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Wang Shouren

Wang Shouren (October 31, 1472 to January 9, 1529) is a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, Han nationality. He was an outstanding thinker, litterateur, militarist and educator in Ming Dynasty, and the son of Wang Hua, the Minister of the Ministry of Li in Nanjing.

In the 12th year of Hongzhi (1499), Zhongjin Shi was the head of the criminal department. He successively served as the Yicheng of Longchang, the county magistrate of Luling, the censor of Youjin, the governor of nangan, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, the Minister of Nanjing Military Department, and the censor of zuodu. He successively pacified the rebellion of nangan, Liangguang and zhuchenhao, and was granted the title of Xinbo. He became one of the three literary ministers who were knighted by military achievements in Ming Dynasty. In November 1529, he died at the age of 57. Mu Zong of Ming Dynasty succeeded to the throne and bestowed the posthumous title of "Wencheng" on Xinjian marquis. Wanli twelve years (1584), from worship in the Confucian temple.

Wang Shouren is a great master of the theory of mind. Yangming's theory of mind spread to Japan, Korea and other countries. His disciples are numerous, known as "Yaojiang school". The article is broad and prosperous, and there is a cool air between the lines of ink. Wang Wen Cheng Gong Quan Shu is handed down.

Life of the characters

Born extraordinary

In 1472, Wang Shouren was born in a prominent family in Yuyao County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. His father, Wang Hua, was the number one scholar in 1481, and was the official of the Ministry of officials in Nanjing.

Wang Shouren was born with a special temperament. His mother was pregnant for 14 months before he was born. Before he was born, his grandmother dreamt that the God of heaven was Yi Feiyu. He preached in the clouds that he would come down from the sky with a child in his arms. His grandfather named him "cloud" and named the place where he lived "ruiyunlou".

Wang Shouren, still unable to speak at the age of five, has memorized the books his grandfather read. One of the eminent monks went to his home, touched his head and said, "good boy, it's a pity that he said so." According to the Analects of Confucius · weilinggong, grandfather changed his name to "Shouren", and then he began to speak. His father Wang Hua loved the landscape of Shaoxing, so his family left Yuyao and moved to Shaoxing. As a child, Wang Shouren has a good family background, so he has a very superior learning environment.

Young and promising

When he was 12 years old, Wang Shouren officially studied in a private school. At the age of 13, his mother, Zheng, passed away. He lost his confidence when he was young, which was a great setback for him. But he has a high ambition and a different mind. Once he discussed with Mr. Shushu what is the most important thing in the world, he thought that "the imperial examination is not the first important thing". The most important thing in the world is to study and be a sage. At that time, the government was corrupt and there were rebel forces everywhere. During the reign of Yingzong Zhengtong, Yingzong was captured by the Wara tribe of Mongolia. This incident cast a huge shadow on Wang Shouren's young heart. He vowed to learn the art of war and be loyal to his country. At the age of 15, he wrote to the emperor many times, offering advice to pacify the peasant uprising, but to no avail. In the same year, he traveled to Juyong Pass and Shanhai Pass for one month. Looking across the Great Wall, he already had the ambition of managing the four directions.

In the first year of Hongzhi (1488), when Wang Shouren was 17 years old, he went to Nanchang to marry Zhu, the daughter of Zhu Yanghe. But on the day of his marriage, no one could find him. It turned out that when he was wandering, he met a Taoist who was meditating there, so he asked him for advice. The Taoist told him a regimen, so he sat down with the Taoist and forgot to return. It was not until the next day that his father-in-law found him back.

In the second year of Hongzhi (1489), when Wang Shouren was 18 years old, he returned to Yuyao with his wife Zhu's family. After passing Guangxin, Wang Shouren paid a visit to Lou Liang. Wang Shouren was very pleased that Lou Liang taught him the theory of "learning from things". After that, he read Zhu Xi's works all over the world and thought about the Confucian theory of Song Dynasty that "everything has the essence of exterior and interior, and every plant has its own reason". In order to practice Zhu Xi's theory of "seeking knowledge from things", he once made up his mind to be poor in bamboo. After seven days and nights, he found nothing, but people fell ill. Since then, Wang Shouren had a great doubt on the theory of "Ge Wu", which is the famous "Shou Ren Ge Zhu" in the history of Chinese philosophy.

Stepping into official career

In the fifth year of Hongzhi, Wang Shouren participated in the Zhejiang provincial examination for the first time, and won the same list with Hu shining and sun Sui. Since then, his studies have made great progress. But he likes to talk about military more and more, and he is good at archery. However, when he was 22 years old, he failed in the entrance examination. Li Dongyang, the cabinet chief assistant, said with a smile: "although you don't win the number one in the imperial examination this time, you will win the number one in the next imperial examination. Try to be the number one in the next imperial examination." Wang Shouren took the pen and finished it. The elders in the court were surprised by his talent. Those who were envious of him began to argue that this young man, like the number one scholar, must be defiant. At the age of 25, Wang Shouren failed again in the imperial examination. His father enlightened him that if he failed this time, he would succeed next time. But he said with a smile, "you are ashamed of not being ranked, but I am ashamed of not being ranked.".

Be demoted to realize the truth

In the 12th year of Hongzhi (1499), at the age of 28, he took part in the examination of the Ministry of rites. Because of his excellent performance in the examination, he was given the second place in Nangong and the seventh place in the second grade, the Ministry of administration and work. Before he was buried, Wang Yue of Weining went back to the imperial court to discuss eight issues such as the defense of the northwest frontier. Later, he was given the head of the Ministry of punishment to decide to be imprisoned in Jiangbei and other places. Later, he asked to return home because of illness. In the 17th year of Hongzhi (1504), he was appointed as the head of the military election Department of the Ministry of war.

In the winter of the first year of Zhengde (1506), Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty, eunuch Liu Jin was good at politics, and arrested more than 20 people, such as Dai MI, the censor of Nanjing geishizhong. Wang Shouren was demoted to Guizhou Longchang (70 Li northwest of Guiyang, Xiuwen County) as a post manager of Longchang post. At the same time, his father Wang Hua was also expelled from Beijing and transferred to the post of minister of the Ministry of officials in Nanjing.

On the way, Wang Shouren was chased and killed by Liu Jin. He committed suicide by diving. Wang Shouren, who escaped the chase, secretly went to Nanjing to meet his father Wang Hua. Wang Hua said to him, "since the imperial court orders you, you have the responsibility. You'd better take office." Then he set foot on the road and came to Longchang, Guizhou Province, where "thousands of mountains are thin, Miao and Liao live together". Longchang was still an uncivilized area at that time. Wang Shouren was not discouraged. He taught the local people according to the customs and was loved by the people. During this period, he had a new understanding of the central idea of the University. Wang Shouren realized that "the way of sages is self-sufficient, and it is wrong to seek truth from things.". During this period, he wrote "dogma shows all the life in Longchang", which is called "Enlightenment in Longchang".

In the fourth year of Zhengde (1509), Wang Shouren's banishment expired, and he returned to the magistrate of Luling county (now Ji'an, Jiangxi Province). In August of the next year, Liu Jin was removed by Yang Yiqing and Zhang Yong, the eunuch. In December, Liu Jin was promoted to head of the criminal department in Nanjing. In 1511, Wang Shouren was called to Beijing, where he successively served as the head of the Department of official seal inspection, the Commissioner wailang, and the head of the Department of literary selections. In the seventh year of Zhengde (1512), he successively served as the chief of imperial examinations in the Ministry of officials and the Minister of Taipusi in Nanjing. In 1514, he was promoted to hongluqing in Nanjing.

Southern Jiangxi set up chaos

In August 1516, Wang Qiong, the Minister of the Ministry of war, highly appreciated Wang Shouren's talent. With Wang Qiong's recommendation, Wang Shouren was promoted to be the censor of zuojindu, the capital inspection yuan, and the governor of Nan (an), Gan (Zhou), Ting (Zhou), Zhang (Zhou).

At that time, thieves swarmed around in Nanzhong district. Xie Zhishan occupied Hengshui, Zuoxi and Tonggang, and Chi Zhongrong occupied Wutou, and they were called kings respectively. They echoed Chen YUENENG of Dayu, Gao Kuaima of Lechang, Gong Fuquan of Chenzhou, and captured and plundered all the prefectures and counties. And the bandit Zhan Shifu and others of Fujian Damaoshan started to fight again. Vicente, the former governor, left his post due to illness. Xie Zhishan and the bandits of Lechang captured Dayu and attacked Nankang and Ganzhou. Ganxian's master died in battle. When Shou Ren took office, he knew that many people in the government were the eyes and ears of thieves, so he asked the old and cunning servant. The servant was trembling and didn't dare to hide. He told the truth. Shouren absolves them of their sins and lets them spy on the rebels. Therefore, Shouren keeps track of the thieves. Later, he called on Fujian and Guangdong to fight against the bandits in Damaoshan. Wang Shouren's military use is "weird" and arbitrary, which is known as "cunning specialist".

In the first month of the 12th year of Zhengde (1517), Wang Shouren personally led elite troops to garrison in Shanghang, pretended to retreat and attacked unexpectedly. He broke more than 40 villages and killed and captured more than 7000 people. He told the court that the power was too small to command the soldiers. Wang Qiong played on the stage and gave Wang Shouren a flag, which is convenient for him to engage in. In July, we went to Dayu. In October, kezuoxi and Hengshui broke the nest and killed and captured more than 6000 people. After the war, Chongyi county was set up in Hengshui. Later, the division returned to Ganzhou to fight against the bandits, killing more than 2000 people. Wang Shouren leads the scholar and pianbi to wipe out the thieves who have been suffering for decades. People nearby all exclaim that Shouren is a God.

The rebellion of King Ning

In 1519, Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ning, launched a rebellion. It is said that after the news reached Beijing, the Minister of the central government was shocked. Only Wang Qiong said confidently, "Wang bo'an is in Jiangxi and will surely catch the traitor."

At that time, Wang Shouren was preparing to go to Fujian to pacify the rebellion there. When he arrived at Fengcheng between Ji'an and Nanchang in Jiangxi Province, Wang Shouren got the news of Zhu Chenhao's rebellion. He immediately rushed to Ji'an to collect righteous soldiers, issued an address and sent out troops to punish him. At the beginning, Wang Shouren came up with a suspicious plan. He knew that if the king of Nanjing went eastward along the Yangtze River, Nanjing would not be able to keep it. If Nanjing, as the remaining capital, is lost, the rebels will have a certain political initiative, and it will be difficult to counter the rebellion.

After Wang Shouren calmed down the robbers, his talisman had been sent to the military department, and he had no soldiers in his hand. The officials of the imperial court in Jiangxi province came to help Shouren, and gathered soldiers from various prefectures and counties in Yuanzhou (now Yichun, Jiangxi Province) to collect military supplies

Chinese PinYin : Wang Yang Ming