Chen Sheng
Chen Sheng
Chen Sheng? (208 BC), Zishe, a native of Yangcheng. He was one of the leaders of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty.
In the first year of Qin II (209 BC), he joined forces with Wu Guang to launch daze township (now Suzhou City, Anhui Province) uprising, which became the pioneer of uprising against the violent Qin Dynasty. He occupied Chen county to be king and established Zhang Chu regime.
Later, he was defeated by Zhang Han, a general of the Qin Dynasty, and was killed by Zhuang Jia, a coachman. He was buried in Mangdangshan. It took six months from the beginning to the end. After Liu Bang became emperor, Chen Sheng was granted the title of "hidden king", which is also called "hidden king of Chu" in historical books.
Life of the characters
Early experience
When Chen Sheng was young, he was employed by others. At that time, he was under the brutal rule of the Qin Dynasty, and the class oppression was very deep. He is not willing to be enslaved and sympathizes with people who share his own destiny. One day, he said to his farming partners, "if anyone is rich in the future, don't forget a poor brother who is suffering.". Everyone felt funny: "we work hard to farm for others. Where can we get rich?" Chen Sheng can't help sighing: "how can the sparrow know the ambition of the swan?"
Uprising against Qin Dynasty
In July of the first year of Qin II (209 BC), the imperial court drafted troops to guard Yuyang (now southwest of Miyun in Beijing). Chen Sheng was also included in the recruitment and was appointed as the leader of the troops. He and 900 other poor peasants, escorted by two Qin officials, rushed to Yuyang day and night. When we arrived at daze Township, Qi county (now xishipo Township, Suzhou, Anhui Province), we encountered heavy rain and the road was blocked by floods. Everyone saw that the deadline for arriving at Yuyang was approaching. They were as anxious as ants on a hot pot. They didn't know what to do. According to the cool law of Qin Dynasty, all soldiers who do not arrive at the designated place on time should be executed.
At the critical moment of life and death, Chen Sheng resolutely decided to plan an uprising. That night, Chen Sheng quietly went to another village chief Wu Guang to discuss. Wu Guang, a native of Yangxia, was also born in poverty. Although they had known each other for a short time, they were friends who had nothing to talk about. Chen Sheng said to Wu Guang, "we are in a situation where we are going to die, and we are going to die when we escape and are caught back. Instead of all being dead, we should choose to die for the state affairs and do something big?" Chen Sheng then analyzed the current situation: "the people in the world have been suffering from the rule of the Qin Dynasty for a long time, and the people's heavy taxes and the punishment of conscription have reached an unbearable level. I heard that the second emperor Hu Hai was the youngest son of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. He should not have succeeded to the throne, but his eldest son Fu Su. Fu Su was sent out to take soldiers because of repeated admonitions, but he was killed by the second emperor for no reason. Another famous person, Xiang Yan, was a famous general of the state of Chu. He made outstanding achievements in war and loved his soldiers. He was very popular. Now the common people don't know whether these two people are alive or dead. Why don't we call on people all over the world to rise up against the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty in their name? " Wu Guang admired Chen Sheng's bravery and thought that his idea was in line with the people's mind at that time. He fully supported Chen Sheng's decision to "die" and "take a big plan".
In ancient times, religious superstition was popular to predict good or bad luck. After some planning, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang specially asked a fortune teller for good or bad luck. Knowing their intention, the wise diviners said, "you can succeed in your career and make great contributions to the people. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were very happy after hearing this, and learned the Enlightenment from the diviner's words. So they wrote "W à ng" on a silk handkerchief with cinnabar and stuffed it into the belly of the fish caught by the fishermen. When the soldiers bought fish to eat, they were surprised to find the "Dan Shu" in the belly of the fish. At the same time, he pretends to be a campfire in the temple and makes a big sound in the camp! The soldiers in their sleep were awakened with fright. The next day, the soldiers whispered and looked at Chen Sheng. In addition, Chen Sheng always treated his subordinates with warmth and kindness, and connected his image with the rejuvenation of the state of Chu. Chen Sheng's prestige in the hearts of the soldiers was even higher.
Seeing that the time was basically ripe, Wu Guang deliberately threatened to run away while the two officers who were escorting the soldiers were drunk, so as to enrage the general who was escorting them to the border. The two drunken generals were really angry. They scolded and whipped Wu Guang, causing dissatisfaction among the soldiers and rallying together to coax him. Wu Guangfen seized a general and killed him with a sword. Chen Sheng also took advantage of the opportunity to kill another general.
Later, Chen Sheng gathered 900 soldiers together and said loudly, "we are caught in heavy rain here, so we can't reach Yuyang on time. If we miss the deadline, we will all be killed. Even if we are lucky not to be beheaded, six or seven out of ten people guarding the frontier fortress will be killed. If you want to die, you have to be famous! Do princes and Marquises have natural noble species? "Chen Sheng's sonorous and powerful words expressed everyone's wishes. The soldiers were full of resentment and anger towards the Qin Dynasty, just like the flood that broke the dam, and they all cried out:" we are willing to obey your orders! " So under the leadership of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, they bared their right arms as a sign, built an altar and swore an oath. According to their prior plan, they cheated their son Fu Su and Chu general Xiang Yan to declare an uprising. Chen Sheng, a self-supporting general, and Wu Guang as his commander, captured daze Township in one fell swoop, and then Qi county. The first large-scale peasant uprising war broke out in Chinese history.
Establishing political power
Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's "grand plan" won the positive response of the local people who suffered from the hardships of Qin Dynasty. They "cut wood into soldiers and uncovered poles as banners" to join the uprising. Under the leadership of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, less than a month after the capture of Qi County, five counties including Kezi county (now Suixi County, Anhui Province), Yi county (now Yongcheng West), Ku county (now Luyi County), zhe county (now Zhecheng county), Qiao County (now Qiaocheng District, Bozhou City, Anhui Province) soon brought the fire of the uprising to their hometown of the Central Plains.
Chen Sheng is a farmer leader with strategic consciousness. After controlling a large area at the junction of Anhui and Henan, it was decided to attack Chen county. Chen county was the capital of the state of Chen in the two Zhou Dynasty and the spring and Autumn period. In the late Warring States period, it was the capital of Chu. After Qin destroyed the six states, Chen county was designated as the county government, which shows the importance of its position. If Chen county can be won, it will undoubtedly be a major blow to Qin. So Chen Sheng led the uprising army to Chen Cheng. By this time, the rebel army had 600 or 700 chariots, more than 1000 cavalry and tens of thousands of soldiers. The sheriff and magistrate of chendi were frightened by the news, so they fled early, leaving only the sheriff (the deputy of the Sheriff) to stay in the city and resist tenaciously. Under the strong attack of the rebel army, the garrison of Qin Dynasty, which was already frightened, soon collapsed. The uprising army killed Jun Cheng and marched into Chen county.
After Chen Sheng defeated Chen County, he called together the local three elders (the officials in charge of local education) and Heroes (the people with reputation) to discuss the grand plan. Although these people did not come from the peasant class, they also witnessed and experienced the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty, especially when they saw that Chen Sheng led the uprising army in a short period of one month, even in Keshu county. They respected Chen Sheng very much and suggested him to be king one after another. They said, "general, you should fight against the cruel and unruly state of Qin and restore the state of Chu. You should be the king in terms of merit." However, there are a few different opinions: Chen Sheng's self-reliance as king will make people feel that Chen Sheng is selfish and unwilling to follow each other. Chen Sheng thought twice and finally made a decisive decision to call Wang Li Guo. He took Chen County as the capital, "Zhang Chu" as the name, and "Zhang Chu" as the name of the state (that is to say, Zhang Da Chu as the slogan), and established the first peasant revolutionary regime in Chinese history. Although Chen Sheng's banner was "Zhang Chu", it was not aimed at restoring Chu's native land, but to overthrow the Qin Dynasty and save the poor people in the world. This is his personal practice of the thought of "lofty ambition" and "king, marquis and general, would rather have seed", which is also his strategic consideration of unifying the order of the rebel army. Later, the practice of the peasant revolution strongly proved the necessity of Chen Sheng's decision to call Wang Li Guo.
The establishment of Zhangchu regime promoted the climax of the nationwide anti Qin struggle. The high flying banner of "Zhangchu" became the symbol of the center of peasant uprising and showed great appeal. In response to Chen Sheng's call, local officials were punished and killed in the name of "Zhang Chu" army. The fire of peasant uprising has become a prairie fire. Under the impetus of the flood of peasant revolution, some aristocratic residual forces also took over the old troops one after another and fought against Qin Dynasty. At that time, the famous leaders of anti Qin forces were Liu Bang, Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu, yingbu, Peng Yue and so on.
Facing the rising situation of anti Qin struggle, Chen Sheng, with the assistance of Wu Guang and other members of the peasant regime, further determined the overall strategy of "the main force of the western expedition, partial division and partial land" and finally overthrowing the rule of the Qin Dynasty. He appointed Wu Guang as the False King (vice king) and led the main force of the uprising army to attack Xingyang in the west, and directly attacked Xianyang, the capital of Qin, by way of Hanguguan. At the same time, he "ordered the soldiers of the Song Dynasty to stay in Nanyang and enter Wuguan", and then made a detour to attack Guanzhong. Later, Wu Chen, Deng Zong, Zhou Shi and Zhao Ping Ping were appointed as generals to cross the Yellow River to attack the former Zhao state (now northwest of the mountain and southwest of Hebei), Jiujiang county to the South and Huainan area; Guangling (now North of Yangzhou City in Jiangsu Province) and the old land of Wei state to attack the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Daliang (now Kaifeng) to the south of the Yellow River. For a time, the fire of anti Qin struggle burned all over the country. The uprising forces fought bravely and invincibly, and the peasant revolution reached its climax.
Failure of the western expedition
But what Chen Sheng didn't expect was that Wu guangjiu's attack on Xingyang was not enough, and the army's westward advance was blocked.
Chinese PinYin : Chen Sheng
Chen Sheng
