Wu Mengchao

Wu Mengchao

Wu Mengchao, China China China Academy of Sciences, was born in Minqing County, Fujian Province in August 31, 1922. He is a famous Chinese Department of hepatobiliary surgery expert, a pioneer of Chinese liver surgery and a leading founder of Chinese liver surgery. He is known as the father of Chinese Department of hepatobiliary surgery and one of the Chinese mainland scholars who can win the Nobel prize in physiology or medicine. Li Zhuang is a lifelong honorary Dean of Tongji Hospital.

In 1949, he graduated from the Medical College of Tongji University (now Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of science and Technology). He was elected academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991 and won the highest national science and Technology Award in 2005. In May 2011, China named asteroid 17606 "Wumeng superstar". On February 3, 2012, he was honored to be the person of the year moving China in 2011. On January 14, 2019, Academician Wu Mengchao retired.

Wu Mengchao was the first to put forward the new idea of "five leaves and four sections" in Chinese liver anatomy. He pioneered the intermittent hepatectomy under normal temperature in China. He was the first to break through the forbidden area of human middle lobe surgery, and established a complete early diagnosis and treatment system for hepatic cavernous hemangioma and small hepatocellular carcinoma. He presided over the establishment of the hepatobiliary surgery disease treatment and Research Center, won 24 national, military and Shanghai Science and technology progress awards, published 19 medical monographs such as Atlas of abdominal surgery and liver surgery, and published more than 220 papers.

On October 18, 2020, Academician Wu Mengchao's Museum opened in Minqing County, Fuzhou.

Character experience

On August 31, 1922, Wu Mengchao was born in Minqing County, Fujian Province, a returned overseas Chinese from Malaysia. At the age of 5, he followed his mother to Malaysia to join his father. In Malaysia, Wu Mengchao helped his father cut rubber while reading.

In 1940, he returned to China to participate in the Anti Japanese activities. Because he could not go to Yan'an, he had to stay in Kunming to study. He was determined to "save the country by studying.". In the same year, he entered the secondary school affiliated to Tongji University in the suburb of Kunming.

At the end of 1941, shortly after the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese army occupied Hong Kong. At that time, many famous people who were stranded in Hong Kong, such as how Xiangning, Liu Yazi, Zou Taofen, Mao Dun and Professor Chen Yinke of the United University, could not leave in time. The reason was that Kong Xiangxi and other dignitaries monopolized the aircraft of AVIC, specialized in transporting their personal property and furniture, and even the Kong family used aircraft to transport foreign dogs To Chongqing. Chongqing Ta Kung Pao exposed the incident, which caused great indignation among teachers and students of Southwest Associated University.

On January 7, 1942, students of Southwest Associated University launched a march to discuss Confucius. Southwest Associated University connected with Tongji high school. Wu Mengchao, as the monitor, immediately led the students to the street.

In 1943, Wu Peiyu and his later wife were admitted to the Medical College of national Tongji University and became pre medical students (at that time, Tongji University's medicine was divided into pre medical and post medical. The pre medical study mainly laid the foundation, and only after passing the examination could they enter the post medical study of clinical and various specific medical techniques).

At the beginning of 1946, he passed the pre medical examination and went to Yibin (the medical college was located in Yibin at that time) to study in the post medical period.

In 1949, he graduated from the Medical College of Tongji University (now Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of science and Technology) with a bachelor's degree. In the same year, he entered the First Affiliated Hospital of the people's Medical College of the East China Military Region (later the First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University) and became a military surgeon. I have a chance to visit Professor Qiu Fazu and learn from him.

In 1958, he translated and published China's first monograph on liver surgery, introduction to liver surgery. In the same year, he formed a "three person research group" headed by Wu Mengchao, aiming at conquering liver surgery.

In February 1959, Wu Mengchao came to Bombay to cut the table tennis ball into pieces and put it in acetone, waiting for it to dissolve. The next day, the ping-pong ball in the bottle dissolved into liquid. They bought Celluloid from the table tennis factory and added several different colors of red, blue, white and yellow into it, which were injected from the hepatic artery, hepatic vein, portal vein and bile duct respectively, making the crisscross thick and thin blood vessels in the liver full. After coagulation, the liver surface was etched with hydrochloric acid, and finally hollowed out with a knife. The vascular framework of the liver is clearly presented, extending from thick to thin, like branches, because each "branch" has different colors, like coral. After more than four months of hard work, China's first fully structured human liver vascular model was finally poured out.

At the end of 1959, 108 liver specimens and 60 fixed liver specimens were made. Through making specimens, Wu Mengchao knew the internal structure of the liver and the direction of blood vessels very well, which laid a solid foundation for his future liver surgery.

In June 1960, Wu Mengchao formally put forward at the Seventh National surgery academic conference: "based on the data and rules of Chinese liver size, normal liver anatomy can be divided into five lobes and six segments according to the direction of internal blood vessels, and it is most practical to divide into five lobes and four segments in surgical clinic.

In 1960, a middle-aged female patient underwent hepatectomy successfully, becoming the first successful liver operation in the First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University. In the same year, he invented "intermittent hepatectomy under normal temperature".

In 1961, we discovered "the rule of biochemical metabolism after liver surgery in normal and cirrhotic liver", and put forward new ideas and strategies to correct the common fatal biochemical metabolic disorder after liver cancer surgery.

In 1963, he broke through the forbidden area of "middle lobe of liver" surgery, which shocked the world.

In 1964, Shanghai Science and education film studio, in view of Wu Mengchao's series of innovations and achievements in basic theory and clinical practice, made a color documentary "marching towards liver surgery".

In 1966, the "Cultural Revolution" made Wu Mengchao wear the label of "reactionary academic authority". Because he was a returned overseas Chinese, he was suspected of "communicating with foreign countries from within".

In 1969, with the Second Military Medical University moving from Shanghai to Xi'an, he taught himself Chinese medicine and became a barefoot doctor.

In 1974, taking advantage of the good opportunity of the rectification of the Military Medical College, he applied to the Party committee of the hospital for the establishment of an independent Department of hepatobiliary surgery, which was approved, realizing his first leap in hepatobiliary career.

In 1975, the largest cavernous hemangioma of the liver, weighing 18 kg, was surgically removed. In July of the same year, the Second Military Medical University was ordered to move back to Shanghai. In the following year, Wu Mengchao took the lead in conducting 180 000 person times liver cancer screening in Shanghai to carry out research on early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.

In 1978, the National Science Conference was held in Beijing. At the meeting, Wu Mengchao's "new achievements in liver surgery: Research on normal human liver anatomy" won the National Science Conference award.

Since 1978, Wu Mengchao has taken the lead in recruiting graduate students, and has cultivated many high-end talents with academic expertise for decades. During this period, he also proposed a series of strategies for the surgical treatment of liver cancer: the "second stage resection" of huge liver cancer; the local radical resection of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer; the reoperation of liver cancer recurrence

In September 1979, Wu Mengchao attended the 28th International surgery conference in San Francisco, USA, as a member of the Chinese delegation. He shocked the international medical community with his experience of resection and treatment of 181 cases of primary liver cancer from January 1960 to December 1977, with a total success rate of 91.2%. At the meeting, Wu Mengchao was co elected as a member of the international society of surgery, as an affirmation of China's liver surgery by the international medical community.

In 1983, for a 4-month-old girl, a 600 gram hepatoblastoma was successfully removed. The volume of the tumor was even larger than the baby's head! The following series of pediatric liver surgery research and clinical practice make the reputation of hepatobiliary surgery in China more remarkable.

Wu Mengchao once relieved more than 13600 liver disease patients with his hands. By the end of 1986, 1019 cases of hepatectomy had been performed, and the success rate was 97%.

In 1993, hepatobiliary surgery was approved to develop into the "hospital in hospital" of Changhai Hospital, with a total of 200 beds, realizing the second leap in his career.

In 1996, he generously set up the "Wu Mengchao hepatobiliary surgery fund" on the basis of hundreds of thousands of yuan of personal savings over the years and more than 4 million yuan of commendations and awards from all walks of life.

In 2006, six academicians, including Tang ZHAOYOU, Gu Jianren, Wen Yumei, Zheng Shusen, Yang Shengli and Wang Hongyang, jointly submitted the report of "integrated research on liver cancer" to the State Council.

On July 26, 2010, the international asteroid Center issued a communique to inform the international community that asteroid 17606 was permanently named "Wumeng superstar". The No. 17606 asteroid, permanently named "Wumeng superstar", was discovered by the Schmidt CCD asteroid project team of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences at the Xinglong observation base of the National Astronomical Observatory in Xinglong County, Hebei Province on September 28, 1995.

On May 3, 2011, the Ministry of science and technology of the people's Republic of China held an asteroid naming ceremony. Academician Wu Mengchao, President of the Oriental Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, took over the certificate of asteroid naming and the bronze medal of asteroid orbit, and named asteroid 17606 as "Wu Mengchao", officially obtaining a permanent asteroid name.

In February 2012, he was rated as the person who moved China in 2011.

On November 25, 2016, he served as honorary president of Lizhuang Tongji Hospital.

In July 2018, Wu Mengchao participated in the program "the reader". At the age of 96, he had three operations a week.

On January 14, 2019, Academician Wu Mengchao retired.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

Chinese PinYin : Wu Meng Chao