Zhu Kezhen

Zhu Kezhen

Zhu Kezhen (March 7, 1890-february 7, 1974), whose name is Ou Fang, was born in Dongguan town, Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province. He is an academician of Academia Sinica and Chinese Academy of Sciences, a member of the Communist Party of China, a meteorologist, geographer and educator in modern China, a founder of modern geography and meteorology in China, and a former president of Zhejiang University.

On March 7, 1890, Zhu Kezhen was born into a small merchant family in Dongguan town, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. In 1909, Zhu Kezhen was admitted to Tangshan Road and mining school (now Southwest Jiaotong University) to study civil engineering; in 1910, he studied in the United States at public expense; in 1918, he received a doctorate from Harvard University; in the autumn of 1920, he applied for a job in Nanjing Normal University; since 1929, he was repeatedly elected president of China Meteorological Society; in 1934, he participated in the establishment of China Geographic Society; in April 1936, he served as president of Zhejiang University for 13 years; in 1944, he was elected president of China Meteorological Society Zhu Zhen was appointed Vice Chairman of the National Association of natural sciences and geography of China in November 1950 Zhu Kezhen, director of the Ministry of Geosciences, was formally established in 1956 as the chairman of the "comprehensive investigation committee"; he joined the Communist Party of China in June 1962 and died on February 7, 1974 at the age of 84.

Zhu Kezhen is the founder of Chinese phenology. He has deeply studied the formation, characteristics, division and change of Chinese climate, geography and the history of natural science.

Life of the characters

Young talents

On March 7, 1890, Zhu Kezhen was born into a small merchant family in Dongguan town, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Since childhood, he studied hard and developed patriotism. He admired Lu You, a poet of Song Dynasty, and Wang Yangming, a scholar of Ming Dynasty. Zhu Kezhen was smart and studious when he was a child. He began to read at the age of 2.

In 1905, he graduated from primary school with excellent grades in all subjects. In the autumn of that year, he entered Chengzhong school in Shanghai. With excellent character and learning, he was enthusiastic and upright, and was promoted as the monitor by his classmates.

In the spring of 1908, students asked for the removal of incompetent teachers and held a strike. The school was once closed. After the summer vacation, Zhu Kezhen transferred to Fudan public school to study.

In 1908, the U.S. Congress officially returned part of the Boxer Indemnity, which led the tide of Chinese students to the United States. At this time, Zhu Kezhen was studying in Tangshan Road and mining school (now Southwest Jiaotong University). His "most ardent hope is to go abroad to Europe and America".

In 1909, Zhu Kezhen was admitted to Tangshan Road and mining school (now Southwest Jiaotong University) to study civil engineering, and his academic performance ranked first in his class.

Study in the United States

In 1910, Zhu Kezhen was admitted to the second phase of the study in the United States. He was selected to study in the College of agriculture of the University of Illinois because China was based on agriculture. After graduation, he transferred to the Department of Geosciences of Harvard University and studied meteorology closely related to agriculture.

In 1914, Ren Hongjun and Yang Quan, who studied in Cornell University, proposed to organize a science society and establish a magazine to introduce scientific knowledge and ideas to China. Soon, the science society and its publications were transferred to Harvard University with its founders.

In October 1915, the science society was officially named "China Science Society". Zhu Kezhen became one of the first members of the "China Science Society" and actively participated in social activities. He has become one of the most important authors of science since he published in the second issue of Volume 2 of science.

In 1915, after receiving a master's degree from Harvard University, Zhu Kezhen stayed at Harvard for further study. He was also one of the most important leaders of the Chinese science society. The Science Society of China and its journal Science, founded by students studying in the United States, provided a relatively fixed position and representative for the propaganda of the thought of saving the nation by science, and finally promoted the formation of the thought of saving the nation by science. During this period, he published many papers, such as the theory of rainfall and storm in China, some new facts of typhoon center, and so on.

In 1917, he was accepted as a member of the American Geographic Society and won the imasun scholarship.

In 1918, Zhu Kezhen received a doctorate in meteorology from Harvard University for his thesis "new classification of Far East typhoons". With a passion for serving the country and the people, he returned to his motherland in the autumn after eight years' absence.

Study on returning to China

After returning to China, Zhu Kezhen was first employed to teach geography, astronomy and meteorology in Wuchang Normal University. He made up his own lecture notes, which are novel and rich in content, reflecting the most advanced geography and meteorology theory at that time. He also led students to visit and practice after class, which won the love of his classmates. His teaching achievements and responsible spirit are also highly valued by the school.

In the autumn of 1920, Zhu Kezhen changed to Nanjing Normal University to teach meteorology and geography. In the winter of this year, on the basis of Nanjing Normal University, we began to prepare for the construction of Southeast University. In 1921, Zhu Kezhen became the director of the Department of Geosciences. During this period, he published a series of Monographs on Southeast Asian typhoons, weather patterns, historical climate change and development of scientific geography, and was elected director of the speech Committee of the Chinese Science Society (1923), first director of the Chinese Meteorological Society (1924) and vice president (1925). Later, due to the factional leadership of Southeast University, Zhu Kezhen was transferred to the commercial press and professor of Nankai University for one year from 1925 to 1926.

In 1927, he returned to Southeast University as the director of the Department of Geosciences. During this period, he was sent by the Chinese science society to Tokyo to attend the third Pan Pacific Scientific Conference.

In 1928, he was appointed by Cai Yuanpei, President of Academia Sinica, to build the Institute of Meteorology in Beijige, Nanjing. He resigned as the director of the Department of Geosciences of Central University and became the director of the Institute of meteorology. He published the first modern Chinese Book meteorology. From then on to April 1936, we made every effort to establish the ground and high-altitude observation, weather forecast and meteorological broadcasting services of Beijige meteorological station, promoted the construction of national meteorological stations, trained meteorological personnel, and took the lead in developing meteorological research. In the past eight years, we published about 50 works.

Since 1929, he has been elected president of China Meteorological Society for many times.

In 1933, the Chinese delegation to the Fifth Pan Pacific Scientific Conference was the chief representative.

In 1934, he and Weng Wenhao initiated the establishment of the Geographical Society of China.

In 1935, Lhasa Institute of meteorology was set up and elected as a member of Academia Sinica.

In 1936, he was president of Zhejiang University (and director of the Institute of meteorology).

When the Anti Japanese war broke out and the enemy was approaching Hangzhou, he led the school to move westward to Taihe, Jiangxi. During the westward migration, he telegraphed the Ministry of education and suggested that the complete works of the four treasuries of wenlange in Zhejiang should be moved in. It was agreed that Zhejiang University would assist in the transportation and storage in Guiyang.

In 1938, the enemy rode into Jiangxi, led the school to Yishan, Guangxi, and advocated the school motto of "seeking truth".

In the winter of 1939, the enemy attacked Guangxi and moved to northern Guizhou in December.

He settled in Zunyi and Meitan in 1940, and returned to Hangzhou in the summer of 1946. Just as Zhu Kezhen was busy surveying the new campus for the third time, his second son Zhu Heng and his wife Zhang xiahun died one after another. Under this sudden attack, Zhu Kezhen successfully completed the task of moving the campus with great perseverance and perseverance. In the six years since then, Zhu Kezhen has made great efforts to develop Zhejiang University, carry out scientific research, improve academic and teaching level, expand departments, set up branch schools, and cultivate a good style of study, which has greatly increased the reputation of Zhejiang University.

On March 15, 1940, Zhu Kezhen and Chen Ji were married in Chongqing.

On December 14, 1940, Chen Jisheng gave birth to a girl named Mao Mao and Zhu song.

In 1946, he organized Zhejiang University to move back to Hangzhou and set up a medical college. He himself was selected as a member of the climatology Committee of the international meteorological society and attended the founding conference of UNESCO as a member of the Chinese delegation.

In 1947, the "yuzisan case" occurred, and around the so-called "yuzisan suicide", Zhu Kezhen almost broke with the Kuomintang authorities. Around the burial and commemoration of Yu zisan, Zhu Kezhen also had friction with the "academic movement" and was almost boycotted.

In 1948, he was elected academician of Academia Sinica.

In the last ten days of April 1949, the Minister of education, hang Liwu, declined to send a telegram urging him to go to Shanghai and Taiwan. In July, he was invited to Beiping to attend the preparatory meeting for the National Natural Science Workers' conference and the national educators' conference. In August, he successively participated in the preparatory meeting of the CPPCC and the first plenary session of the CPPCC. During the discussion on the formulation of the "common program", a proposal for the development of natural sciences was put forward and adopted. On October 1, he attended the founding ceremony of the people's Republic of China. He was appointed Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, mainly in charge of the organization and leadership of natural science research. According to the national policy on scientific research, Zhu Kezhen extensively solicited opinions, formulated and implemented the principles of adjusting and establishing research institutions, selected and recruited research talents, organized cooperation with colleges and universities, and vigorously carried out scientific research.

Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, Zhu Kezhen has been the president of the Geographical Society of China and personally presided over the preparation for the establishment of the Institute of geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Life in old age

In November 1949, just one month after the founding of new China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences was established. After the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhu Kezhen was appointed Vice President and director of the Department of biology and Geosciences. He was mainly responsible for the academic organization and leadership of Geosciences and biology.

In 1950, he was elected as the all China Federation of Natural Science Societies

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Ke Zhen