikai became president, he cut down the civilian army. After two years as a soldier, he retired and returned to his hometown. When I went to my aunt's village and killed Li Zhen, a bully scholar who came to collect debts, I went up the mountain and intercepted a number of taxes. I bought a manlixia rifle (m1895 Steyr manlixia rifle). I gradually owned six or seven guns and a hundred or ten people. I became a famous swordsman in Tongzhou.

In 1915, he led the people to join the Shaanxi national defense army and intercepted yuan's army in Huaxian and Huayin.

In 1916, the headquarters was made up of the 1st Battalion of the 3rd mixed regiment of Shaanxi army, and served as the battalion commander. Later, Chen Shufan was the governor of Shaanxi Province and wanted Li Qishan, Yang Rentian, Cao Yusheng and other members of the alliance. Li Qishan and others fled to Yang Hucheng's army to avoid arrest and conspire against Chen. After Chen Shufan learned that, he ordered Yang Hucheng to hand over Li Qishan and others, but Yang did not obey. Chen also wanted yang to be promoted as the head of the army, to expand the army, to increase weapons and so on, but Yang Hucheng refused.

In 1917, Sun Yat Sen set up the banner of protecting the law in Guangzhou. Yu Youren set up the headquarters of the Shaanxi Yasukuni army in Sanyuan, Shaanxi. Yang Hucheng took part in the war of protecting the law and served as the commander of the left wing detachment of the Shaanxi Yasukuni army. The Beiyang government organized eight provinces to aid Shaanxi and attempted to encircle and annihilate the Yasukuni army in Shaanxi. He led more than 6000 people to fight bloody battles for six days and nights between Jiefang and Chen Shufan's headquarters in the northeast of Guanshan, breaking the suppression of the Beiyang army.

In 1920, after replacing Duan Qirui from Anhui, Cao Kun changed his tactics and adopted the means of division to the Jingguo army in Shaanxi. Soon after, most of the Jingguo army accepted the adaptation. Only Yang Hucheng refused to accept the adaptation on the basis of preserving his revolutionary personality. After the most part of the Yasukuni army was incorporated, the general headquarters no longer existed, and Yu Youren was forced to leave Sanyuan. Yang Hucheng went to the martial arts station to rebuild the general headquarters, and appointed Yang as the commander of the Third Route Army. The headquarters were reorganized into four regiments. At that time, he intercepted 33 chariot weapons of Lu Hongtao's department in Famen Temple, with more than 1000 rifles and 600000 bullets, which greatly enriched his strength.

In May 1922, in order to eliminate the Shaanxi Yasukuni army, the Beiyang army organized 30000 troops to encircle the martial arts. After more than 20 days of bloody battle, he was defeated and retreated to Fengxiang in the West. In order to preserve the revolutionary fire, he led the troops to travel thousands of miles, defeated all the enemy troops who were besieged and intercepted, and sought refuge in Yan'an, the area of influence of Jing Yuexiu, the famous state of Shatuo. This kind of loneliness and loyalty made him highly praised by the Kuomintang. Sun Yat Sen personally went through the formal procedures for his joining the party. The crime of meritorious deeds was committed in the three Qin Dynasties.

In the winter of 1924, Feng Yuxiang launched a coup in Beijing and formed a national army with General Hu Jingyi and Sun Yue. Yang Hucheng led the army southward in the name of the former commander-in-chief of the Northern Shaanxi national army and fought fiercely with Liu Zhenhua's Zhensong army and Mazhen army in Weibei.

In May 1925, he supported the movement of expelling Wu Xintian and severely damaged the Wu Xintian Department of Shaanxi Province, which retreated to Hanzhong in Qishan and Baoji areas. After Sun Yue's Third Army entered Shaanxi, he became the commander of the third division of the third army of the national army. At that time, he had 8000 elite troops and strong troops. He hired Wei Yechou, a member of the Communist Party of China, to serve in the Sanmin military academy and its subordinate troops. In 1926, Wu Peifu and Zhang zuolin of the north jointly launched a war against the National Army supported by the Soviet Union. In the same year, the Soviet adviser in Guangzhou began the northern expedition to support the national army of the north. On the one hand, Wu Peifu deployed his main force to defend the front line of the Yangtze River, and on the other hand, he mobilized his troops to move northward. In March, he united with the red spear association to defeat Yue Weijun, commander of the second national army and governor of Henan Province, and 100000 troops of the second national army retreated to Henan West. Liu Zhenhua took the opportunity to make a comeback, restored the banner of "Zhensong army", summoned the old troops, bandits, red spear club, etc. to guard the Yougu pass in western Henan, wiped out 70000 people of the second national army in the first World War, and the rest collapsed. Wu Peifu appointed Liu Zhen, Huawei's so-called commander-in-chief of suppressing bandits in Shaanxi and Gansu, in order to eliminate Shaanxi's national army and eliminate the hidden danger of its flank. Liu Zhenhua gathered the former "Zhensong army" in the west of Henan Province. With the call of "fight to Xi'an to get promoted and make a fortune", he recruited bandits in the west of Henan Province and some local ruffians from the red spear club, and formed eight divisions, known as a mob of 100000 people, to attack Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. At that time, Li Huchen, who was the military affairs supervisor of Shaanxi Province, assembled two regiments, one of the 10th division and the fourth division of Shaanxi army of the second national army, with a total strength of less than 5000. Li Huchen asked Yang Hucheng for help. Li said to Yang on the phone, "if you come, I'll guard. If you don't come, I'll leave." Yang Hucheng held urgent consultations with Zhu Zimin, Deng Baoshan and Tian Yujie to study the domestic military and political situation at that time. He agreed that defending Xi'an and fighting against the Zhensong army were of great strategic significance in supporting the northern expedition of the Guangdong revolutionary government. He decided to conform to the national revolutionary trend, save Shaanxi and march into Xi'an. " On April 16, Feng qinya, commander of the 6th brigade of the Yang Department, arrived in Xi'an. Two days later, Yang Hucheng also entered Xi'an. Thus, the first of the three major city defense battles in the northern expedition, which lasted for eight months and killed 60000 people, began the Xi'an Defense War (see the data of Xi'an siege for details).

On April 28, 1926, Liu Zhenhua led the Zhensong army to Xi'an. On the 15th of May, Liu's army began to attack and defend Xi'an. In the Dongguan area, fierce battles are often fought in close combat. In August, the city was short of ammunition and food, and was in danger, but the army and the people in Xi'an were still sticking to it. Zhao Wenjie, who had experienced the siege, described in "Xi'an city's insistence": "in the middle of October, there was a sudden heavy snow. The residents were hungry and cold, and the number of hungry people was increasing day by day. One day, hundreds of people died on the road. On the street, you can see people standing by the door, sitting in the corner, lying on the road, all of whom are starving. After the winter, it is even more hungry, no one buried. By this time, there were no dogs in Xi'an. (at night) except for the light of fire in the city, the city is dark and looks like a dead city. "

In September, Feng Yuxiang returned to Suiyuan from the Soviet Union and became commander-in-chief of the National Alliance after he issued a declaration to the whole country to participate in the national revolution. Yu Youren sent a telegram to the whole country in the name of the temporary commander in chief of the second and third army of the Shaanxi people's Liberation Army, denouncing Liu Zhenhua as a "cruel, cruel and inhuman man". On the 17th, after Wuyuan took the oath, the national alliance began to break up the siege of Xi'an in two ways. Sun Liangcheng, the commander-in-chief of Shaanxi aid, led his troops from Yinchuan, Guyuan and Pingliang to Shaanxi. He passed through Changwu and Binxian counties and arrived in Qianzhou in early October. He fought fiercely with Zhenhao army in houerzhai and Sanqiao to the east of Xianyang. The two sides had a bloody battle for more than 40 days. Finally, the National Alliance sent a surprise force to bypass Nanshan and directly attack the enemy headquarters in hansenzhai. In those days, at the most difficult time, the soldiers and civilians in Xi'an could even hear the rumble of guns in the northwest. People were jubilant, rushed to tell each other and stayed up all night. On November 27, Yang Hucheng and Li Huchen stood on the city wall of Xi'an, where they could see the attack of the National Alliance. They ordered all the troops in the city to go out of the city to fight back. At night, the city outside the fire, guns rumble, the city residents dressed Dadan, waiting for good news. On the early morning of the 28th, the Zhensong army collapsed. At 7 am, the four gates of Xi'an were opened, and the siege of Xi'an City, which had been besieged for eight months, was released. In the postwar Xi'an memorial ceremony, General Yang Hucheng wrote a sad handwritten couplet: "life is eternal, death is eternal; merit is full of Sanqin, resentment is full of Sanqin.".

Feng Yuxiang had entered Shaanxi in 1921 and designed to kill Guo Jian, the most capable general of the Yasukuni army, leaving a very bad impression among the soldiers in Shaanxi. On November 29, 1926, on the second day of the siege, he left Xi'an with his exhausted troops and moved to the Weibei area to recuperate. He left the army and went to a friend's home in Fuping with only one of them. In order to show the majority of Shaanxi people that they are to blame, that they do not want to do. Sun weiru, one of his subordinates, said in 1942: "on the second day of the siege, Hucheng sneaked out of the army and was not allowed to worry about fenggong." He made such a speech during the siege

Chinese PinYin : Yang Hu Cheng